springboot整合SSE技术开发经验总结及心得
- 一、开发背景
- 二、快速了解SSE
- 1、概念
- 2、特性
- 三、开发思路
- 四、代码演示
- 1、引入依赖
- 2、服务端代码
- 3、后端定时任务代码
- 4、解决乱码的实体类
- 4、前端代码
- 五、核心代码分析
一、开发背景
公司需要开发一个大屏界面,大屏页面的数据是实时更新的,由后端主动实时推送数据给大屏页面。此时会立刻联想到:websocket 技术。当然使用websocket,确实可以解决这个场景。但是今天本文的主角是 :SSE,他和websocket略有不同,SSE只能由服务端主动发消息,而websocket前后端都可以推送消息。
二、快速了解SSE
1、概念
SSE全称 Server Sent Event,顾名思义,就是服务器发送事件,所以也就注定了他 只能由服务端发送信息。
2、特性
- 主动从服务端推送消息的技术
- 本质是一个HTTP的长连接
- 发送的是一个stream流,格式为text/event-stream
三、开发思路
要实现后端的实时推送消息,前台实时更新数据,思路如下:
- 1、前后端需要建立连接
- 2、后端如何做到实时推送信息呢?可以采用定时调度
四、代码演示
1、引入依赖
原则上是不需要引入的,因为springboot底层已经整合了SSE
<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、服务端代码
controller层
@RestController
@CrossOrigin
@RequestMapping("/sse")
public class SseEmitterController extends BaseController {@Autowiredprivate SseEmitterService sseEmitterService;/*** 创建SSE连接** @return*/@GetMapping("/connect/{type}")public SseEmitter connect(@PathVariable("type") String type) {return sseEmitterService.connect(type);}
}
service层
public interface SseEmitterService {SseEmitter connect(String type);void volumeOverview();void sysOperation();void monitor();........
}
service实现层
@Service
public class SseEmitterServiceImpl implements SseEmitterService {private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());private static Map<String, SseEmitterUTF8> sseCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();/*** 创建连接sse* @param type* @return*/@Overridepublic SseEmitter connect(String type) {if (sseCache.containsKey(type)){return sseCache.get(type);}SseEmitterUTF8 sseEmitter = new SseEmitterUTF8(0L);try {sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().comment("创建连接成功 !!!"));} catch (IOException e) {logger.error("创建连接失败 , {} " , e.getMessage());}sseEmitter.onCompletion(() -> {logger.info("connect onCompletion , {} 结束连接 ..." , type);removeUser(type);});sseEmitter.onTimeout(() -> {logger.info("connect onTimeout , {} 连接超时 ..." , type);removeUser(type);});sseEmitter.onError((throwable) -> {logger.error("connect onError , {} 连接异常 ..." , type);removeUser(type);});sseCache.put(type, sseEmitter);//立即推送volumeOverview();dealResp();monitor();if (type.equals(SseEmitterConstant.OVER_VIEW)){sysOperation();mileStone();}logger.info("当前用户总连接数 : {} " , sseCache.size());return sseEmitter;}/*** 交易量概览*/@Overridepublic void volumeOverview() {Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();map.put("latest_tps",440.3);map.put("total_cics_trans",341656001);map.put("total_zjcx_trans",391656001);map.put("zjcx_tps",23657);map.put("day10",48388352);map.put("history",105013985);SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder data = SseEmitter.event().name(SseEmitterConstant.VOLUME_OVERVIEW).data(map, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);for (Map.Entry<String, SseEmitterUTF8> entry : sseCache.entrySet()) {SseEmitterUTF8 sseEmitter = entry.getValue();if (sseEmitter == null) {continue;}try {sseEmitter.send(data);} catch (IOException e) {String body = "SseEmitterServiceImpl[volumeOverview ]";logger.error(body + ": 向客户端 {} 推送消息失败 , 尝试进行重推 : {}", entry.getKey() ,e.getMessage());messageRepush(entry.getKey(),data,body);}}}private void messageRepush(String type, SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder data,String body){for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {try {Thread.sleep(2000);SseEmitterUTF8 sseEmitter = sseCache.get(type);if (sseEmitter == null) {logger.error(body + " :向客户端{} 第{}次消息重推失败,未创建长链接", type, i + 1);continue;}sseEmitter.send(data);} catch (Exception ex) {logger.error(body + " :向客户端{} 第{}次消息重推失败", type, i + 1, ex);continue;}logger.info(body + " :向客户端{} 第{}次消息重推成功", type, i + 1);return;}}
常量类
public class SseEmitterConstant {/*** 创建连接的客户端类型*/public static final String OVER_VIEW = "overview";/*** even 数据类型*/public static final String VOLUME_OVERVIEW = "vw";public SseEmitterConstant(){}
}
3、后端定时任务代码
采用注解的方式实现:@Scheduled,使用该注解时,需要增加这个注解@EnableScheduling,相当于来开启定时调度功能,如果不加@EnableScheduling注解,那么定时调度会不生效的。
启动类增加注解@EnableScheduling
package com.hidata;import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;@SpringBootApplication(exclude = { DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class })
@EnableScheduling
public class HidataApplication {public static void main(String[] args){SpringApplication.run(HidataApplication.class, args);System.out.println("[HiUrlShorter platform startup!]");}
}
创建 定时任务调度类,在该类上加上@Scheduled注解,
@Configuration
public class SendMessageTask{private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());@Autowiredprivate SseEmitterService sseEmitterService;@Scheduled(cron = "0/40 * * * * ?}")public void volumeOverviewTask() {try {sseEmitterService.volumeOverview();} catch (Exception e) {logger.error("SendMessageTask [volumeOverviewTask]: {} ",e.getMessage());}}
.......
}
4、解决乱码的实体类
如果发送中文数据的时候,会出现乱码的现象。此时需要做对应的处理
package com.hidata.devops.lagrescreen.domain;import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;public class SseEmitterUTF8 extends SseEmitter {public SseEmitterUTF8(Long timeout) {super(timeout);}@Overrideprotected void extendResponse(ServerHttpResponse outputMessage) {super.extendResponse(outputMessage);HttpHeaders headers = outputMessage.getHeaders();headers.setContentType(new MediaType(MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));}
}
4、前端代码
// 连接服务器var sseSource = new EventSource("http://localhost:8080/sse/connect");// 连接打开sseSource.onopen = function () {console.log("连接打开");}// 连接错误sseSource.onerror = function (err) {console.log("连接错误:", err);}//接收信息eventSource.addEventListener("vw", function (event) {console.log(event.data);.....});
五、核心代码分析
先看代码片段
SseEmitter.event().name("vw").data(map, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
分析:
后端不会把所有数据一起发送给前端,而是会把页面分成多个模块,然后发给前端,此时前端需要区分哪一块数据对应哪一块页面。所以我们可以给各个模块的数据起个名字。也就是上述的代码
SseEmitter.event().name("vw")
这样,前端就知道怎么渲染页面了,类似于这样
关于even()的属性,可以查看源码,
public interface SseEventBuilder {SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder id(String var1);SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder name(String var1);SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder reconnectTime(long var1);SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder comment(String var1);SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder data(Object var1);SseEmitter.SseEventBuilder data(Object var1, @Nullable MediaType var2);Set<DataWithMediaType> build();}