- 创建Spring Boot项目:使用Spring Initializr创建一个新的Spring Boot项目。
- 依赖配置:在
pom.xml
文件中(方便起见使用的是thymeleaf
模板引擎):
<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency>
</dependencies>
- HTML目录结构:在
src/main/resources/templates
目录下创建HTML视图。这里提供两个示例视图,error-page.html
和result-page.html
:
error-page.html
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><title>错误页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>错误</h1>
<p th:text="${message}"></p>
</body>
</html>
result-page.html
:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head><title>结果页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>结果</h1>
<p th:text="'结果是:' + ${result}"></p>
</body>
</html>
- 定义自定义异常类:创建一个自定义异常类,例如
MyCustomException
:
public class MyCustomException extends Exception {public MyCustomException(String message) {super(message);}
}
- 异常处理器类:创建一个异常处理器类
MyCustomExceptionHandler
,并配置多个@ExceptionHandler
方法来处理不同类型的异常:
import com.lfsun.demolfsunstudythymeleafcustomexception.exception.MyCustomException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;@ControllerAdvice
public class MyCustomExceptionHandler {@ExceptionHandler(MyCustomException.class)public ModelAndView handleCustomException(MyCustomException ex) {ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();modelAndView.addObject("message", "自定义异常发生了: " + ex.getMessage());modelAndView.setViewName("error-page");return modelAndView;}@ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)public ModelAndView handleAllOtherExceptions(Exception ex) {ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();modelAndView.addObject("message", "发生了其他异常: " + ex.getMessage());modelAndView.setViewName("error-page");return modelAndView;}
}
- 控制器类:创建一个控制器类,例如
DemoController
,并在其中抛出自定义异常:
import com.lfsun.demolfsunstudythymeleafcustomexception.exception.MyCustomException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;@Controller
public class DemoController {@GetMapping("/divide")public String divide(@RequestParam int dividend, @RequestParam int divisor, Model model) throws MyCustomException {if (divisor == 0) {throw new MyCustomException("不允许除以零。");}int result = dividend / divisor;model.addAttribute("result", result);return "result-page";}
}
- 运行项目:运行Spring Boot应用程序。
- 访问应用程序:在浏览器中访问
http://localhost:8080/divide?dividend=10&divisor=2
这个URL,将会执行DemoController
中的divide
方法,并显示结果5
。尝试访问http://localhost:8080/divide?dividend=10&divisor=0
来看到自定义异常处理器的效果。