1、挂载外部配置和数据安装

 #在home目录下创建mysql文件夹，下面创建data和conf.d文件夹mkdir /home/mysqlmkdir /home/mysql/conf.dmkdir /home/mysql/data/创建my.cnf配置文件touch /home/mysql/my.cnf​my.cnf添加如下内容：[mysqld]user=mysqlcharacter-set-server=utf8default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_passwordsecure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysqlexpire_logs_days=7sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTIONmax_connections=1000​[client]default-character-set=utf8​[mysql]default-character-set=utf8

2、创建容器，并后台启动

docker run --restart=always --privileged=true -d -v /home/mysql/data/:/var/lib/mysql -v /home/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -p 33306:3306 --name my-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7​​​docker run  -di -v /home/mysql/data/:/var/lib/mysql -v /home/mysql/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf -p 33306:3306 --name my-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7​参数说明：--restart=always： 当Docker 重启时，容器会自动启动。--privileged=true：容器内的root拥有真正root权限，否则容器内root只是外部普通用户权限-v /home/mysql/conf.d/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf：映射配置文件-v /home/mysql/data/:/var/lib/mysql：映射数据目录

3、可能错误

注意：启动mysql报如下错误，那是因为MYSQL新特性secure_file_priv对读写文件的影响。

ERROR: mysqld failed while attempting to check configcommand was: "mysqld --verbose --help"​mysqld: Error on realpath() on '/var/lib/mysql-files' (Error 2 - No such file or directory)2019-09-14T09:52:51.015937Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010095] [Server] Failed to access directory for --secure-file-priv. Please make sure that directory exists and is accessible by MySQL Server. Supplied value : /var/lib/mysql-files2019-09-14T09:52:51.018328Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting解决问题:
windows下：修改my.ini 在[mysqld]内加入secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql
​
linux下：修改my.cnf 在[mysqld]内加入secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql