在现代Web应用程序中,数据导出到Excel格式是一项常见的需求。Vue.js是一种流行的JavaScript框架,允许我们构建动态的前端应用程序。本文将介绍如何使用Vue.js和xlsx组件轻松实现Excel数据导出功能。
1、项目设置
首先,在控制台执行以下命令安装xlsx组件;
npm install xlsx --save或yarn add xlsx --save
然后,在vue项目中引入xls组件;
import XLSX from 'xlsx';
2、准备数据
要导出到Excel,您需要有数据。您可以使用本地数据或从API获取数据。在本示例中,我们将使用本地数据:
exportData: [{ name: "John", age: 30, city: "New York" },{ name: "Alice", age: 25, city: "Los Angeles" },{ name: "Bob", age: 35, city: "Chicago" }
]
3、实现导出功能
创建导出到Excel的方法。这个方法将触发Excel文件的生成和下载:
exportToExcel() {const worksheet = XLSX.utils.json_to_sheet(this.exportData);const workbook = XLSX.utils.book_new();XLSX.utils.book_append_sheet(workbook, worksheet, "Sheet1");XLSX.writeFile(workbook, "exported-data.xlsx");
}
这个方法使用xlsx组件将数据转换为Excel工作表,然后创建一个工作簿并将工作表添加到工作簿中。最后,它使用XLSX.writeFile
方法将工作簿保存为名为"exported-data.xlsx"的Excel文件。
4、设置列宽自适应
根据导出数据的长度,通过遍历计算每列的最大长度,然后通过worksheet['!cols']方法设置每列宽度;
// 设置列宽exportData.forEach((row, rowIndex) => { row.forEach((cell, cellIndex) => { const list = arrData.map(item => {const val = item[cellIndex] as string;if(isEmptyString(val)){return 1;} else if(val.toString().charCodeAt(0) > 255){ // 判断是否有中文return val.toString().length * 2} else{return val.toString().length;}});const maxLength = Math.max(...list); const width = maxLength * 1.1; // 根据实际内容长度自动调整列宽 if(!worksheet["!cols"]) worksheet["!cols"] = [];if(!worksheet["!cols"][cellIndex]) worksheet["!cols"][cellIndex] = {wch: 8};worksheet['!cols'][cellIndex].wch = width; // 使用worksheet的 '!cols' 来设置列宽});});
5、设置合并单元格
通过worksheet["!merges"]方法可以设置合并单元格;
// 合并单元格merges.forEach((item) => {if(!worksheet["!merges"]){worksheet["!merges"] = [];};worksheet["!merges"].push(item);// worksheet["!merges"].push({// s: { r: 2, c: 1 }, // s ("start"): c = 1 r = 2 -> "B3"// e: { r: 3, c: 4 } // e ("end"): c = 4 r = 3 -> "E4"// });});
6、设置导出Excel表格的样式
xlsx组件库是不支持设置Excel表格样式的,但是可以通过引入xlsx-style-vite组件库来实现样式的设置;然后通过file-saver导出文件;
6.1 安装并引入xlsx-style-vite和file-saver组件
yarn add xlsx-style-vite --saveyarn add file-saver --save
import XLSXStyle from 'xlsx-style-vite';
import XLSX_SAVE from 'file-saver';
其中 xlsx-style-vite组件是xlsx-style组件的vite版本,用于解决在vite下引入xlsx-style异常的问题;
6.2 设置单元格居中
遍历所有单元格,然后通过worksheet[column].s方法设置每个单元格的样式;
exportData.forEach((row, rowIndex) => { row.forEach((cell, cellIndex) => { // 设置所有单元格居中let column = utils.encode_cell({c: cellIndex, r: rowIndex}); worksheet[column].s = {alignment: {horizontal: 'center',vertical: 'center',wrapText: false, // 自动换行},} });});
6.3 设置单元格背景色和字体
exportData.forEach((row, rowIndex) => { row.forEach((cell, cellIndex) => { // 设置所有单元格居中let column = utils.encode_cell({c: cellIndex, r: rowIndex});if(worksheet[column]){// 设置背景色、加粗展示worksheet[column].s = {font: {name: "微软雅黑",sz: 16,color: { rgb: "000000" },bold: true,italic: false,underline: false,},fill: {fgColor: { rgb: "C5D9F1" },},alignment: {horizontal: 'center',vertical: 'center',wrapText: false, // 自动换行},}}}});});
6.4 设置单元格边框
//单元格外侧框线const borderAll = {top: {style: "thin",},bottom: {style: "thin",},left: {style: "thin",},right: {style: "thin",},};// 设置单元格边框arrData.forEach((row, rowIndex) => { row.forEach((cell, cellIndex) => { let column = utils.encode_cell({c: cellIndex, r: rowIndex});if(worksheet[column]){ worksheet[column].s = {border: borderAll,}}}});});
6.5 导出文件
必须通过file-saver组件导出Excel文件,不能通过xlsx组件的writeFile方法导出文件,否则样式无法生效;
const wbout = XLSXStyle.write(workbook, {type: 'binary',bookType: 'xlsx',});XLSX_SAVE.saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], {type: 'application/octet-stream',}),'exported-data.xlsx',);// 数据转换
function s2ab(s) {var buf = new ArrayBuffer(s.length);var view = new Uint8Array(buf);for (var i=0; i!=s.length; ++i) view[i] = s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF;return buf;
}
7、完整代码示例
import * as xlsx from 'xlsx';
import type { WorkBook } from 'xlsx';
import type { JsonToSheet, AoAToSheet } from './typing';
import XLSXStyle from 'xlsx-style-vite';
import XLSX_SAVE from 'file-saver';
import { isEmptyString } from '@/utils/table';const { utils, writeFile } = xlsx;const DEF_FILE_NAME = 'excel-list.xlsx';export function aoaToSheetXlsx<T = any>({data,header,filename = DEF_FILE_NAME,write2excelOpts = { bookType: 'xlsx' },merges = [],
}: AoAToSheet<T>) {const arrData = [...data]; if (header) { arrData.unshift(header);}const worksheet = utils.aoa_to_sheet(arrData);/* add worksheet to workbook */const workbook: WorkBook = {SheetNames: [filename],Sheets: {[filename]: worksheet,},};//单元格外侧框线const borderAll = {top: {style: "thin",},bottom: {style: "thin",},left: {style: "thin",},right: {style: "thin",},};// 设置列宽arrData.forEach((row, rowIndex) => { row.forEach((cell, cellIndex) => { const list = arrData.map(item => {const val = item[cellIndex] as string;if(isEmptyString(val)){return 1;} else if(val.toString().charCodeAt(0) > 255){ // 判断是否有中文return val.toString().length * 2} else{return val.toString().length;}});const maxLength = Math.max(...list); const width = maxLength * 1.1; // 根据实际内容长度自动调整列宽 if(!worksheet["!cols"]) worksheet["!cols"] = [];if(!worksheet["!cols"][cellIndex]) worksheet["!cols"][cellIndex] = {wch: 8};worksheet['!cols'][cellIndex].wch = width; // 使用worksheet的 '!cols' 来设置列宽// 设置所有单元格居中let column = utils.encode_cell({c: cellIndex, r: rowIndex});if(worksheet[column]){if(rowIndex === 0) { // 标题行设置背景色、加粗展示worksheet[column].s = {border: borderAll,font: {// name: "微软雅黑",// sz: 16,color: { rgb: "000000" },bold: true,italic: false,underline: false,},fill: {fgColor: { rgb: "C5D9F1" },},alignment: {horizontal: 'center',vertical: 'center',wrapText: false, // 自动换行},}} else {worksheet[column].s = {alignment: {horizontal: 'center',vertical: 'center',wrapText: false, // 自动换行},}}}});}); // 合并单元格merges.forEach((item) => {if(!worksheet["!merges"]){worksheet["!merges"] = [];};worksheet["!merges"].push(item);// worksheet["!merges"].push({// s: { r: 2, c: 1 }, // s ("start"): c = 1 r = 2 -> "B3"// e: { r: 3, c: 4 } // e ("end"): c = 4 r = 3 -> "E4"// });});const wbout = XLSXStyle.write(workbook, {type: 'binary',bookType: 'xlsx',});XLSX_SAVE.saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], {type: 'application/octet-stream',}),`${filename}.${write2excelOpts.bookType}`,);/* output format determined by filename */// writeFile(workbook, filename, write2excelOpts);/* at this point, out.xlsb will have been downloaded */
}// 数据转换
function s2ab(s) {var buf = new ArrayBuffer(s.length);var view = new Uint8Array(buf);for (var i=0; i!=s.length; ++i) view[i] = s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF;return buf;
}
新时代农民工