- 点击跳转=>Unity3D特效百例
- 点击跳转=>案例项目实战源码
- 点击跳转=>游戏脚本-辅助自动化
- 点击跳转=>Android控件全解手册
- 点击跳转=>Scratch编程案例
- 点击跳转=>软考全系列
👉关于作者
专注于Android/Unity和各种游戏开发技巧,以及各种资源分享(网站、工具、素材、源码、游戏等)
有什么需要欢迎底部卡片私我,交流让学习不再孤单。
👉实践过程
😜解决
今天突然收到一个异常的崩溃信息:
解决方案其实很简单:
- Fragemnt需要一个无参的构造参数,且是public类型的
- 多人合作开发项目要注意这个构造参数是不是 public 类型
😜结论
总结一句话就是:这个错误原因是 Fragment 的有参构造函数上。当 Fragment 因为某种原因(如横竖屏切换)重新创建时,会调用到onCreate方法传入之前保存的状态,在instantiate方法中通过反射无参构造函数创建一个Fragment,并且为Arguments初始化为原来保存的值,而此时如果没有无参构造函数就会抛出异常,造成程序崩溃。
所以我们强烈推荐使用setArguments和getArguments进行存取参数。
😜原因
知道怎么解决我们就看看出现这个问题的原因是什么:
我们先来看一下Fragment的构造函数:
/*** Default constructor. <strong>Every</strong> fragment must have an* empty constructor, so it can be instantiated when restoring its* activity's state. It is strongly recommended that subclasses do not* have other constructors with parameters, since these constructors* will not be called when the fragment is re-instantiated; instead,* arguments can be supplied by the caller with {@link #setArguments}* and later retrieved by the Fragment with {@link #getArguments}.** <p>Applications should generally not implement a constructor. Prefer* {@link #onAttach(Context)} instead. It is the first place application code can run where* the fragment is ready to be used - the point where the fragment is actually associated with* its context. Some applications may also want to implement {@link #onInflate} to retrieve* attributes from a layout resource, although note this happens when the fragment is attached.*/
public Fragment() {
}
注释说明:
默认构造器。
每一个Fragment必须有一个无参的构造函数,以便当Activity恢复状态时fragment可以实例化。
强烈建议fragment的子类不要有其他的有参构造函数,因为当fragment重新实例化时不会调用这些有参构造函数;
如果要传值应该使用setArguments方法,在需要获取这些值时调用getArguments方法。
注释力明确说明了使用有参构造函数会出问题,建议使用无参构造函数,但是并没有告诉我们具体是哪里的问题。我们在Fragment中直接Ctrl + F 搜索 Unable to instantiate fragment,发现抛出异常的地方反射无参构造方法,在instantiate方法中抛出的。
public static Fragment instantiate(Context context, String fname, @Nullable Bundle args) {try {Class<?> clazz = sClassMap.get(fname);if (clazz == null) {// Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add itclazz = context.getClassLoader().loadClass(fname);sClassMap.put(fname, clazz);}Fragment f = (Fragment) clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();if (args != null) {args.setClassLoader(f.getClass().getClassLoader());f.setArguments(args);}return f;} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname+ ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"+ " empty constructor that is public", e);} catch (java.lang.InstantiationException e) {throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname+ ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"+ " empty constructor that is public", e);} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname+ ": make sure class name exists, is public, and has an"+ " empty constructor that is public", e);} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname+ ": could not find Fragment constructor", e);} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {throw new InstantiationException("Unable to instantiate fragment " + fname+ ": calling Fragment constructor caused an exception", e);}
}
仔细看代码分析分析,Fragment 实例化通过调用类对象的getConstructor()方法获取构造器对象并调用了newInstance()方法创建对象。此时还会将args参数设置给Fragment。具体报错的地方我们是找到了,但是这个方法是在哪里调用触发的呢?在Fragment没有找到调用的地方,由于Fragment是由FragmentManager管理的,在该类发现是在restoreAllState方法中调用的。
void restoreAllState(Parcelable state, FragmentManagerNonConfig nonConfig) {// Build the full list of active fragments, instantiating them from// their saved state.mActive = new SparseArray<>(fms.mActive.length);for (int i=0; i<fms.mActive.length; i++) {FragmentState fs = fms.mActive[i];if (fs != null) {FragmentManagerNonConfig childNonConfig = null;if (childNonConfigs != null && i < childNonConfigs.size()) {childNonConfig = childNonConfigs.get(i);}ViewModelStore viewModelStore = null;if (viewModelStores != null && i < viewModelStores.size()) {viewModelStore = viewModelStores.get(i);}Fragment f = fs.instantiate(mHost, mContainer, mParent, childNonConfig,viewModelStore);if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: active #" + i + ": " + f);mActive.put(f.mIndex, f);// Now that the fragment is instantiated (or came from being// retained above), clear mInstance in case we end up re-restoring// from this FragmentState again.fs.mInstance = null;}}... }
这方法名意为恢复所有的状态,而其中注释为创建激活Fragment的列表,并将他们从保存的状态中实例化。这个方法应该是Fragment重新实例化时调用的方法。
至此我们就知道什么原因了。
👉其他
📢作者:小空和小芝中的小空
📢转载说明-务必注明来源:https://zhima.blog.csdn.net/
📢这位道友请留步☁️,我观你气度不凡,谈吐间隐隐有王者霸气💚,日后定有一番大作为📝!!!旁边有点赞👍收藏🌟今日传你,点了吧,未来你成功☀️,我分文不取,若不成功⚡️,也好回来找我。
温馨提示:点击下方卡片获取更多意想不到的资源。