React 基础巩固(三十五)——ReduxToolKit (RTK)
一、RTK介绍
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Redux Tool Kit (RTK)是官方推荐的编写Redux逻辑的方法,旨在成为编写Redux逻辑的标准方式,从而解决上面提到的问题。
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RTK的核心API主要有如下几个:
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configureStore:包装createStore以提供简化的配置选项和良好的默认值。它可以自动组合你的slice reducer,添加你提供的任何Redux中间件,redux-thunk默认包含,并启用Redux DevTools Extension。
参数 描述 reducer 将slice中的reducer组成一个对象传入此处 middleware 传入中间件 devTools 是否配置devTools工具,默认为true -
createSlice:接受reducer函数的对象、切片名和初始状态值,并自动生成切片reducer,并带有相应的actions。
参数 描述 name 用户标记slice的名次 initialState 初始化值 reducers reducer函数,对象类型,可添加多个 createSlice 返回值是一个对象,包含所有的actions -
createAsyncThunk:接受一个动作类型字符串和一个返回承诺的函数,并生成一个pending/fulfilled/rejected基于该承诺分派动作类型的thunk。
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二、RTK的简单使用
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安装 toolkit 和 react-redux
npm install @reduxjs/toolkit react-redux
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利用 createSlice 构建store分片(store/features/counter.js)
import { createSlice } from "@reduxjs/toolkit";// createSlice(用户标记slice的名称, ) const counterSlice = createSlice({name: "counter",initialState: {counter: 989,},reducers: {addNumber(state, {payload}) {console.log("add number", payload);state.counter = state.counter + payload;},subNumber(state, {payload}) {console.log("sub number", payload);state.counter = state.counter - payload;},}, });export const { addNumber, subNumber } = counterSlice.actions;export default counterSlice.reducer;
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利用configureStore 配置store(store/index.js)
import { configureStore } from "@reduxjs/toolkit";import counterReducer from "./features/counter";const store = configureStore({reducer: {counter: counterReducer,}, });export default store;
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利用react-redux,依照往常的做法,将store注入index.js
import React from "react"; import ReactDOM from "react-dom/client"; import { Provider } from "react-redux"; import App from "./App"; import store from "./store";const root = ReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById("root")); root.render(// <React.StrictMode><Provider store={store}><App /></Provider>// </React.StrictMode> );
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利用react-redux,依照往常的做法,在需要使用store及dispatch操作的页面文件中通过connect进行连接
// Home.jsx import React, { PureComponent } from "react"; import { connect } from "react-redux"; import { addNumber } from "../store/features/counter";export class Home extends PureComponent {addNumber(num) {this.props.addNumber(num);}render() {const { counter } = this.props;return (<div>home:{counter}<button onClick={(e) => this.addNumber(5)}>+5</button><button onClick={(e) => this.addNumber(8)}>+8</button><button onClick={(e) => this.addNumber(18)}>+18</button></div>);} }const mapStateToProps = (state) => ({counter: state.counter.counter, });const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch) => ({addNumber(num) {dispatch(addNumber(num));}, });export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Home);
// Profile.jsx import React, { PureComponent } from "react"; import { connect } from "react-redux"; import { subNumber } from "../store/features/counter";export class Profile extends PureComponent {subNumber(num) {this.props.subNumber(num);}render() {const { counter } = this.props;return (<div>profile:{counter}<button onClick={(e) => this.subNumber(5)}>-5</button><button onClick={(e) => this.subNumber(8)}>-8</button></div>);} }const mapStateToProps = (state) => ({counter: state.counter.counter, });const mapDispatchToProps = (dispatch) => ({subNumber(num) {dispatch(subNumber(num));}, });export default connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Profile);
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将界面引入App.jsx
import React, { PureComponent } from "react"; import { connect } from "react-redux"; import Home from "./pages/Home"; import Profile from "./pages/Profile"; import "./style.css";export class App extends PureComponent {render() {const { counter } = this.props;return (<div><h2>App Counter: {counter}</h2><div className="pages"><Home /><Profile /></div></div>);} }const mapStateToProps = (state) => ({counter: state.counter.counter });export default connect(mapStateToProps)(App);
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查看运行结果,和之前单独使用react-redux的效果一致,但在代码层面上化繁为简