安装nginx，配置https，并解决403问题

nginx安装

下载nginx：下载地址
上传到/opt目录
解压nginx，并进入解压后到目录

cd /opt
tar -zxvf nginx-1.25.2.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.25.2

编译(with-http_ssl_module为https模块)

./configure --with-http_ssl_module

安装

make install

默认的安装目录为：/usr/local/nginx

启动Nginx

./nginx

重启Nginx

./nginx -s reload

关闭Nginx

./nginx -s stop

生成https自签名证书，如果是公网域名，可以申请阿里云免费证书

mkdir /usr/local/nginx/cert
cd /usr/local/nginx/cert

生成私钥

openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048

生成公钥

openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

生成证书

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

配置nginx https

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

添加以下内容

server {listen       443 ssl;server_name  localhost;# https证书ssl_certificate      /usr/local/nginx/cert/server.crt;ssl_certificate_key  /usr/local/nginx/cert/server.key;ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;ssl_session_timeout  5m;ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;# 代理地址location / {proxy_pass http://localhost:8848/;}}

问题：nginx访问时报403错？？

首先报错先查看日志，这里查看nginx日志，路径为/var/log/nginx/error.log。打开日志发现详细报错如下：

2022/12/22 16:08:06 [error] 16674#16674: *41 directory index of “/data/soft/” is forbidden, client: 58.250.63.15, server: server01, request: “GET / HTTP/1.1”, host: “xxxxxx:666”
没有权限？缺少web目录索引？还是… …？，下面这些问题都给你解决
报错的可能原因：
一、由于启动用户和nginx工作用户不一致所致
1.1查看nginx的启动用户

ps aux | grep "nginx: worker process" | awk'{print $1}'

1.2将nginx.config的user改为和启动用户一致

vim conf/nginx.conf

user nginx;  #这里的用户改为与启动用户一致
worker_processes  8;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {worker_connections  65535;
}

二、缺少index.html或者index.php文件，就是配置文件中index index.html index.htm这行中的指定的文件。

server {listen 666;server_name server01;root /data/soft/;index  index.html index.htm;  #也可能是这里缺少了  。不过对于这次的报错，这里不影响
}

如果在/data/soft/下面没有index.php,index.html的时候，直接文件，会报403 forbidden。

三、配置文件里，少了一条参数：autoindex on

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

http {include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;default_type  application/octet-stream;log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ''$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ''"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;sendfile        on;keepalive_timeout  65;autoindex on; #########就是少了这条参数，所以一直报 “41 directory index of "/data/soft/" is forbidden” 这个错autoindex_exact_size off;autoindex_localtime on;include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}