细说MCU用定时器控制ADC采样频率的实现方法并通过Simulink查看串口输出波形

一、硬件工程

二、建立Simulink模型

1.安装MATLAB和Simulink

2.建立Simulink模型

三、代码修改

1.修改回调函数

2.产看结果

3.完整的main.c

本文作者的文章细说MCU用定时器控制ADC采样频率的实现方法-CSDN博客 https://wenchm.blog.csdn.net/article/details/140212568 中说到了一种用定时器控制ADC采样频率的实现方法，并通过串口调试助手把串口接收到的数据输出到计算机显示器。

在这篇文章中，利用同样的硬件设置，作者通过MATLAB中的Simulink建立一个串口接收模型，然后和.ioc工程的串口握手通讯。接收并在Time scope控件上显示串口数据波形在display控件上显示数据。

一、硬件工程

本工程依赖的硬件及工程配置参考本文作者的其他文章：细说MCU用定时器控制ADC采样频率的实现方法-CSDN博客。配置一模一样。https://wenchm.blog.csdn.net/article/details/140212568http://xn--https-rfa//wenchm.blog.csdn.net/article/details/140212568

二、建立Simulink模型

1.安装MATLAB和Simulink

在官网下载MATLAB，当前的版本是2024a，安装MATLAB，至少选择安装库文件：Simulink、Communications ToolBox、Instrument Control ToolBox、DSP System ToolBox。如果在使用中找不到所需要的库文件，重新安装并选择所要的库。

选择试用版或者学生版的授权。

2.建立Simulink模型

配置串口：

配置串口接收器：

其中，Data size[1 60]，含义是一个采样周期里采样60条数据，并在Display控件上分60个窗口依次显示。采样时间选择0.06s（60ms采样60个点）。超时选择10s。

三、代码修改

1.修改回调函数

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc)
{ADC1ConvertedValue = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,(uint8_t *)&ADC1ConvertedValue,2,0xFFFF);
}//信号源
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port,LED_Pin);
}//串口打印，本例中不用
int __io_putchar(int ch)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xFFFF);return ch;
}/* USER CODE END 4 */

该函数实现的功能是：直接将A/D转换值通过串口发送出来。在HAL_UART _Transmit ()函数中，将发送的字节数改为2，也就是说A/D完成一次转换就发送一个采样值。因为采样值需要占2字节，所以串口发送函数中配置的参数为2。由于采样频率为1 kHz，所以每间隔1 ms就会发送一个采样值(即2字节)数据。在上面的代码中，将ADC转换的值赋给了变量ADC1ConvertedValue，所以该变量需要声明，可将它放到main函数前面的注释对中：

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint16_t ADC1ConvertedValue = 0;
/* USER CODE END PV */

注释掉while(1)循环中的代码，让主程序什么都不做。

2.产看结果

给MCU的PA0引脚上施加信号源，信号源由TIM4的CH1产生。运行。

Simulink的串口接收模块的采样时间最好设置大于1ms，如果太短，操作系统可能无法及时响应，所显示的波形会有断续现象。

用定时器作为ADC的触发源，在ADC的中断服务函数中对采样值进行处理。这个处理过程是需要CPU参与的，也就是说，CPU如果同时还在做其他任务(响应其他高优先级中断),就有可能与ADC采样过程相互干扰。此时，A/D采样有可能不是很规则的等间隔采样。

3.完整的main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file           : main.c* @brief          : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD *//* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;
TIM_HandleTypeDef htim4;UART_HandleTypeDef huart2;/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
uint16_t ADC1ConvertedValue = 0;
/* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM3_Init(void);
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void);
static void MX_TIM4_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief  The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_ADC1_Init();MX_TIM3_Init();MX_USART2_UART_Init();MX_TIM4_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */HAL_ADCEx_Calibration_Start(&hadc1,ADC_SINGLE_ENDED);HAL_ADC_Start_IT(&hadc1);HAL_TIM_Base_Start(&htim3);HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim4);HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim4,TIM_CHANNEL_1);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage*/HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1_BOOST);/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = RCC_PLLM_DIV6;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 85;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV10;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = RCC_PLLQ_DIV2;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLR = RCC_PLLR_DIV2;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief ADC1 Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_ADC1_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 0 */ADC_MultiModeTypeDef multimode = {0};ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig = {0};/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 1 *//** Common config*/hadc1.Instance = ADC1;hadc1.Init.ClockPrescaler = ADC_CLOCK_ASYNC_DIV1;hadc1.Init.Resolution = ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;hadc1.Init.GainCompensation = 0;hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;hadc1.Init.EOCSelection = ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;hadc1.Init.LowPowerAutoWait = DISABLE;hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_EXTERNALTRIG_T3_TRGO;hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge = ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_RISING;hadc1.Init.DMAContinuousRequests = DISABLE;hadc1.Init.Overrun = ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;hadc1.Init.OversamplingMode = DISABLE;if (HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Configure the ADC multi-mode*/multimode.Mode = ADC_MODE_INDEPENDENT;if (HAL_ADCEx_MultiModeConfigChannel(&hadc1, &multimode) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Configure Regular Channel*/sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_1;sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_2CYCLES_5;sConfig.SingleDiff = ADC_SINGLE_ENDED;sConfig.OffsetNumber = ADC_OFFSET_NONE;sConfig.Offset = 0;if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END ADC1_Init 2 */}/*** @brief TIM3 Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_TIM3_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 0 */TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 1 */htim3.Instance = TIM3;htim3.Init.Prescaler = 169;htim3.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;htim3.Init.Period = 999;htim3.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;htim3.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim3) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim3, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_UPDATE;sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim3, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 2 */}/*** @brief TIM4 Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_TIM4_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 0 */TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {0};TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {0};TIM_OC_InitTypeDef sConfigOC = {0};/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 1 */htim4.Instance = TIM4;htim4.Init.Prescaler = 999;htim4.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;htim4.Init.Period = 8499;htim4.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;htim4.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_ENABLE;if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim4, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}if (HAL_TIM_PWM_Init(&htim4) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim4, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}sConfigOC.OCMode = TIM_OCMODE_PWM1;sConfigOC.Pulse = 2125;sConfigOC.OCPolarity = TIM_OCPOLARITY_HIGH;sConfigOC.OCFastMode = TIM_OCFAST_DISABLE;if (HAL_TIM_PWM_ConfigChannel(&htim4, &sConfigOC, TIM_CHANNEL_1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM4_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END TIM4_Init 2 */HAL_TIM_MspPostInit(&htim4);}/*** @brief USART2 Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_USART2_UART_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END USART2_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END USART2_Init 1 */huart2.Instance = USART2;huart2.Init.BaudRate = 115200;huart2.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart2.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart2.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart2.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart2.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart2.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;huart2.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;huart2.Init.ClockPrescaler = UART_PRESCALER_DIV1;huart2.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}if (HAL_UARTEx_SetTxFifoThreshold(&huart2, UART_TXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}if (HAL_UARTEx_SetRxFifoThreshold(&huart2, UART_RXFIFO_THRESHOLD_1_8) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}if (HAL_UARTEx_DisableFifoMode(&huart2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN USART2_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END USART2_Init 2 */}/*** @brief GPIO Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 *//* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_GPIO_Port, LED_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);/*Configure GPIO pin : LED_Pin */GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = LED_Pin;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;HAL_GPIO_Init(LED_GPIO_Port, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc)
{ADC1ConvertedValue = HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,(uint8_t *)&ADC1ConvertedValue,2,0xFFFF);
}//信号�??
void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_GPIO_Port,LED_Pin);
}//串口打印
int __io_putchar(int ch)
{HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,(uint8_t *)&ch,1,0xFFFF);return ch;
}/* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number*         where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param  file: pointer to the source file name* @param  line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */