【iOS】UI学习（二）

UI学习（二）

进度条和滑动条
步进器与分栏控件
警告对话框和提示等待器
UITextField
- UITextField控件
- UITextFieldDelegate协议
UIScrollView
布局子视图
- 手动布局子视图
- 自动布局子视图

进度条和滑动条

下面通过一个程序来讲解该内容：

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController
{//进度条对象//一般用来表示下载或视频播放的进度UIProgressView* _progressView;//滑动条的定义//一般用来进行调整音乐音量等UISlider* _slider;
}
//定义一个进度条属性
@property (retain, nonatomic) UIProgressView* progressView;
//定义一个滑动条属性
@property (retain, nonatomic) UISlider* slider;@end

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController ()@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];// Do any additional setup after loading the view._progressView = [[UIProgressView alloc] init];//进度条的宽度是固定的，所以第四个参数并没有意义_progressView.frame = CGRectMake(100, 400, 200, 100);//进度条默认为蓝色_progressView.progressTintColor = [UIColor greenColor];_progressView.trackTintColor = [UIColor blackColor];//设置它的进度值_progressView.progress = 0;//设置进度条的风格特征_progressView.progressViewStyle = UIProgressViewStyleDefault;[self.view addSubview:_progressView];_slider = [[UISlider alloc] init];//位置设置，宽度不可变更_slider.frame = CGRectMake(10, 500, 200, 100);//设置滑动条最大值100_slider.maximumValue = 100;//设置滑动条最小值,可以为负值_slider.minimumValue = 0;//设置滑动条的滑块的位置_slider.value = 0;//左侧滑条背景颜色(以滑块为起点）_slider.minimumTrackTintColor = [UIColor greenColor];//右侧滑条背景颜色_slider.maximumTrackTintColor = [UIColor redColor];//设置滑块的颜色_slider.thumbTintColor = [UIColor blueColor];//对滑条移动添加函数[_slider addTarget:self action:@selector(press) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];[self.view addSubview:_slider];
}-(void)press
{_progressView.progress = (_slider.value - _slider.minimumValue)/(_slider.maximumValue - _slider.maximumValue);NSLog(@"value = %f", _slider.value);
}@end

效果图：
在这里插入图片描述

步进器与分栏控件

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController
{//定义步进器对象//按照一定的数字来调整某个数据UIStepper* _stepper;//分栏控制器定义UISegmentedControl* _segControl;
}@property (retain, nonatomic) UIStepper* stepper;
@property (retain, nonatomic) UISegmentedControl* segControl;
@end

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController ()@end@implementation ViewController
@synthesize stepper = _stepper;
@synthesize segControl = _segControl;- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];//创建步进器对象_stepper = [[UIStepper alloc] init];//宽度是固定的，无法改变_stepper.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 40);//设置步进器的最小值_stepper.minimumValue = 0;//设置步进器的最大值_stepper.maximumValue = 100;//设置步进器的当前值_stepper.value = 0;//设置步进器美走一次的value值_stepper.stepValue = 5;//是否将步进结果通过事件函数响应出来//YES：这时会一边执行步进器一边执行事件函数。随着按住的时间越长，执行步进器的速度就越快//NO：这是会执行步进器，只会在松开按钮时执行一次事件函数_stepper.continuous = NO;//当为YES时，按住按钮就会一直执行步进器//NO时，按住按钮只会执行一次步进器_stepper.autorepeat = YES;//添加事件函数[_stepper addTarget:self action:@selector(press) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];[self.view addSubview:_stepper];//创建分栏控件对象_segControl = [[UISegmentedControl alloc] init];//宽度仍然不可改变_segControl.frame = CGRectMake(10, 200, 300, 40);//P1:按钮选项文字//P2:按钮的索引位置//P3:是否有插入的动画效果[_segControl insertSegmentWithTitle:@"ak" atIndex:0 animated:NO];[_segControl insertSegmentWithTitle:@"a1" atIndex:1 animated:NO];[_segControl insertSegmentWithTitle:@"a4" atIndex:2 animated:NO];_segControl.selectedSegmentIndex = 1;[self.view addSubview: self.segControl];[_segControl addTarget:self action:@selector(press1) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
}-(void) press
{NSLog(@"Value = %f", _stepper.value);
}-(void) press1
{NSLog(@"%ld", (long)self.segControl.selectedSegmentIndex);
}@end

效果图：
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

警告对话框和提示等待器

下面是几个将会用到的方法：

UIAlertController 中创建实例的指定初始化程序。该方法会创建具有特定标题、消息和首选样式的警报控制器。
alertControllerWithTitle:(nullable NSString *)title message:(nullable NSString *)message preferredStyle:(UIAlertControllerStyle)preferredStyle:

title:设置警告框的标题，如果无标题为nil；
message：在警告框中显示的内容，无内容的话设置为nil；
oreferredStyle：警告控制器的样式。可以是 UIAlertControllerStyleAlert 或UIAlertControllerStyleActionSheet。前者表示警告控制器以弹出方式显示，后者表示以滑出方式显示。

actionWithTitle是一个iOS开发中的方法，用于创建一个带有标题的动作按钮。
actionWithTitle:(NSString *)title style:(UIPreviewActionStyle)style handler:(void (^)(UIPreviewAction *action, UIViewController *previewViewController))handler:

title：操作的名称
style：操作的样式，有UIAlertActionStyleDefault,UIAlertActionStyleCancel, UIAlertActionStyleDestructive三种；

UIAlertActionStyleDefault:表示一个默认的操作，通常为白底蓝字
UIAlertActionStyleCancel:表示一个取消操作，字体通常会做加粗处理
UIAlertActionStyleDestructive:表示一个具有破坏性的操作，通常使用红字。

最后一部分表示执行动作将要执行的块

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController {//定义一个警告对话框视图对象UIAlertController* _elertView;//等待提示对象//当下载，或加载比较大的文件时，可以显示此控件，处于提示等待状态UIActivityIndicatorView* _activityIndicator;
}
@property (retain, nonatomic) UIAlertController* elertView;
@property (retain, nonatomic) UIActivityIndicatorView* activityIndicator;
@end

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController ()@end@implementation ViewController
//同步属性和成员变量
@synthesize elertView = _elertView;
@synthesize activityIndicator = _activityIndicator;- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];// Do any additional setup after loading the view.//通过for循环定义两个按钮for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {UIButton* btn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];btn.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100 + i * 100, 100, 40);if(i == 0) {[btn setTitle:@"警告对话框" forState:UIControlStateNormal];} else {[btn setTitle:@"等待提示器" forState:UIControlStateNormal];}btn.tag = 100 + i;[btn addTarget:self action:@selector(pressBtn:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];[self.view addSubview:btn];}
}-(void) pressBtn:(UIButton*) btn
{//创建警告对话框if(btn.tag == 100) {_elertView = [UIAlertController alertControllerWithTitle:@"警告" message:@"您的手机电量过低，即将关机" preferredStyle:UIAlertControllerStyleAlert];UIAlertAction* action01 = [UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"确认" style:UIAlertActionStyleDefault handler:^(UIAlertAction *action){/* 在这里编写执行该选项的代码*/}];UIAlertAction* action02 = [UIAlertAction actionWithTitle:@"取消" style:UIAlertActionStyleCancel handler:^(UIAlertAction *action){/* 在这里编写执行该选项的代码*/}];[_elertView addAction:action01];[_elertView addAction:action02];[self presentViewController:_elertView animated:YES completion:nil];} else if(btn.tag == 101) {//创建等待提示器//宽度和高度不可改变_activityIndicator = [[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 300, 80, 80)];//设定提示的风格_activityIndicator.activityIndicatorViewStyle = UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleMedium;//_activityIndicator.activityIndicatorViewStyle = UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleLarge;[self.view addSubview:_activityIndicator];//启动动画并显示[_activityIndicator startAnimating];//停止动画并隐藏//[_activityIndicator stopAnimating];}
}@end

效果图：
在这里插入图片描述

UITextField

UITextField控件

定义：
UITextField是 iOS 中的一个 UIKit 类，表示单行文本输入字段。它允许用户在应用程序中输入和编辑文本
下面通过代码来演示该程序：

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController <UITextFieldDelegate>
{UITextField* _textField;
}
@property (retain, nonatomic) UITextField* textField;@end

- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];// Do any additional setup after loading the view.self.textField = [[UITextField alloc] init];self.textField.frame = CGRectMake(100, 250, 200, 40);self.textField.text = @"用户名";//self.textField.textColor = [UIColor blueColor];//字体的大小self.textField.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:24 ];//字体边框的风格//UITextBorderStyleNone:无边框风格//UITextBorderStyleLine:线框风格//UITextBorderStyleBezel:Bezel风格//UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect:圆角风格self.textField.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;//设置虚拟键盘的风格//UIKeyboardTypeDefault:默认的风格//UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad:数字和字母结合的风格       //UIKeyboardTypePhonePad:纯数字风格self.textField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeDefault;//当text为空的时候，显示下面的文字self.textField.placeholder = @"请输入用户名...";//是否进行密码输入//YES：隐式输入内容//NO：显示输入内容（默认为NO）self.textField.secureTextEntry = NO;[self.view addSubview:self.textField];self.textField.delegate = self;
}

效果图：
在这里插入图片描述

UITextFieldDelegate协议

-(void) touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{[self.textField resignFirstResponder];NSLog(@"键盘已回收");
}- (void)textFieldDidBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField
{NSLog(@"开始输入了");
}- (void)textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField
{NSLog(@"结束编译了");
}- (BOOL)textFieldShouldBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField
{return YES;
}- (BOOL)textFieldShouldEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField
{return YES;
}

注意：必须在viewDidLoad中设置代理对象才能调用以上的函数

self.textField.delegate = self;

结果：
在这里插入图片描述

UIScrollView

UIScrollView实际上就是一个可以滚动的UIView，它可以左右滚动或者上下滚动。
UIScrollView支持平移（水平和垂直滚动）和缩放（捏合缩放）手势，允许用户导航和与内容交互。
UIScrollView可以根据开发人员的偏好自动缩放内容以适应可用空间或保持内容的原始大小。

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController <UIScrollViewDelegate>
{UIScrollView* _sv;
}@property (retain, nonatomic) UIScrollView* sv;
@end

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController ()@end@implementation ViewController
@synthesize sv=_sv;
- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];self.sv = [[UIScrollView alloc] init];self.sv.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 394, 852);//是否按照整页来滚动视图self.sv.pagingEnabled = NO;//是否可以开启滚动效果self.sv.scrollEnabled = YES;//设置画布的大小，画布显示在滚动视图内部，一般大于frame的大小self.sv.contentSize = CGSizeMake(394, 852 * 5);//是否可以边缘弹动效果self.sv.bounces = NO;//是否开启横向、纵向弹动效果self.sv.alwaysBounceHorizontal = YES;self.sv.alwaysBounceVertical = YES;//显示横向滚动条self.sv.showsHorizontalScrollIndicator = YES;//是否实现纵向滚动条self.sv.showsVerticalScrollIndicator = YES;self.sv.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];//添加图片进去for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {NSString* strName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.JPG", i + 1 ];UIImage* image = [UIImage imageNamed:strName];UIImageView* iView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:image];iView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 852 * i, 394, 852);[self.sv addSubview:iView];}//将当前视图控制器做为代理对象self.sv.delegate = self;[self.view addSubview:self.sv];
}
//当滚动视图移动时，只要offset坐标发生变化时，都会调用此函数
-(void) scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView
{NSLog(@"y = %f", scrollView.contentSize.width);
}@end

效果图：
在这里插入图片描述

布局子视图

我们可以手动或者自动布局子视图。

手动布局子视图

ViewController.h:

#import "ViewController.h"
#import "ViewSuper.h"@interface ViewController ()@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];ViewSuper* sView = [[ViewSuper alloc] init];sView.frame = CGRectMake(20, 20, 120, 200);sView.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];[sView createSubViews];[self.view addSubview: sView];UIButton* btn1 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];btn1.frame = CGRectMake(300, 480, 80, 40);[btn1 setTitle:@"放大" forState:UIControlStateNormal];[btn1 addTarget:self action:@selector(press1) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];[self.view addSubview: btn1];UIButton* btn2 = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];btn2.frame = CGRectMake(300, 580, 80, 40);[btn2 setTitle:@"缩小" forState:UIControlStateNormal];btn1.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 32];btn2.titleLabel.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize: 32];[btn2 addTarget:self action:@selector(press2) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];[self.view addSubview: btn2];sView.tag = 101;
}-(void) press1
{//放大父视图动画ViewSuper* sView = (ViewSuper*)[self.view viewWithTag:101];[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{sView.frame = CGRectMake(20, 20, 300, 500);}];
}-(void) press2
{//缩小父视图ViewSuper* sView = (ViewSuper*)[self.view viewWithTag:101];[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{sView.frame = CGRectMake(20, 20, 120, 200);}];
}@end

ViewSuper类

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN@interface ViewSuper : UIView
{UIView* _view1;UIView* _view2;UIView* _view3;UIView* _view4;
}-(void) createSubViews;
@end

#import "ViewSuper.h"@implementation ViewSuper- (void)createSubViews {//左上角视图_view1 = [[UIView alloc] init];_view1.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 40, 40);//右上角视图_view2 = [[UIView alloc] init];_view2.frame = CGRectMake(self.bounds.size.width - 40, 0, 40, 40);//右下角视图_view3 = [[UIView alloc] init];_view3.frame = CGRectMake(self.bounds.size.width - 40, self.bounds.size.height - 40, 40, 40);//左下角视图_view4 = [[UIView alloc] init];_view4.frame = CGRectMake(0, self.bounds.size.height - 40, 40, 40);_view1.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];_view2.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];_view3.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];_view4.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];[self addSubview: _view1];[self addSubview: _view2];[self addSubview: _view3];[self addSubview: _view4];
}- (void)layoutSubviews {[UIView animateWithDuration: 1.0 animations:^ {self->_view1.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 40, 40);self->_view2.frame = CGRectMake(self.bounds.size.width - 40, 0, 40, 40);self->_view3.frame = CGRectMake(self.bounds.size.width - 40, self.bounds.size.height - 40, 40, 40);self->_view4.frame = CGRectMake(0, self.bounds.size.height - 40, 40, 40);}];
}@end

效果图：
在这里插入图片描述
点击放大后：

自动布局子视图

自动布局子视图是通过UI自己提供的属性和方法来实现布局子视图。
autoresizingMask属性：这是一个 UIView 属性，允许当父视图的边界发生变化时，视图的大小和位置如何自动调整。
在这里插入图片描述

        [UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{self->_superView.frame = CGRectMake(10, 30, 300, 500);}];

这是一个类方法，允许为一个或多个视图的属性变化制作动画。第一个参数是指动画持续的时间，第二个参数此参数是一个包含将要动画化的代码的块（或闭包）。在此块中，您可以修改一个或多个视图的属性，并且这些更改将以动画形式呈现。

代码演示：

ViewController:

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController
{UIView* _superView;UILabel* _view1;UILabel* _view2;UILabel* _view3;UILabel* _view4;UIView* _viewCenter;
}@end

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController ()@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];_superView = [[UIView alloc] init];_superView.frame = CGRectMake(20, 50, 180, 300);_superView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];_view1 = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 40, 40)];_view1.text = @"1";_view1.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];_view2 = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(180-40, 0, 40, 40)];_view2.text = @"2";_view2.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentCenter;_view2.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];_view3 = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 300-40, 40, 40)];_view3.text = @"3";_view3.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];_view4 = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(180-40, 300-40, 40, 40)];_view4.text = @"4";_view4.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];[_superView addSubview:_view1];[_superView addSubview:_view2];[_superView addSubview:_view3];[_superView addSubview:_view4];_viewCenter = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, _superView.bounds.size.width, 40)];_viewCenter.center = CGPointMake(180/2, 300/2);_viewCenter.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];[_superView addSubview: _viewCenter];[self.view addSubview:_superView];_viewCenter.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth|UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleTopMargin|UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleBottomMargin;_view2.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleLeftMargin;_view3.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleTopMargin;_view4.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleTopMargin|UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleLeftMargin;
}
//每一次触摸屏幕后，就会放大或缩小屏幕
-(void) touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{static BOOL isLarge = NO;if(isLarge == NO) {[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{self->_superView.frame = CGRectMake(10, 30, 300, 500);}];} else {[UIView animateWithDuration:1.0 animations:^{self->_superView.frame = CGRectMake(20, 50, 180, 300);}];}isLarge = !isLarge;
}@end