分享一下通过D3实现的站点路线分布图,这是一个demo。效果图如下:
源码如下:
<template><div class="map-test" ref="d3Chart"><div class="tooltip" id="popup-element"><span>{{ text }}</span><i id="close-element" class="el-icon-close"></i></div><div class="mark" v-show="visible"></div></div>
</template><script>
import * as d3 from "d3";export default {name: "MapTest",components: {},data() {return {text: null,svgInstance: null, // d3元素实例popupInstance: null, // 弹窗实例visible: false,allData: [], // 全部点位数据allLineData: [], // 全部连线数据gsNamePointData: [], // 高速名称点位数据};},computed: {},methods: {createChart() {const width = window.innerWidth;const height = window.innerHeight;this.svgInstance = d3.select(this.$refs.d3Chart).append("svg").attr("width", width).attr("height", height).attr("viewBox", `0 0 ${width} ${height}`).attr("preserveAspectRatio", "xMidYMid slice");this.popupInstance = d3.select("#popup-element");const closeBtn = d3.select("#close-element");closeBtn.on("click", (event) => {this.popupInstance.transition().duration(300).style("opacity", 0) // 使弹窗逐渐透明.style("transform", "scale(0)"); // 缩小弹窗});// 全部点位信息const data = [{x: 500,y: 150,label: "湖州",code: 2117,source: 2117,target: 2115,type: "station",gsName: "申苏浙皖",},{x: 700,y: 150,label: "织里",code: 2115,source: 2115,target: 2113,type: "station",gsName: "申苏浙皖",},{x: 1200,y: 150,label: "南浔",code: 2113,source: 2113,target: null,type: "station",gsName: "申苏浙皖",},{x: 700,y: 350,label: "湖州东",code: 3233,source: 3233,target: 3231,type: "station",gsName: "申嘉湖",},{x: 1200,y: 350,label: "双林",code: 3231,source: 3231,target: 3229,type: "station",gsName: "申嘉湖",},{x: 1400,y: 350,label: "南浔南",code: 3229,source: 3229,target: null,type: "station",gsName: "申嘉湖",},{x: 700,y: 550,label: "钟管",code: 4049,source: 4049,target: 4051,type: "station",gsName: "杭绕西复线",},{x: 1200,y: 550,label: "新市西",code: 4051,source: 4051,target: 3206,type: "station",gsName: "杭绕西复线",},{x: 1350,y: 550,label: "新市枢纽",code: 3206,source: 3206,target: null,type: "station",gsName: "杭绕西复线",},{x: 800,y: 700,label: "雷甸",code: 3243,source: 3243,target: 3241,type: "station",gsName: "练杭",},{x: 1300,y: 700,label: "新安",code: 3241,source: 3241,target: 3239,type: "station",gsName: "练杭",},{x: 1500,y: 700,label: "新市",code: 3239,source: 3239,target: null,type: "station",gsName: "练杭",},{x: 900,y: 150,label: "织里枢纽",code: 5101,source: 5101,target: 5111,type: "hub",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 900,y: 210,label: "织里东",code: 5111,source: 5111,target: 5113,type: "hh-station",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 900,y: 280,label: "南浔西",code: 5113,source: 5113,target: 5102,type: "hh-station",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 900,y: 350,label: "双林枢纽",code: 5102,source: 5102,target: 5115,type: "hh-station",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 900,y: 410,label: "菱湖(分中心)",code: 5115,source: 5115,target: 5117,type: "hh-station",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 900,y: 480,label: "千金",code: 5117,source: 5117,target: 5103,type: "hh-station",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 900,y: 550,label: "士林枢纽",code: 5103,source: 5103,target: 5119,type: "hub",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 960,y: 620,label: "下舍",code: 5119,source: 5119,target: 5104,type: "hh-station",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 1050,y: 700,label: "新安枢纽",code: 5104,source: 5104,target: null,type: "hub",gsName: "沪杭高速",},];this.allData = data;const colorList = ["#409EFF","#67C23A","#E6A23C","#F56C6C","#909399",];// 获取“全部点位”连线数据this.allLineData = this.getLineData(data);const gsKeyToValue = [...new Set(data.map((ele) => ele.gsName))];// 高速名称数据gsKeyToValue.forEach((ele, index) => {const line = this.allLineData.filter((item) => item.gsName === ele);if (line.length > 0) {this.drawLine(this.svgInstance,line,index,colorList[index]);}const gsPointList = this.allData.filter((item) => item.gsName === ele);const len = gsPointList.length;if (len >= 2) {this.gsNamePointData.push(this.calculateGSNamePosition(gsPointList[len - 1],gsPointList[len - 2],ele));} else if (len == 1) {this.gsNamePointData.push(this.calculateGSNamePosition(gsPointList[len - 1],gsPointList[len - 1],ele));}});// 画“全部点位”this.drawPoint(this.svgInstance, data);// 画“收费站名称”this.drawPointText(this.svgInstance,data,"label",0,-25,40,-10);// 画“收费站编码”this.drawPointText(this.svgInstance, data, "code", 0, -25, 40, 6);this.drawPointText(this.svgInstance,this.gsNamePointData,"label",0,-25,0,30,'#000',20,'bold');},/*** 通过判断type返回目标图片的地址* @param {String} type 图片类型* @returns {String} url 目标图片的地址*/setImgUrl(type) {let url;switch (type) {case "gantry":url = require("../../../assets/equipmentIcon.png");break;case "station":url = require("../../../assets/dataIcon.png");break;case "hub":url = require("../../../assets/userIcon.png");break;case "hh-station":url = require("../../../assets/homeIcon.png");break;}return url;},/*** 画点* @param {Object} svg d3实例* @param {Array} pointData 点位数据* @param {String} type 点位类型* @returns {void} 无返回值*/drawPoint(svg, pointData) {// 根据类型设置图标地址svg.selectAll(".point").data(pointData).enter().append("image").attr("class", (d) => {return `.point-${d.type}`;}).attr("id", (d) => {return `id-${d.code}`;}).attr("x", (d) => d.x - 20).attr("y", (d) => d.y - 20).attr("width", 40).attr("height", 40).attr("href", (d) => {return this.setImgUrl(d.type);}).attr("r", 8).on("mouseover", (event, d) => {this.visible = true;// 置灰“当前节点非相关节点”的文本svg.selectAll("text").classed("opacity-1", true);// 高亮“当前节点相关节点”的文本svg.selectAll("text").filter((n) => n.gsName == d.gsName).classed("opacity-10", true);// 置灰“当前节点非相关节点”的图标svg.selectAll("image").classed("opacity-1", true);// 高亮“当前节点相关节点”的图标svg.selectAll("image").filter((n) => n.gsName == d.gsName).classed("opacity-10", true);// 置灰“当前节点非相关节点”的连线svg.selectAll("line").classed("opacity-1", true);// 高亮“当前节点相关节点”的连线const ele = svg.selectAll("line").filter((l) => l.gsName === d.gsName);// 设置初始状态ele.classed("opacity-10", true).style("stroke-dasharray", "25, 25").style("stroke-dashoffset", 0);// 启动流水效果function startAnimation() {const length = 1000;ele.style("stroke-dasharray", "25,25") // 设置虚线的总长度.style("stroke-dashoffset", length) // 设置初始的偏移量.transition() // 创建过渡动画.duration(10000) // 设置动画时长.ease(d3.easeLinear) // 使用线性过渡.style("stroke-dashoffset", 0) // 让偏移量为 0,从而产生流水效果.on("end", startAnimation); // 动画结束时递归调用}// 启动动画startAnimation();}).on("mouseout", (event, d) => {this.visible = false;// 置灰节点的文本svg.selectAll("text").classed("opacity-1", false);svg.selectAll("text").filter((n) => n.gsName == d.gsName).classed("opacity-10", false);// 置灰节点的图标svg.selectAll("image").filter((n) => n.gsName == d.gsName).classed("opacity-10", false);svg.selectAll("image").classed("opacity-1", false);// 置灰节点间的连线,停止动画svg.selectAll("line").classed("opacity-1", false);svg.selectAll("line").filter((l) => l.gsName === d.gsName).classed("opacity-10", false).style("stroke-dasharray", "0,0").interrupt();});},/*** 画“点文字”* @param {Object} svg d3实例* @param {Array} pointData 点位数据* @param {String} property 展示文字的属性* @param {Number} x 横向(x轴)偏移量* @param {Number} y 纵向(y轴)偏移量* @param {Number} dx 文本之间的间距* @param {Number} dy 文本之间的间距* @param {String} color 文本之间的间距* @param {Number} fontSize 文字大小* @param {Number} fontWeight 文字加粗* @returns {void} 无返回值*/drawPointText(svg,pointData,property,x = 0,y = 0,dx = 0,dy = 0,color = "#000",fontSize = 14,fontWeight = 400,) {svg.selectAll(`.text-${property}`).data(pointData).enter().append("text").attr("class", `.text-${property}`).attr("x", (d) => d.x + x + dx).attr("y", (d) => d.y + y).attr("text-anchor", "middle").attr("fill", color).attr("font-size", fontSize).attr("font-weight", fontWeight).append("tspan").attr("x", (d) => d.x + dx).attr("dy", dy).text((d) => d[property]);},/**** @param {Object} svg d3实例* @param {Array} linkData 点位连接数据* @param {String} lineName 线名称* @param {String} lineColor 线名称* @returns {void} 无返回值*/drawLine(svg, linkData, lineName, lineColor) {svg.selectAll(`.line-${lineName}`).data(linkData).enter().append("line").attr("class", `.line-${lineName}`).attr("x1", (d) => d.source.x).attr("y1", (d) => d.source.y).attr("x2", (d) => d.target.x).attr("y2", (d) => d.target.y).style("stroke", lineColor).style("stroke-width", 10) // 设置线条宽度.style("stroke-linecap", "square") // 设置端点样式.style("stroke-linejoin", "round"); // 设置连接点样式},/*** 获取连线数据* @param {Array} linkData 点位连接数据* @returns {void} 无返回值*/getLineData(linkData) {const res = [];// 创建一个站点代码与站点对象的映射const stationMap = linkData.reduce((map, station) => {map[station.code] = station;return map;}, {});// 遍历原始的站点列表来构建最终的结果for (let i = 0; i < linkData.length; i++) {const currentStation = linkData[i];const targetCode = currentStation.target;// 如果目标站点存在if (targetCode && stationMap[targetCode]) {const targetStation = stationMap[targetCode];// 创建一个新的对象,将source和target配对res.push({source: currentStation,target: targetStation,gsName: currentStation.gsName,});// 标记该站点的目标站点为null,防止重复配对stationMap[targetCode] = null;}}return res;},/*** 通过倒数前两个点位计算高速名称的点位数据* @param {Object} lastOne 倒数第一个点位* @param {Object} lastTwo 倒数第二个点位* @param {String} label 高速名称* @param {Number} distance 距离* @returns {Object} 高速点位*/calculateGSNamePosition(lastOne, lastTwo, label, distance = 100) {// 计算lastOne到lastTwo的向量const vx = lastOne.x - lastTwo.x;const vy = lastOne.y - lastTwo.y;// 计算lastOne到lastTwo的距离const dist = Math.sqrt(vx * vx + vy * vy);// 计算单位向量const unitX = vx / dist;const unitY = vy / dist;// 根据单位向量计算a3的位置,a3距离lastOne的横纵坐标都为200const a3X = lastOne.x + unitX * distance;const a3Y = lastOne.y + unitY * distance;// 返回a3的位置return { x: a3X, y: a3Y, label, gsName: label };},},created() {},mounted() {this.createChart();},
};
</script><style lang="less">
.map-test {height: 100%;width: 100%;overflow: hidden;cursor: pointer;position: relative;svg {width: 100%;height: 100%;cursor: pointer;}.tooltip {position: absolute;width: 200px;height: 40px;background-color: pink;z-index: 9;transform: scale(0);font-size: 20px;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;opacity: 0;transition: opacity 0.5s ease, transform 0.5s ease;.el-icon-close {position: absolute;top: 0;right: 0;font-size: 16px;}}.opacity-10 {opacity: 1!important;}.opacity-2 {opacity: 0.2;}.opacity-1 {opacity: 0.1;}.mark {position: absolute;top: 0;left: 0;height: 100%;width: 100%;background: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);z-index: -1;}
}
</style>
D3 官网:https://d3js.org/
D3 API地址:https://d3js.org/api
功能描述:
- 画点、画线、画文本内容
- 鼠标悬浮点位,高亮关联点位、文本及其高速公路名称
- 鼠标悬浮展示动态流水线效果
- 弹窗效果已包含,未在demo中展示
数据分析:
当前数据是前端mock数据,后续应用在实际项目中需要后端给到的数据格式是:
- 每个点位中需要有相对位置坐标,前端根据视口范围计算,展示点位
- 点位需要包含类型,来判断展示对应的图表(门架、站点、枢纽等)
- 点位需要包含指向关系,作用是用来画连接线
- 点位需要包含高速名称,用于展示高速名称标识
- 点位必须按照顺序返回,否则连线会比较乱,视觉体验差
注意:
- 高速公路名称是根据
calculateGSNamePosition函数
计算的出来的
后端返回的数据样例:
// x,y代表坐标
// label: 名称
// source:源
// target:指向目标
// type:类型
const data = {'沪杭高速': [{x: 900,y: 150,label: "织里枢纽",code: 5101,source: 5101,target: 5111,type: "hub",},{x: 900,y: 210,label: "织里东",code: 5111,source: 5111,target: 5113,type: "station",},],
};// x,y代表坐标
// label: 名称
// source:源
// target:指向目标
// type:类型
// gsName:高速名称
const data1 = [{x: 900,y: 150,label: "织里枢纽",code: 5101,source: 5101,target: 5111,type: "hub",gsName: "沪杭高速",},{x: 900,y: 210,label: "织里东",code: 5111,source: 5111,target: 5113,type: "station",gsName: "沪杭高速",},
];