这里写目录标题
- 1.创建项目文件
- 二.爬虫文件编写
- 三.管道存储
- 四.settings文件
1.创建项目文件
创建scrapy项目的命令:scrapy startproject <项目名字>
示例:
scrapy startproject myspider
scrapy genspider <爬虫名字> <允许爬取的域名>
cd myspider
scrapy genspider itcast itcast.cn
二.爬虫文件编写
import time
import scrapy
from ..items import ChinanewsItem
s=1
class NewsSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = 'news'allowed_domains = []start_urls = ['https://cms.offshoremedia.net/front/list/latest?pageNum=1&pageSize=15&siteId=694841922577108992&channelId=780811183157682176']def parse(self, response):#print(response)global sres=response.json()for i in res["info"]["list"]:try:newurl = i["contentStaticPage"]#print(newurl)yield scrapy.Request(url=newurl,callback=self.datas,cb_kwargs={'newurl': newurl},dont_filter=True)except Exception as e:print(f"Failed to process URL {i['contentStaticPage']}: {str(e)}")s=s+1if s<1000:print(s)url=f'https://cms.offshoremedia.net/front/list/latest?pageNum={str(s)}&pageSize=15&siteId=694841922577108992&channelId=780811183157682176'#print(url)yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)def datas(self,response,newurl):print(response)item=ChinanewsItem()id = newurl.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]clas = newurl.split('/')[5]title = response.xpath(f'//*[@id="{id}"]/text()')[0]title=title.get()timee = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/span[1]/i/text()')[0]now = int(timee.get())timeArray = time.localtime(now / 1000)otherStyleTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", timeArray)Released = "发布时间:" + otherStyleTimeimgurl = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]//img/@src')imgurl=imgurl.getall()if imgurl == []:imgurl = "无图片"Imageannotations = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[4]/div/p/b/text()') # b标签含有图片来源Imageannotations = Imageannotations.getall()Imageannotationstrue = []for i in Imageannotations:if "图片来源" in i:Imageannotationstrue.append(i)if Imageannotationstrue == []:Imageannotationstrue = "无图片注释"texts = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[4]/div/p[@style="text-indent:2em;"]//text()')texts=texts.getall()text = [item for item in texts if item.strip()]# print(imgurl,Imageannotations)if len(text) > 1:summary = text[0]del text[0]body = ""for i in text:body = body + '\n' + ielse:summary = []body = []if body!=[]:item["list"]=[id, clas, title, otherStyleTime, Released, str(imgurl), str(Imageannotationstrue), summary,body, newurl]yield itemelse:id = newurl.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]clas = newurl.split('/')[5]title = response.xpath(f'//*[@id="{id}"]/text()')[0]title=title.get()timee = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/span[1]/i/text()')[0]now = int(timee.get())timeArray = time.localtime(now / 1000)otherStyleTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", timeArray)Released = "发布时间:" + otherStyleTimeimgurl = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]//img/@src')imgurl=imgurl.getall()if imgurl == []:imgurl = "无图片"Imageannotations = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[4]/div/p/b/text()') # b标签含有图片来源Imageannotations= Imageannotations.getall()Imageannotationstrue = []for i in Imageannotations:if "图片来源" in i:Imageannotationstrue.append(i)if Imageannotationstrue == []:Imageannotationstrue = "无图片注释"text = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[4]/div/p/span/text()')text= text.getall()try:summary = response.xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[4]/p/text()')[0]summary = summary.get()except:summary=[]item["list"]= [id, clas, title, otherStyleTime, Released, str(imgurl), str(Imageannotationstrue), summary,str(text), newurl]yield item
起始url为’https://cms.offshoremedia.net/front/list/latest?pageNum=1&pageSize=15&siteId=694841922577108992&channelId=780811183157682176’
1.返回的数据为此页每个新闻的详细页面信息获取后将数据传递给parse()函数
2.parse()函数对数据进行提取提取出新闻页详细url然后发送请求并将结果交给datas()
yield scrapy.Request(url=newurl,callback=self.datas,cb_kwargs={'newurl': newurl},dont_filter=True)
3.datas()通过xpath对信息进行提取然后将数据提交给管道*
4.s=s+1更新url实现自动翻页然后通过yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)将数据重新回调给parse()进入循环
三.管道存储
传统的同步数据库操作可能会导致Scrapy爬虫阻塞,等待数据库操作完成。而adbapi允许Scrapy以异步的方式与数据库进行交互。这意味着Scrapy可以在等待数据库操作完成的同时继续执行其他任务,如抓取更多的网页或解析数据。这种异步处理方式极大地提高了Scrapy的运行效率和性能,使得项目能够更快地处理大量数据。
import logging
from twisted.enterprise import adbapi
import pymysql
class ChinanewsPipeline2:def __init__(self):self.dbpool = adbapi.ConnectionPool('pymysql',host='127.0.0.1',user='root',password='root',port=3306,database='news',)def process_item(self, item, spider):self.dbpool.runInteraction(self._do_insert, item["list"])def _do_insert(self, txn, list):sql = """INSERT INTO untitled (id, clas, title, otherStyleTime, Released, imgurl, Imageannotations, summary, body, url) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)"""# txn是一个事务对象,用于执行SQL语句try:txn.execute(sql, tuple(list))except pymysql.err.IntegrityError:# 处理重复键错误,例如记录日志或忽略print(f"Duplicate entry for id {list[0]}, skipping...")
四.settings文件
# Scrapy settings for chinanews project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'chinanews'
LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['chinanews.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'chinanews.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'chinanews (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 100# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 150
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 150# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'User-Agent':
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/126.0.0.0',
'Origin':
'https://www.oushinet.com',
'Referer':
'https://www.oushinet.com/',
'Content-Type':
'application/json;charset=UTF-8'
}# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'chinanews.middlewares.ChinanewsSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'chinanews.middlewares.ChinanewsDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {#'chinanews.pipelines.ChinanewsPipeline': 300,
'chinanews.pipelines.ChinanewsPipeline2': 200
}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'