本项目所用到的技术有:
OpenCV
Python的一些库:sys,openpyxl,numpy,PyQt5,PIL
本文可以做一些课程设计的项目
本文为作者原创,转载请注明出处,如果需要完整的代码,可以关注我私信
上面是用到的样例图片,一张小青桔
首先对小青桔进行图像的矫正,利用仿射变化找M矩阵
import numpy as np
import cv2
import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pddef get4points(img: np.ndarray, thed, n):# 灰度和二值化gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)ret, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, thed, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)# 搜索轮廓contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(binary,cv2.RETR_LIST,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)len_list = []for i in range(len(contours)):len_list.append(len(contours[i])) sy = np.argsort(np.array(len_list))[-n]# 寻找顶点sum_list = []dif_list = []for i in contours[sy]:sum = i[0][0]+i[0][1]sum_list.append(sum)dif_list.append(i[0][0]-i[0][1])id_lb = np.argsort(np.array(sum_list))id_lb2 = np.argsort(np.array(dif_list))lu_id , rd_id = id_lb[0], id_lb[-1]ld_id , ru_id = id_lb2[0], id_lb2[-1]points = np.array([contours[sy][lu_id][0], contours[sy][rd_id][0],contours[sy][ld_id][0], contours[sy][ru_id][0]])return points, contours, sy
def order_points(pts):# 初始化坐标点rect = np.zeros((4, 2), dtype = "float32")# 获取左上角和右下角坐标点s = pts.sum(axis = 1)rect[0] = pts[np.argmin(s)]rect[2] = pts[np.argmax(s)]# 分别计算左上角和右下角的离散差值diff = np.diff(pts, axis = 1)rect[1] = pts[np.argmin(diff)]rect[3] = pts[np.argmax(diff)]return rectdef four_point_transform(image, pts):# 获取坐标点,并将它们分离开来rect = order_points(pts)(tl, tr, br, bl) = rect# 计算新图片的宽度值,选取水平差值的最大值widthA = np.sqrt(((br[0] - bl[0]) ** 2) + ((br[1] - bl[1]) ** 2))widthB = np.sqrt(((tr[0] - tl[0]) ** 2) + ((tr[1] - tl[1]) ** 2))maxWidth = max(int(widthA), int(widthB))# 计算新图片的高度值,选取垂直差值的最大值heightA = np.sqrt(((tr[0] - br[0]) ** 2) + ((tr[1] - br[1]) ** 2))heightB = np.sqrt(((tl[0] - bl[0]) ** 2) + ((tl[1] - bl[1]) ** 2))maxHeight = max(int(heightA), int(heightB))# 构建新图片的4个坐标点dst = np.array([[0, 0],[maxWidth - 1, 0],[maxWidth - 1, maxHeight - 1],[0, maxHeight - 1]], dtype="float32")# 获取仿射变换矩阵并应用它M = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(rect, dst)# 进行仿射变换warped = cv2.warpPerspective(image, M, (maxWidth, maxHeight))# 返回变换后的结果return warpeddef show_cmp_img(original_img, transform_img):_, axes = plt.subplots(1, 2)# 显示图像axes[0].imshow(original_img)axes[1].imshow(transform_img)# 设置子标题axes[0].set_title("original image")axes[1].set_title("transform image")plt.show() # 读取图片
image = cv2.imread('D:/Pythonstudy/deeplearning/picture/8.jpg')
points, _, _ = get4points(image, 127, 1)
# 获取原始的坐标点
pts = np.array(points, dtype="float32")
# 对原始图片进行变换
warped = four_point_transform(image, pts)
show_cmp_img(image, warped)
现在对图片进行形态学处理,利用腐蚀,膨胀得到小青桔
# 灰度图
gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(warped,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 高斯
gauss_img = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray_img,(7,7),1.4)
# 二值图
ret,thresh1 = cv2.threshold(gauss_img, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8)
# 腐蚀膨胀
erode = cv2.dilate(thresh1,kernel,iterations = 17)
erode = cv2.erode(erode,kernel,iterations = 13)
# 边缘检测
v1 = cv2.Canny(erode,ret/2,ret)
找到所有的轮廓
contours,hierarchy = cv2.findContours(v1, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)
画出所有轮廓的外接矩阵
test_img = warped.copy()
contour_area_dict = {}
rect_area = list()
for i in range(len(contours)):x,y,w,h = cv2.boundingRect(contours[i])area = w*hrect_area.append(area)cv2.rectangle(test_img,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(255,0,0),3)contour_area_dict[i]=area
max_contour_ori = max(contour_area_dict,key = contour_area_dict.get)
print(rect_area)
print(contour_area_dict)
print(max_contour_ori)
plt.imshow(test_img)
利用圆形度+最大面积两种方法结合找到位置
对这一部分进行解释:首先比较轮廓与圆的相似度,认为接近圆的就是小青桔,然后对这个轮廓的面积进行判断,如果其过于小(小于四周正方形的面积)则认为这个轮廓不对,找错了位置,此时利用最大面积求解(所有轮廓的面积最大的就认为是小青桔)
# 容差
circularity_threshold = 0.5
img= warped.copy()
yuan_contour_list = list()
for contour in contours: # 计算轮廓的面积和周长 area = cv2.contourArea(contour) print(area)perimeter = cv2.arcLength(contour, True) # 计算圆形度,注意这里乘以4*np.pi是为了归一化 circularity = (4 * np.pi * area) / (perimeter ** 2) # 筛选圆形度接近1的轮廓 if abs(1 - circularity) < circularity_threshold: print(cv2.contourArea(contour))yuan_contour_list.append(contour)
print("接近圆形的个数%d"%len(yuan_contour_list))
test_2 = cv2.drawContours(warped.copy(),yuan_contour_list , -1, (0, 255, 0), 4)
plt.imshow(test_2)
max_area = yuan_contour_list[0]
for i in yuan_contour_list:if(cv2.contourArea(i) > cv2.contourArea(max_area)):max_area = i
print(cv2.contourArea(max_area))
if(cv2.contourArea(max_area)<117899):max_area = contours[max_contour_ori]
确定之后画出外接矩形
cv2.drawContours(img, [max_area], -1, (0, 255, 0), 2)
x,y,w,h = cv2.boundingRect(max_area)
img_wj = cv2.rectangle(img,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(255,0,0),3)
plt.imshow(img_wj)
此时基本的代码已经完成,然后对代码进行设计,设计可视化的窗口
由于篇幅限制,可视化界面的代码没有贴上来,如果有需要的可以关注后找我要,可以直接私信。