DDL
CREATE TABLE Users (user_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '用户ID',username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '用户名',password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '密码',gender ENUM('男', '女') NOT NULL COMMENT '性别',email VARCHAR(100) UNIQUE COMMENT '邮箱'
);CREATE TABLE Roles (role_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '角色ID',role_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE COMMENT '角色名称'
);CREATE TABLE UserRoles (user_id INT COMMENT '用户ID',role_id INT COMMENT '角色ID',PRIMARY KEY (user_id, role_id),FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES Users(user_id),FOREIGN KEY (role_id) REFERENCES Roles(role_id)
);CREATE TABLE Projects (project_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '项目ID',project_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '项目名称',project_description TEXT COMMENT '项目描述',principal_investigator_id INT COMMENT '主研人ID',start_date DATE NOT NULL COMMENT '开始日期',end_date DATE NOT NULL COMMENT '结束日期',status ENUM('申请中', '审批中', '执行中', '结题') NOT NULL COMMENT '项目状态',FOREIGN KEY (principal_investigator_id) REFERENCES Users(user_id)
);CREATE TABLE Funds (fund_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '资金ID',project_id INT NOT NULL COMMENT '项目ID',source VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '资金来源',amount DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL COMMENT '资金金额',FOREIGN KEY (project_id) REFERENCES Projects(project_id)
);CREATE TABLE Achievements (achievement_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '成果ID',project_id INT NOT NULL COMMENT '项目ID',achievement_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '成果名称',achievement_type ENUM('论文', '专利', '获奖', '其他') NOT NULL COMMENT '成果类型',description TEXT COMMENT '成果描述',FOREIGN KEY (project_id) REFERENCES Projects(project_id)
);CREATE TABLE ProjectLogs (log_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '日志ID',project_id INT NOT NULL COMMENT '项目ID',user_id INT NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',log_date DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '日志日期',log_content TEXT NOT NULL COMMENT '日志内容',FOREIGN KEY (project_id) REFERENCES Projects(project_id),FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES Users(user_id)
);
DML
INSERT INTO Roles (role_name) VALUES
('管理员'),
('项目负责人'),
('项目成员');
INSERT INTO Users (username, password, gender, email) VALUES
('诸葛亮', '123', '男', 'zhugeliang@example.com'),
('孙悟空', '123', '男', 'sunwukong@example.com'),
('林黛玉', '123', '女', 'lindaiyu@example.com');
INSERT INTO UserRoles (user_id, role_id) VALUES
(1, 1), -- 诸葛亮是管理员
(2, 2), -- 孙悟空是项目负责人
(2, 3), -- 孙悟空也是项目成员
(3, 3); -- 林黛玉是项目成员
INSERT INTO Projects (project_name, project_description, principal_investigator_id, start_date, end_date, status) VALUES
('三国历史研究项目', '研究三国历史背景', 1, '2023-01-01', '2023-12-31', '执行中'),
('西游记文化研究', '探究西游记的文学价值', 2, '2023-02-01', '2024-01-31', '申请中'),
('红楼梦解读', '分析红楼梦的深层含义', 2, '2023-03-01', '2023-11-30', '审批中');
INSERT INTO Funds (project_id, source, amount) VALUES
(1, '国家社会科学基金', 50000.00),
(2, '企业赞助', 30000.00),
(3, '学校科研基金', 45000.00),
(1, '地方政府资助', 20000.00); -- 同一个项目可以有多个经费来源
INSERT INTO Achievements (project_id, achievement_name, achievement_type, description) VALUES
(1, '三国历史研究报告', '论文', '详细分析了三国时期的历史事件'),
(2, '西游记文化解读', '论文', '深入探讨了西游记的文化内涵'),
(3, '红楼梦人物分析', '论文', '对红楼梦中的主要人物进行了深入剖析'),
(2, '西游记新发现', '专利', '发现了西游记中的新文学元素'); -- 同一个项目可以有多个成果
INSERT INTO ProjectLogs (project_id, user_id, log_date, log_content) VALUES
(1, 1, '2023-01-10 10:00:00', '项目启动会议召开'),
(2, 2, '2023-02-15 15:30:00', '提交项目申请书至学院'),
(3, 3, '2023-03-20 09:45:00', '开始收集红楼梦相关资料'),
(1, 1, '2023-04-01 14:15:00', '第一阶段研究成果汇报');
ER图
ER图
模型图
简单查询
一、查询用户信息,仅显示用户的姓名与项目名称,用中文显示列名
SELECT DISTINCTu.username AS 用户名,p.project_name AS 项目名称
FROMUsers u
JOINProjects p ON u.user_id = p.principal_investigator_id;
二、根据项目名称进行模糊查询,模糊查询要进行索引,需要给出explain语句
EXPLAIN SELECT project_id, project_name
FROM Projects
WHERE project_name LIKE '%三国%';
三、统计用户的项目信息,查询所有用户的项目数量,并进行倒序排列
SELECT u.username AS 用户名,COUNT(p.project_id) AS 项目数量
FROM Users u
LEFT JOIN Projects p ON u.user_id = p.principal_investigator_id
GROUP BY u.user_id, u.username
ORDER BY 项目数量 DESC;
复杂查询
一、查询用户的基本信息,项目信息
SELECT u.user_id,u.username,u.gender,u.email,p.project_id,p.project_name,p.project_description,p.start_date,p.end_date,p.status
FROM Users u
LEFT JOIN Projects p ON u.user_id = p.principal_investigator_id;
二、查看项目中项目阶段最多的项目对应的类型
SELECT p.project_name,p.status
FROM Projects p
WHERE (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Projects p2 WHERE p2.status = p.status) = (SELECT MAX(cnt) FROM (SELECT status, COUNT(*) as cnt FROM Projects GROUP BY status) as subquery);
三、查询项目最多的用户,并且查询用户的全部信息与当前项目阶段
SET @MostProjectsUserId = (SELECT principal_investigator_idFROM ProjectsGROUP BY principal_investigator_idORDER BY COUNT(*) DESCLIMIT 1
);SELECT u.*,p.project_id,p.project_name,p.status AS current_project_status
FROM Users u
JOIN Projects p ON u.user_id = p.principal_investigator_id
WHERE u.user_id = @MostProjectsUserId;
触发器
触发器一:项目状态更新时记录日志
DELIMITER $$
CREATE TRIGGER trg_after_project_status_update
AFTER UPDATE ON Projects
FOR EACH ROW
BEGINIF NEW.status <> OLD.status THENINSERT INTO ProjectLogs (project_id, user_id, log_date, log_content)VALUES (NEW.project_id, @CURRENT_USER_ID, NOW(), '项目状态已更新');END IF;
END;
$$
DELIMITER ;
触发器二:用户角色变更时记录日志
DELIMITER $$
CREATE TRIGGER trg_after_fund_insert
AFTER INSERT ON Funds
FOR EACH ROW
BEGININSERT INTO ProjectLogs (project_id, user_id, log_date, log_content)VALUES (NEW.project_id, @CURRENT_USER_ID, NOW(), CONCAT('项目获得资金:', NEW.source, ',金额为:', NEW.amount));
END;
$$
DELIMITER ;
触发器三:用户角色变更时记录日志
CREATE TABLE UserRoleLogs (log_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '日志ID',user_id INT NOT NULL COMMENT '用户ID',old_role_id INT COMMENT '旧角色ID',new_role_id INT COMMENT '新角色ID',log_date DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '日志日期',log_content TEXT COMMENT '日志内容',FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES Users(user_id),FOREIGN KEY (old_role_id) REFERENCES Roles(role_id),FOREIGN KEY (new_role_id) REFERENCES Roles(role_id)
);DELIMITER $$
CREATE TRIGGER trg_after_user_role_change
AFTER INSERT ON UserRoles
FOR EACH ROW
BEGINDECLARE old_role_name VARCHAR(50);DECLARE new_role_name VARCHAR(50);SELECT role_name INTO new_role_name FROM Roles WHERE role_id = NEW.role_id;IF new_role_name IS NOT NULL THENINSERT INTO UserRoleLogs (user_id, new_role_id, log_date, log_content)VALUES (NEW.user_id, NEW.role_id, NOW(), CONCAT('用户', NEW.user_id, '被赋予了新角色:', new_role_name));END IF;
END;
$$
DELIMITER ;
存储过程
存储过程 1: 分配用户角色
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE AssignUserRole(IN userId INT, IN roleName VARCHAR(50))
BEGINDECLARE roleId INT;DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET @errorMsg = 'Role not found.';SELECT role_id INTO roleId FROM Roles WHERE role_name = roleName;IF roleId IS NULL THENSIGNAL SQLSTATE '45000' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = @errorMsg;END IF;IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM UserRoles WHERE user_id = userId AND role_id = roleId) THENINSERT INTO UserRoles (user_id, role_id) VALUES (userId, roleId);END IF;SELECT 'Role assigned successfully.' AS message;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
存储过程 2: 更新项目状态并记录日志
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateProjectStatus(IN projectId INT, IN newStatus ENUM('申请中', '审批中', '执行中', '结题'))
BEGINDECLARE OLD_STATUS ENUM('申请中', '审批中', '执行中', '结题');SELECT status INTO OLD_STATUS FROM Projects WHERE project_id = projectId;UPDATE Projects SET status = newStatus WHERE project_id = projectId;INSERT INTO ProjectLogs (project_id, user_id, log_date, log_content)VALUES (projectId, USER(), NOW(), CONCAT('Project status changed from ', OLD_STATUS, ' to ', newStatus));SELECT 'Project status updated successfully.' AS message;
END $$
DELIMITER ;
存储过程 3: 分配项目资金并检查预算
ALTER TABLE Projects ADD total_budget DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '项目总预算';
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE AllocateProjectFunds(IN p_project_id INT,IN p_source VARCHAR(100),IN p_amount DECIMAL(10, 2)
)
BEGINDECLARE v_total_budget DECIMAL(10, 2);DECLARE v_allocated_funds DECIMAL(10, 2);SELECT total_budget INTO v_total_budget FROM Projects WHERE project_id = p_project_id;SELECT SUM(amount) INTO v_allocated_funds FROM Funds WHERE project_id = p_project_id;IF v_total_budget >= (v_allocated_funds + p_amount) THENINSERT INTO Funds (project_id, source, amount) VALUES (p_project_id, p_source, p_amount);INSERT INTO ProjectLogs (project_id, user_id, log_date, log_content)VALUES (p_project_id, USER(), NOW(),CONCAT('资金已成功分配给项目', p_project_id, ',金额:', p_amount, ',来源:', p_source));SELECT '资金分配成功' AS message;ELSESELECT '预算不足,无法分配资金' AS message;END IF;
END $$
DELIMITER ;