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授予表级别权限
授予列级别权限
如何给MySQL表和列授予权限是MySQL数据操作中非常重要的步骤,也是企业级使用MySQL数据库的起步点,以下分别参照官方教程整理的MySQL数据库的权限操作。
以下的语句可以直接使用MySQL的命令行进行操作(如何连接命令行不在此处说明),也可以使用SQL开发工具如MySQL Workbench或SQLynx等完成。
授予表级别权限
您可以通过执行以下操作在 MySQL 中创建具有表级权限的用户:
1. 使用 Create_user_priv 和 Grant_priv 以用户身份连接到 MySQL。通过运行以下查询确定哪些用户具有这些权限。您的用户已经需要 MySQL.user 上的 SELECT 权限才能运行查询。
SELECT User, Host, Super_priv, Create_user_priv, Grant_priv from mysql.user WHERE Create_user_priv = 'Y' AND Grant_Priv = 'Y';
2. 运行以下查询来为受限用户生成 GRANT 语句。将“mydatabase”、“myuser”和“myhost”替换为您的数据库的特定信息。
请注意,myuser 和 mypassword 周围的引号是两个单引号,而不是双引号。myhost 和 TABLE_NAME 周围的字符是反引号(该键位于键盘上的 Esc 键下方)。
SELECT CONCAT('GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`', TABLE_NAME, '` to ''myuser''@`myhost`;')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'mydatabase';
例如,如果您想使用 chartio_connect 客户端将用户“chartio_read_only”连接到您的“报告”数据库,您可以运行以下命令:
SELECT CONCAT('GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`', TABLE_NAME, '` to ''chartio_read_only''@`localhost`;')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Reports';
如果您想使用来自 Chartio 服务器的直接连接将用户“chartio_direct_connect”连接到您的“Analytics”数据库,您可以运行以下命令:
SELECT CONCAT('GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON Analytics.`', TABLE_NAME, '` to ''chartio_direct_connect''@`52.6.1.1`;')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Analytics';
3. 查询结果应类似以下内容:
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Activity` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Marketing` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Operations` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Payments` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Plans` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Services` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Subscriptions` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Users` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Visitors` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
4. 仅选择您想要授予访问权限的表的语句并运行这些查询。例如,如果我们只想授予对用户和访问者表的访问权限,我们将运行:
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Users` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
GRANT SELECT, SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`Visitors` to 'myuser'@`myhost`;
5. 为用户提供一个安全的密码。
SET PASSWORD FOR 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost` = PASSWORD('top$secret');
或者
SET PASSWORD FOR 'chartio_direct_connect'@`52.6.1.1` = PASSWORD('top$secret');
现在您可以安全地使用此用户访问您的数据库,并确保它只对指定的表具有权限。
授予列级别权限
授予特定表的列级权限的过程与授予表级权限的过程非常相似。
1. 使用以下查询生成列级权限的 GRANT 语句:
SELECTCONCAT('GRANT SELECT (`', COLUMN_NAME, '`), SHOW VIEW ON mydatabase.`', TABLE_NAME, '` to ''myuser''@`myhost`;')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'mydatabase' AND TABLE_NAME = 'mytable';
例如,如果您想使用 chartio_connect 客户端将用户“chartio_read_only”连接到“Reports”数据库的“Users”表中的特定列,则可以运行以下命令:
SELECTCONCAT('GRANT SELECT (`', COLUMN_NAME, '`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`', TABLE_NAME, '` to ''chartio_read_only''@`localhost`;')
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = 'Reports' AND TABLE_NAME = 'Users';
2. 查询结果应类似于以下内容:
GRANT SELECT (`User_ID`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`Campaign_ID`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`Created_Date`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`Company`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`City`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`State`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`Zip`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`Phone_Number`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`Credit_Card`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
3. 仅选择您想要授予访问权限的列的语句并运行这些查询。例如,如果我们只想授予对“User_ID”和“Company”列的访问权限,我们将运行:
GRANT SELECT (`User_ID`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
GRANT SELECT (`Company`), SHOW VIEW ON Reports.`Users` to 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost`;
4. 为用户提供一个安全的密码。
SET PASSWORD FOR 'chartio_read_only'@`localhost` = PASSWORD('top$secret');
欲了解更多信息,请咨询 MySQL 文档。