STM32存储左右互搏 SDIO总线FATS文件读写SD/MicroSD/TF卡
SD/MicroSD/TF卡是基于FLASH的一种常见非易失存储单元，由接口协议电路和FLASH构成。市面上由不同尺寸和不同容量的卡，手机领域用的TF卡实际就是MicroSD卡，尺寸比SD卡小，而电路和协议操作则是一样。这里介绍STM32CUBEIDE开发平台HAL库SDIO总线FATS文件操作读写SD/MicroSD/TF卡的例程。
SD/MicroSD/TF卡访问接口
SD/MicroSD/TF卡可以通过访问更快的SDIO专用协议接口或是访问慢一些的普通SPI接口进行操作，两种协议接口复用管脚。通过SDIO访问的接口连接方式如下：
其中CMD连接用于指示发送的是命令还是数据。CLK提供访问同步时钟，4根数据线(DATA0 ~ DATA3 )则实现信息双向传输。
SDIO可以操作在1bit数据线和4bit数据线模式，因为4bit数据线明显效率高于1bit数据线模式，所以1bit数据线模式很少用，只有在某种极限节省连接资源的情况下可以用1bit数据线模式，在1bit模式下，数据线DATA0用来传输数据，DATA1用作中断。在4bit数据线模式下，数据线DATA0~DATA3用于传输数据，其中DATA1复用作中断线。
例程采用STM32F103VET6芯片对4GB的TF卡进行操作，TF卡也可以插入转换卡套插入SD卡接口。
STM32工程配置
首先建立基本工程并设置时钟：
配置SDIO接口，时钟分频到1MHz，根据实际接线信号质量情况可调整提高工作频率：
配置使用DMA, 优先级可以根据需要调整:
配置FATS参数：
需要指定用于识别卡在位的输入管脚，如果硬件上并没有连接，就设定一个下拉的输入管脚并选择即可。
配置UART1作为控制和打印输出接口：
保存并生成初始工程代码：
STM32工程代码
UART串口printf打印输出实现参考：STM32 UART串口printf函数应用及浮点打印代码空间节省 (HAL)
对SD/MicroSD/TF卡的SDIO接口FATS操作可以调用HAL库函数进行，代码实现在main.c文件里，实现如下功能：
- 串口收到0x01指令，装载SD/MicroSD/TF卡
- 串口收到0x02指令，创建/打开文件并从头位置写入数据
- 串口收到0x03指令，打开文件并从头位置读入数据
- 串口收到0x04指令，创建/打开文件并从设定位置写入数据
- 串口收到0x05指令，打开文件并从设定位置读入数据
完整的main.c代码如下：
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file : main.c* @brief : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
//Written by Pegasus Yu in 2022
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "fatfs.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "ctype.h"
#include "string.h"#include "usart.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
__IO float usDelayBase;
void PY_usDelayTest(void)
{__IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;__IO uint32_t counter = 0;firstms = HAL_GetTick()+1;secondms = firstms+1;while(uwTick!=firstms) ;while(uwTick!=secondms) counter++;usDelayBase = ((float)counter)/1000;
}void PY_Delay_us_t(uint32_t Delay)
{__IO uint32_t delayReg;__IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)(Delay*usDelayBase);delayReg = 0;while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}void PY_usDelayOptimize(void)
{__IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;__IO float coe = 1.0;firstms = HAL_GetTick();PY_Delay_us_t(1000000) ;secondms = HAL_GetTick();coe = ((float)1000)/(secondms-firstms);usDelayBase = coe*usDelayBase;
}void PY_Delay_us(uint32_t Delay)
{__IO uint32_t delayReg;__IO uint32_t msNum = Delay/1000;__IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)((Delay%1000)*usDelayBase);if(msNum>0) HAL_Delay(msNum);delayReg = 0;while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}
/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
SD_HandleTypeDef hsd;
DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_sdio;UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;/* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_DMA_Init(void);
static void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
uint8_t uart1_rxd[256];
uint8_t uart1_txd[256];
uint8_t cmd;
uint8_t disk_mount_status = 0;FIL file;
UINT bytesread;
UINT byteswritten;
uint8_t rBuffer[20]; //Buffer for read
uint8_t WBuffer[20] ={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}; //Buffer for writeextern char SDPath[4];
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */FRESULT retSD;disk_mount_status = 0;char * dpath = "0:"; //Disk Pathfor(uint8_t i=0; i<4; i++){SDPath[i] = *(dpath+i);}uint32_t SD_Read_Size;const TCHAR* filepath = "0:test.txt";/* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_SDIO_SD_Init();MX_USART1_UART_Init();MX_FATFS_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */PY_usDelayTest();PY_usDelayOptimize();HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, uart1_rxd, 1);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){if(cmd==0x01) //Mount SD{cmd = 0;if(disk_mount_status==1) printf("\r\nSD mounted already\r\n");else{retSD = f_mount(&SDFatFS,(TCHAR const*)SDPath,1); //SD mountif(retSD==FR_NO_FILESYSTEM){printf("\r\nFile system doesn't exist. Now to format......\r\n");retSD = f_mkfs((TCHAR const*)SDPath,0,0); //SD formatif(retSD != FR_OK ){printf("\r\nFormat error: %d\r\n",retSD);}else{printf("\r\nFormat OK\r\n");}}else if(retSD==FR_OK){disk_mount_status = 1;printf("\r\nSD mount successful\r\n");}else{printf("\r\nSD mount error: %d\r\n",retSD);}}}else if(cmd==2) //File creation and write{cmd = 0;if(disk_mount_status==0) printf("\r\nSD not mounted: %d\r\n",retSD);else{retSD = f_open( &file, filepath, FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE ); //Open or create fileif(retSD == FR_OK){printf("\r\nFile open or creation successful\r\n");__disable_irq();retSD = f_write( &file, (const void *)WBuffer, sizeof(WBuffer), &byteswritten); //Write data__enable_irq();if(retSD == FR_OK){printf("\r\nFile write successful\r\n");}else{printf("\r\nFile write error: %d\r\n",retSD);}f_close(&file); //Close file}else{printf("\r\nFile open or creation error %d\r\n",retSD);}}}else if(cmd==3) //File read{cmd = 0;if(disk_mount_status==0) printf("\r\nSD not mounted: %d\r\n",retSD);else{retSD = f_open( &file, filepath, FA_OPEN_EXISTING | FA_READ); //Open fileif(retSD == FR_OK){printf("\r\nFile open successful\r\n");retSD = f_read( &file, (void *)rBuffer, sizeof(rBuffer), &bytesread); //Read dataif(retSD == FR_OK){printf("\r\nFile read successful\r\n");PY_Delay_us_t(200000);SD_Read_Size = sizeof(rBuffer);for(uint16_t i = 0;i < SD_Read_Size;i++){printf("%d ", rBuffer[i]);}printf("\r\n");}else{printf("\r\nFile read error: %d\r\n", retSD);}f_close(&file); //Close file}else{printf("\r\nFile open error: %d\r\n", retSD);}}}else if(cmd==4) //File locating write{cmd = 0;if(disk_mount_status==0) printf("\r\nSD not mounted: %d\r\n",retSD);else{retSD = f_open( &file, filepath, FA_CREATE_ALWAYS | FA_WRITE); //Open or create fileif(retSD == FR_OK){printf("\r\nFile open or creation successful\r\n");retSD=f_lseek( &file, f_tell(&file) + sizeof(WBuffer) ); //move file operation pointer, f_tell(&file) gets file head locatingif(retSD == FR_OK){__disable_irq();retSD = f_write( &file, (const void *)WBuffer, sizeof(WBuffer), &byteswritten);__enable_irq();if(retSD == FR_OK){printf("\r\nFile locating write successful\r\n");}else{printf("\r\nFile locating write error: %d\r\n", retSD);}}else{printf("\r\nFile pointer error: %d\r\n",retSD);}f_close(&file); //Close file}else{printf("\r\nFile open or creation error %d\r\n",retSD);}}}else if(cmd==5) //File locating read{cmd = 0;if(disk_mount_status==0) printf("\r\nSD not mounted: %d\r\n",retSD);else{retSD = f_open(&file, filepath, FA_OPEN_EXISTING | FA_READ); //Open fileif(retSD == FR_OK){printf("\r\nFile open successful\r\n");retSD = f_lseek(&file,f_tell(&file)+ sizeof(WBuffer)/2); //move file operation pointer, f_tell(&file) gets file head locatingif(retSD == FR_OK){retSD = f_read( &file, (void *)rBuffer, sizeof(rBuffer), &bytesread);if(retSD == FR_OK){printf("\r\nFile locating read successful\r\n");PY_Delay_us_t(200000);SD_Read_Size = sizeof(rBuffer);for(uint16_t i = 0;i < SD_Read_Size;i++){printf("%d ",rBuffer[i]);}printf("\r\n");}else{printf("\r\nFile locating read error: %d\r\n",retSD);}}else{printf("\r\nFile pointer error: %d\r\n",retSD);}f_close(&file);}else{printf("\r\nFile open error: %d\r\n",retSD);}}}else;/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief SDIO Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_SDIO_SD_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 1 */hsd.Instance = SDIO;hsd.Init.ClockEdge = SDIO_CLOCK_EDGE_RISING;hsd.Init.ClockBypass = SDIO_CLOCK_BYPASS_DISABLE;hsd.Init.ClockPowerSave = SDIO_CLOCK_POWER_SAVE_DISABLE;hsd.Init.BusWide = SDIO_BUS_WIDE_1B;hsd.Init.HardwareFlowControl = SDIO_HARDWARE_FLOW_CONTROL_ENABLE;hsd.Init.ClockDiv = 71;/* USER CODE BEGIN SDIO_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END SDIO_Init 2 */}/*** @brief USART1 Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */huart1.Instance = USART1;huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */}/*** Enable DMA controller clock*/
static void MX_DMA_Init(void)
{/* DMA controller clock enable */__HAL_RCC_DMA2_CLK_ENABLE();/* DMA interrupt init *//* DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn interrupt configuration */HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn, 0, 0);HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQn);}/*** @brief GPIO Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();/*Configure GPIO pin : PA8 */GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_8;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLDOWN;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
{if(huart==&huart1){cmd = uart1_rxd[0];HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, uart1_rxd, 1);}
}/* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number* where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param file: pointer to the source file name* @param line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */STM32例程测试
串口指令0x01测试效果如下：
串口指令0x02测试效果如下：
串口指令0x03测试效果如下：
串口指令0x04测试效果如下：
串口指令0x05测试效果如下：
注意事项
对于STM32F4等系列，在进行卡装载(mount)操作时，需要切换为单线模式进行，否则会错误，进行数据写读前再切换为4线模式。
STM32例程下载
STM32F103VET6 SDIO总线FATS文件读写SD/MicroSD/TF卡例程下载
STM32F401RCT6 SDIO总线FATS文件读写SD/MicroSD/TF卡例程下载
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