RabbitMQ通过代码创建交换机和队列

常见交换机

RabbitMQ提供的交换机一共的四种，分别是：

1. Fanout：采用广播形式来发送消息，会将消息路由到所有绑定了的队列之中。

2. Direct：通过Binding Key与队列绑定，生产者在发送信息的时候会通过Routing Key来告诉交换机消息要发送给谁

3. Topic：与Direct类似，但是Topic支持通配符，能够使用通配符实现多匹配，一般情况下Binding Key是由多个单词组成，而Topic能够通过#和*来模糊匹配，#代表多个单词，*代表一个单词

4. Headers ：根据消息头进行匹配，基本上很少使用，限制较多，而且麻烦

Fanout 扇形交换机

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {// 定义队列名称public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE_1 = "fanout.queue.1";public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE_2 = "fanout.queue.2";// 定义交换机名称public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout.exchange";/*** 声明第一个队列*/@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueue1() {return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_1);}/*** 声明第二个队列*/@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueue2() {return new Queue(FANOUT_QUEUE_2);}/*** 声明一个扇出交换机*/@Beanpublic FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {return new FanoutExchange(FANOUT_EXCHANGE);}/*** 将第一个队列绑定到扇出交换机*/@Beanpublic Binding fanoutBinding1() {return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1()).to(fanoutExchange());}/*** 将第二个队列绑定到扇出交换机*/@Beanpublic Binding fanoutBinding2() {return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2()).to(fanoutExchange());}
}

Direct 直连交换机

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {// 定义队列名称public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE = "direct.queue";// 定义交换机名称public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct.exchange";// 定义路由键public static final String DIRECT_ROUTING_KEY = "direct.routing.key";/*** 声明一个队列*/@Beanpublic Queue directQueue() {return new Queue(DIRECT_QUEUE);}/*** 声明一个直连交换机*/@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange() {return new DirectExchange(DIRECT_EXCHANGE);}/*** 将队列绑定到交换机，并指定路由键*/@Beanpublic Binding directBinding() {return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue()).to(directExchange()).with(DIRECT_ROUTING_KEY);}
}

Topic 主题交换机

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;@Configuration
public class TopicConfig {// 定义队列名称public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_1 = "topic.queue.1";public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE_2 = "topic.queue.2";// 定义交换机名称public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic.exchange";// 定义路由键模式public static final String TOPIC_ROUTING_KEY_1 = "topic.routing.key.1.*";public static final String TOPIC_ROUTING_KEY_2 = "topic.routing.key.2.#";/*** 声明第一个队列*/@Beanpublic Queue topicQueue1() {return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_1);}/*** 声明第二个队列*/@Beanpublic Queue topicQueue2() {return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_2);}/*** 声明一个主题交换机*/@Beanpublic TopicExchange topicExchange() {return new TopicExchange(TOPIC_EXCHANGE);}/*** 将第一个队列绑定到主题交换机，并指定路由键模式*/@Beanpublic Binding topicBinding1() {return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1()).to(topicExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTING_KEY_1);}/*** 将第二个队列绑定到主题交换机，并指定路由键模式*/@Beanpublic Binding topicBinding2() {return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2()).to(topicExchange()).with(TOPIC_ROUTING_KEY_2);}
}

Headers 头交换机

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.HeadersExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@Configuration
public class HeadersConfig {// 定义队列名称public static final String HEADERS_QUEUE_1 = "headers.queue.1";public static final String HEADERS_QUEUE_2 = "headers.queue.2";// 定义交换机名称public static final String HEADERS_EXCHANGE = "headers.exchange";/*** 声明第一个队列*/@Beanpublic Queue headersQueue1() {return new Queue(HEADERS_QUEUE_1);}/*** 声明第二个队列*/@Beanpublic Queue headersQueue2() {return new Queue(HEADERS_QUEUE_2);}/*** 声明一个头交换机*/@Beanpublic HeadersExchange headersExchange() {return new HeadersExchange(HEADERS_EXCHANGE);}/*** 将第一个队列绑定到头交换机，并指定头部属性*/@Beanpublic Binding headersBinding1() {Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();headers.put("header1", "value1");return BindingBuilder.bind(headersQueue1()).to(headersExchange()).whereAny(headers).match();}/*** 将第二个队列绑定到头交换机，并指定头部属性*/