案例分析

报错信息

{"L":"ERROR","T":"2024-12-17T11:11:33.005+0800","file":"*/log.go:61","message":"sql_trace","__type":"sql","trace_id":"6ab69b5d333de40c8327d8572336fa2c","error":"context canceled; invalid connection","elapsed":"2.292ms","rows":0,"sql":"UPDATE `logs` SET `response_time`=1734405092,`status`='success' WHERE id = 226081"
}

案发代码：

func Sync(c *gin.Context) {var params services.Params// 参数绑定c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&params, binding.JSON)// 参数效验// 记录日志...// 开协程 更新日志go func() {defer helpers.Recovery(c)models.Log{Ctx: c.Request.Context()}.UpdateLog(logId, res)}()c.JSON(200, response.Success(nil))return 
}func UpdateLog(id uint, r *services.ResJson) bool {exec := models.DefaultDB().WithContext(s.Ctx).Where("id  = ?", id).Model(&Log{}).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"status":        StatusSuccess,"response_time": time.Now().Unix(),})return exec.RowsAffected > 0
}

在更新数据库时，开了一个协程去更新

gorm源码解读

gorm Find、Update方法会触发GORM内部的处理器链，其中包括构建SQL语句、准备参数等。

最终，会调用到processor.Execute(db *DB)方法，这个方法会遍历并执行一系列注册的回调函数。

gorm.io/gorm@v1.25.11/finisher_api.go

// Update updates column with value using callbacks. Reference: https://gorm.io/docs/update.html#Update-Changed-Fields
func (db *DB) Update(column string, value interface{}) (tx *DB) {tx = db.getInstance()tx.Statement.Dest = map[string]interface{}{column: value}return tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx)
}// gorm.io/gorm@v1.25.11/callbacks.gofunc (p *processor) Execute(db *DB) *DB {...for _, f := range p.fns {f(db)}
}

// 注册回调函数
gorm@v1.25.11/callbacks/callbacks.go

func RegisterDefaultCallbacks(db *gorm.DB, config *Config) {enableTransaction := func(db *gorm.DB) bool {return !db.SkipDefaultTransaction}if len(config.CreateClauses) == 0 {config.CreateClauses = createClauses}if len(config.QueryClauses) == 0 {config.QueryClauses = queryClauses}if len(config.DeleteClauses) == 0 {config.DeleteClauses = deleteClauses}if len(config.UpdateClauses) == 0 {config.UpdateClauses = updateClauses}createCallback := db.Callback().Create()createCallback.Match(enableTransaction).Register("gorm:begin_transaction", BeginTransaction)createCallback.Register("gorm:before_create", BeforeCreate)createCallback.Register("gorm:save_before_associations", SaveBeforeAssociations(true))createCallback.Register("gorm:create", Create(config))createCallback.Register("gorm:save_after_associations", SaveAfterAssociations(true))createCallback.Register("gorm:after_create", AfterCreate)createCallback.Match(enableTransaction).Register("gorm:commit_or_rollback_transaction", CommitOrRollbackTransaction)createCallback.Clauses = config.CreateClausesqueryCallback := db.Callback().Query()queryCallback.Register("gorm:query", Query)queryCallback.Register("gorm:preload", Preload)queryCallback.Register("gorm:after_query", AfterQuery)queryCallback.Clauses = config.QueryClausesdeleteCallback := db.Callback().Delete()deleteCallback.Match(enableTransaction).Register("gorm:begin_transaction", BeginTransaction)deleteCallback.Register("gorm:before_delete", BeforeDelete)deleteCallback.Register("gorm:delete_before_associations", DeleteBeforeAssociations)deleteCallback.Register("gorm:delete", Delete(config))deleteCallback.Register("gorm:after_delete", AfterDelete)deleteCallback.Match(enableTransaction).Register("gorm:commit_or_rollback_transaction", CommitOrRollbackTransaction)deleteCallback.Clauses = config.DeleteClausesupdateCallback := db.Callback().Update()updateCallback.Match(enableTransaction).Register("gorm:begin_transaction", BeginTransaction)updateCallback.Register("gorm:setup_reflect_value", SetupUpdateReflectValue)updateCallback.Register("gorm:before_update", BeforeUpdate)updateCallback.Register("gorm:save_before_associations", SaveBeforeAssociations(false))updateCallback.Register("gorm:update", Update(config))updateCallback.Register("gorm:save_after_associations", SaveAfterAssociations(false))updateCallback.Register("gorm:after_update", AfterUpdate)....
}

gorm.io/gorm@v1.25.11/callbacks/update.go

// Update update hook
func Update(config *Config) func(db *gorm.DB) {supportReturning := utils.Contains(config.UpdateClauses, "RETURNING")return func(db *gorm.DB) {if db.Error != nil {return}if db.Statement.Schema != nil {for _, c := range db.Statement.Schema.UpdateClauses {db.Statement.AddClause(c)}}if db.Statement.SQL.Len() == 0 {db.Statement.SQL.Grow(180)db.Statement.AddClauseIfNotExists(clause.Update{})if _, ok := db.Statement.Clauses["SET"]; !ok {if set := ConvertToAssignments(db.Statement); len(set) != 0 {defer delete(db.Statement.Clauses, "SET")db.Statement.AddClause(set)} else {return}}db.Statement.Build(db.Statement.BuildClauses...)}checkMissingWhereConditions(db)if !db.DryRun && db.Error == nil {if ok, mode := hasReturning(db, supportReturning); ok {// Update函数最终会调用到底层数据库驱动的QueryContext方法，这个方法接受一个context.Context对象作为参数。if rows, err := db.Statement.ConnPool.QueryContext(db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.SQL.String(), db.Statement.Vars...); db.AddError(err) == nil {dest := db.Statement.Destdb.Statement.Dest = db.Statement.ReflectValue.Addr().Interface()gorm.Scan(rows, db, mode)db.Statement.Dest = destdb.AddError(rows.Close())}} else {result, err := db.Statement.ConnPool.ExecContext(db.Statement.Context, db.Statement.SQL.String(), db.Statement.Vars...)if db.AddError(err) == nil {db.RowsAffected, _ = result.RowsAffected()}}}}
}

调用数据库驱动：

Update函数最终会调用到底层数据库驱动的QueryContext方法，这个方法接受一个context.Context对象作为参数。

go1.22.3/src/database/sql/sql.go:1727

// QueryContext executes a query that returns rows, typically a SELECT.
// The args are for any placeholder parameters in the query.
func (db *DB) QueryContext(ctx context.Context, query string, args ...any) (*Rows, error) {var rows *Rowsvar err errorerr = db.retry(func(strategy connReuseStrategy) error {rows, err = db.query(ctx, query, args, strategy)return err})return rows, err
}

底层数据库连接：

QueryContext方法会进一步调用query方法，这个方法会处理数据库连接的重试逻辑。

在query方法中，会调用conn方法来获取一个数据库连接，并在这个连接上执行查询。

conn方法会处理context的取消和超时信号，如果context被取消或超时，它会中断数据库连接操作并返回错误。

go1.22.3/src/database/sql/sql.go:1748

func (db *DB) query(ctx context.Context, query string, args []any, strategy connReuseStrategy) (*Rows, error) {dc, err := db.conn(ctx, strategy)if err != nil {return nil, err}return db.queryDC(ctx, nil, dc, dc.releaseConn, query, args)
}// conn returns a newly-opened or cached *driverConn.
func (db *DB) conn(ctx context.Context, strategy connReuseStrategy) (*driverConn, error) {db.mu.Lock()if db.closed {db.mu.Unlock()return nil, errDBClosed}// Check if the context is expired.select {default:case <-ctx.Done():db.mu.Unlock()return nil, ctx.Err()}

那为什么会出现context canceled？

gin context 生命周期

大多数情况下，context一直能持续到请求结束
当请求发生错误的时候，context会立刻被cancel掉

context什么时候cancel的

server端接受新请求时会起一个协程go c.serve(connCtx)

func (srv *Server) Serve(l net.Listener) error {// ...for {rw, err := l.Accept()connCtx := ctx// ...go c.serve(connCtx)}
}

协程里面for循环从链接中读取请求，重点是这里每次读取到请求的时候都会启动后台协程（w.conn.r.startBackgroundRead()）继续从链接中读取。

// Serve a new connection.
func (c *conn) serve(ctx context.Context) {// ...// HTTP/1.x from here on.ctx, cancelCtx := context.WithCancel(ctx)c.cancelCtx = cancelCtxdefer cancelCtx()// ...for {// 从链接中读取请求w, err := c.readRequest(ctx)if c.r.remain != c.server.initialReadLimitSize() {// If we read any bytes off the wire, we're active.c.setState(c.rwc, StateActive, runHooks)}// ....// 启动协程后台读取链接if requestBodyRemains(req.Body) {registerOnHitEOF(req.Body, w.conn.r.startBackgroundRead)} else {w.conn.r.startBackgroundRead()}// ...// 这里转到gin里面的serverHttp方法serverHandler{c.server}.ServeHTTP(w, w.req)// 请求结束之后cancel掉contextw.cancelCtx()// ...}
}

gin中执行ServeHttp方法

// ServeHTTP conforms to the http.Handler interface.
func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {// ...// 执行我们写的handle方法engine.handleHTTPRequest(c)// ...
}

正常请求结束之后gin框架会主动cancel掉context, ctx会清空，回收到ctx pool中。

// github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.7.7/gin.go// ServeHTTP conforms to the http.Handler interface.
func (engine *Engine) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {c := engine.pool.Get().(*Context)c.writermem.reset(w)c.Request = reqc.reset()engine.handleHTTPRequest(c)engine.pool.Put(c)
}// github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.7.7/context.go
func (c *Context) reset() {c.Writer = &c.writermemc.Params = c.Params[0:0]c.handlers = nilc.index = -1c.fullPath = ""c.Keys = nilc.Errors = c.Errors[0:0]c.Accepted = nilc.queryCache = nilc.formCache = nil*c.params = (*c.params)[:0]*c.skippedNodes = (*c.skippedNodes)[:0]
}

什么时候context会被动cancel掉呢？

秘密就在w.conn.r.startBackgroundRead()这个后台读取的协程里了。

func (cr *connReader) startBackgroundRead() {// ...go cr.backgroundRead()
}func (cr *connReader) backgroundRead() {n, err := cr.conn.rwc.Read(cr.byteBuf[:])// ...if ne, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && cr.aborted && ne.Timeout() {// Ignore this error. It's the expected error from// another goroutine calling abortPendingRead.} else if err != nil {cr.handleReadError(err)}// ...
}func (cr *connReader) handleReadError(_ error) {// 这里cancel了contextcr.conn.cancelCtx()cr.closeNotify()
}

startBackgroundRead -> backgroundRead -> handleReadError。在handleReadError函数里面会把context cancel掉。

当服务端在处理业务的同时，后台有个协程监控链接的状态，如果链接有问题就会把context cancel掉。（cancel的目的就是快速失败——业务不用处理了，就算服务端返回结果了，客户端也不处理了）

野生协程如何处理

• http请求如有野生协程，不能使用request context（因为response之后context就会被cancel掉了），应当使用独立的context（比如context.Background()）
• 禁用野生协程，控制协程生命周期