名词动化词
1 持有 harbor2 2 反映 mirror 3 缩短 bridge
4 使用 harness 5 掩饰 mask/veil 6 修改 tailor
7 汇集 pool 8 控制 curb 9 想象 picture
10 激发 trigger
拉丁文
1 虽然 albeit
虽然我们的个人习惯可能看起来微不足道，但从宏观的角度来看，它们却在很大程度上累积在一起。
Albeit our individual habits might seem insignificant, they can add up in a big way at the macro level.
个人习惯 individual habits 微不足道 insignificant
宏观角度 at the macro level
累积 add up 在很大程度上 inabig way
2 实际上 de facto
虽然看似无能为力，但个人实际上可以做很多事情来做出改变。
Despite seemingly powerless, individuals de facto can do a lot to make a difference
while/ despite /in spite of 虽然
powerless 无能为力的
make a difference 做出改变
3 自身 / 本身 per se
关注与工作相关的技能可以使大学本身受益。
Focusing on job-related skills / techniques can benefit university per se.
关注 focus on
与工作相关的 job-related
技能 skills / techniques
受益 benefit
4 现状 status quo
不太勤奋的人仅仅满足于现状。
Less diligent people are merely content with status quo.
勤奋的 diligent / industrious / hardworking
仅仅 only / just / merely
满足 be content with / be satisfied with
5 反之亦然 vice versa
语言能够影响文化，反过来，文化也能够影响语言。
Language can influence culture, and vice versa.
语言 language
影响 influence / impact / affect
文化 culture
功能句组合翻译：
假如你想做什么事情，你就应该做什么事情。
If you want to do sth, you should do sth.
翻译：
If students want to have a brighter future, they should study overseas.
假如学生们想要拥有一个更光明的未来，他们就应该出国留学。
If sb want to do sth, sb should do sth.
如果某人想做某事，就应该做某事。
Provided that sb aim to do sth, it is sensible for sb to do sth.
只要某人有意做某事，那么做某事就是明智的。
大作文功能句总结1：
1 Provided that sb intends to do sth, it is (not) advisable / reasonable for sb to do sth. 假设某人打算做……事，那么该人做……事就是不明智/不合理的。
2 (现象) Currently, living in an era of + 时代特征, people / we …
目前，我们生活在一个
3 (意义排比) 话题词 + can bring us great convenience, arouse our enthusiasm for …, and help sb (to) do sth …
能给我们带来极大的方便，激发我们对……的积极性，并帮助某人做……
4 (重要性/弊端) people in large numbers have realized / recognized that + 宾从
越来越多的人们已经意识到/认识到
5 (利弊强调) we should bear in mind that + 话题词 do / does / did (not) enhance … （多个方面）advancement.
6 (措施) Students in schools / Youngsters should be advocated and cultivated to do sth.
7 (观点) I, as a college student, deem that it is of great necessity for sb to do sth. 我 作为一名大学生，认为做……是非常必要的。
8. (观点) I harbor the idea that +句子
大作文功能句总结2：
1 This is a simple but enlightening remark / phenomenon on + 话题词
这是一个简单但有启发性的评论/现象
2 (意义排比) 话题词, without any doubt, is the stepping stone which can enrich…, enhance …, ensure …, and enable sb to do sth …
毫无疑问，是丰富…、增强…、确保…、使某人能够做某事的垫脚石…
3 (举例) A typical example is that + 句子
4 (重要性/后果) Without / With +话题词， sb is prone to confine oneself to low efficiency, poor abilities, and narrow-mindedness.
某人容易局限于效率低下、能力较差、心胸狭隘。
5 (意义总结) 话题词+lay(s) a solid foundation for sth, as well as for sb to do sth.
为某事或某人做某事打下坚实的基础。
6 (措施) Drastic actions should be taken to address these issues.
应该采取严厉措施解决这些问题。
大作文图标类首段
首段 首句 写法
1 The bar chart above explicitly mirrors the change / trend / proportion / number of 主题 of 对象 during 多长时间 from 起始时间 to 终止时间.
2 The bar chart above explicitly mirrors the change / trend / proportion / number of 主题 of 对象1 and 对象2 during 多长时间 from 起始时间 to 终止时间.
3 Mirrored in the bar chart above is the change / trend / proportion / number of 主题 of 对象 during 多长时间 from 起始时间 to 终止时间.
首段 第二句
1一个对象：单一趋势
It is clearly indicated that 主题 of 对象increased / decreased + 程度变化 from 起始值 to 终值 during this period of time.
2 两个对象：同趋势
It is clearly indicated that both 主题 of 对象1 and that of 对象2 increased / decreased from 起始值 to 终值 and from 起始值 to 终值 respectively during this period of time.
3 两个对象：不同趋势
It is clearly indicated that both 主题 of 对象1 increased / decreased + 程度变化 from 起始值 to 终值, which, on the contrary, has witnessed a + 程度形容词 + ascent / descent of that of 对象2 from 起始值 to 终值 during this period of time.
4 表格类 或 饼状图 写法
It is clearly indicated that among all the _____ items included in the survey, 最多项 outruns the others, with _____%. 次多项 comes as the runner-up, which occupies _____%, followed by 第三项 and 第四项, which accounts for ____% and _____% respectively. 最少项 ranks the last, taking up only _____%.
从中可以明显看出，在调查的_____项中，“最终多项”占比最高，为_____%。“次多项”位居第二，占比为_____%。第三项和第四项分别占比____%和_____%。“最少项”排在最后，仅占_____%。
小作文回去信首段
问候语写法：
- I hope you are doing great!
- How’s everything going?
给不熟悉的人写信：自我介绍（必不可少）
姓名 + 身份
我叫李明，是即将举行的校庆庆典活动的协调员。
My name is Li Ming, the coordinator of the upcoming school anniversary ceremony.
我叫李明，是本校学生会主席。
My name is Li Ming, the president of the student union in our university.
我叫李明，是本校希望工程协会的一名志愿者。
My name is Li Ming, one of the volunteers in the Hope Project Association in our university.
我叫李明，是下学期您将要教的班上的一名学生。
My name is Li Ming, one of the students in the class you will teach in the coming semester.
社会人士：
忠实用户Loyal users / 顾客customers / 读者readers
我叫李明，是市场部的一名员工。很遗憾，我.....
My name is Li Ming, one of the staff in the marketing department. Unfortunately, I ......
写信目的：
The main purpose of this letter is to + 这封信的主要目的是 +
1 recommend you some places / a book / a movie ... 向您推荐一些地方/一本书/一部电影...
2 give you some information regarding ... 向您提供一些有关...的信息
3 discuss with you my initial thoughts on ... 与您讨论我对...的初步想法
4 give you my apology and explain for ... 向您道歉并解释...
5 inquire about some useful information concerning ... 询问一些有关...的有用信息
6 give you some proposals for your ... 为您的...提供一些建议
7 apply for + 职位 申请+职位
8 make a complaint about …. 投诉...
9 inform you that I have decided to leave my present job as + 职位 通知您我已决定辞去目前的工作+职位..
10 express thanks/appreciation to sb. for sth. 对某人表示感谢/赞赏。
回信首句：
给某人回复信函或得知某人消息的开头写法：
1. 喜讯：I felt thrilled to know that you had been successfully ............. (admitted to your ideal school.) Congratulations!
2. 坏事：I felt very sorry when I heard that .....
3. 对询问的回答：I felt very happy to receive your inquiry about ....
4. 通用回信：I was delighted to receive your letter, in which you mentioned that you would ..../
5 感谢某人邀请：I am so grateful to you for inviting me to do sth
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