使用 Java Swing 和 XChart 创建多种图表

在现代应用程序开发中，数据可视化是一个关键部分。本文将介绍如何使用 Java Swing 和 XChart 库创建各种类型的图表。XChart 是一个轻量级的图表库，支持多种类型的图表，非常适合在 Java 应用中进行快速的图表绘制。

1、环境配置

在开始之前，我们需要确保项目中包含了 XChart 的依赖。以下是在 Maven 项目中的 pom.xml 文件中添加 XChart 依赖的方法：

<dependency><groupId>org.knowm.xchart</groupId><artifactId>xchart</artifactId><version>3.8.0</version>
</dependency>

2、创建不同类型的图表

以下是如何使用 XChart 创建不同类型的图表的示例代码。

面积图


public class AreaChartExample extends JFrame {public AreaChartExample() {// 创建图表XYChart chart = new XYChartBuilder().width(800).height(600).title("Area Chart Example").xAxisTitle("X").yAxisTitle("Y").build();// 添加数据double[] xData = new double[] {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0};double[] yData = new double[] {2.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0};chart.addSeries("y(x)", xData, yData).setMarker(SeriesMarkers.NONE).setFillColor(new Color(0, 0, 255, 50));// 将图表面板添加到 JFrameJPanel chartPanel = new XChartPanel<>(chart);getContentPane().add(chartPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);}public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {AreaChartExample example = new AreaChartExample();example.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);example.pack();example.setVisible(true);});}
}

柱状图

public class BarChartExample extends JFrame {public BarChartExample() {// 创建图表CategoryChart chart = new CategoryChartBuilder().width(800).height(600).title("Bar Chart Example").xAxisTitle("Category").yAxisTitle("Value").build();// 添加数据List<String> categories = Arrays.asList("A", "B", "C");List<Number> series1Values = Arrays.asList(4, 5, 9);List<Number> series2Values = Arrays.asList(3, 8, 5);chart.addSeries("Series 1", categories, series1Values);chart.addSeries("Series 2", categories, series2Values);// 将图表面板添加到 JFrameJPanel chartPanel = new XChartPanel<>(chart);getContentPane().add(chartPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);}public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {BarChartExample example = new BarChartExample();example.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);example.pack();example.setVisible(true);});}
}

气泡图

public BubbleChartExample() {// 创建图表XYChart chart = new XYChartBuilder().width(800).height(600).title("Bubble Chart Example").xAxisTitle("X").yAxisTitle("Y").build();// 添加数据double[] xData = new double[] {0.1, 0.4, 1.0, 1.5, 2.2, 3.0};double[] yData = new double[] {2.0, 1.5, 0.9, 1.4, 1.9, 2.2};double[] bubbleSize = new double[] {0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6};chart.addSeries("y(x)", xData, yData, bubbleSize).setMarker(SeriesMarkers.CIRCLE);// 将图表面板添加到 JFrameJPanel chartPanel = new XChartPanel<>(chart);getContentPane().add(chartPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);}public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {BubbleChartExample example = new BubbleChartExample();example.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);example.pack();example.setVisible(true);});}

折线图

public class LineChartExample extends JFrame {public LineChartExample() {// 创建图表XYChart chart = new XYChartBuilder().width(800).height(600).title("Line Chart Example").xAxisTitle("X").yAxisTitle("Y").build();// 自定义图表样式chart.getStyler().setLegendPosition(Styler.LegendPosition.InsideNE);chart.getStyler().setMarkerSize(16);// 添加数据double[] xData = new double[] {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0};double[] yData = new double[] {2.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0};chart.addSeries("y(x)", xData, yData);// 将图表面板添加到 JFrameJPanel chartPanel = new XChartPanel<>(chart);getContentPane().add(chartPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);}public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {LineChartExample example = new LineChartExample();example.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);example.pack();example.setVisible(true);});}
}

饼图

public class PieChartExample extends JFrame {public PieChartExample() {// 创建图表PieChart chart = new PieChartBuilder().width(800).height(600).title("Pie Chart Example").build();// 添加数据chart.addSeries("Category A", 40);chart.addSeries("Category B", 30);chart.addSeries("Category C", 20);chart.addSeries("Category D", 10);// 将图表面板添加到 JFrameJPanel chartPanel = new XChartPanel<>(chart);getContentPane().add(chartPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);}public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {PieChartExample example = new PieChartExample();example.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);example.pack();example.setVisible(true);});}
}

阶梯图

public class StepChartExample extends JFrame {public StepChartExample() {// 创建图表XYChart chart = new XYChartBuilder().width(800).height(600).title("Step Chart Example").xAxisTitle("X").yAxisTitle("Y").build();// 添加数据double[] xData = new double[] {0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0};double[] yData = new double[] {2.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0};chart.addSeries("y(x)", xData, yData).setXYSeriesRenderStyle(XYSeries.XYSeriesRenderStyle.Step);// 将图表面板添加到 JFrameJPanel chartPanel = new XChartPanel<>(chart);getContentPane().add(chartPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);}public static void main(String[] args) {SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {StepChartExample example = new StepChartExample();example.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);example.pack();example.setVisible(true);});}
}