Flask-OAuthlib

Flask-OAuthlib库教程

Flask-OAuthlib 是一个为 Flask 应用提供 OAuth1 和 OAuth2 支持的库。它允许开发者轻松地集成第三方 OAuth 服务，或者构建自己的 OAuth 提供者服务。

官方文档链接

Flask-OAuthlib官方文档

架构概述

Flask-OAuthlib 的主要组件包括：

OAuth1: 支持 OAuth1 客户端和服务器的功能。
OAuth2: 支持 OAuth2 客户端和服务器的功能。

基础功能

安装Flask-OAuthlib

首先，你需要安装 Flask 和 Flask-OAuthlib。可以使用pip来安装：

pip install Flask Flask-OAuthlib

OAuth2 客户端

以下是如何设置一个 OAuth2 客户端，以使用第三方服务（如 GitHub）进行认证：

from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, session
from flask_oauthlib.client import OAuthapp = Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key = 'random_secret_key'
oauth = OAuth(app)github = oauth.remote_app('github',consumer_key='YOUR_CLIENT_ID',consumer_secret='YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET',request_token_params={'scope': 'user:email',},base_url='https://api.github.com/',request_token_url=None,access_token_method='POST',access_token_url='https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token',authorize_url='https://github.com/login/oauth/authorize'
)@app.route('/')
def index():return 'Welcome to the Flask-OAuthlib tutorial!'@app.route('/login')
def login():return github.authorize(callback=url_for('authorized', _external=True))@app.route('/logout')
def logout():session.pop('github_token')return redirect(url_for('index'))@app.route('/login/authorized')
def authorized():response = github.authorized_response()if response is None or response.get('access_token') is None:return 'Access denied: reason={} error={}'.format(request.args['error_reason'],request.args['error_description'])session['github_token'] = (response['access_token'], '')user = github.get('user')return 'Logged in as: ' + user.data['login']@github.tokengetter
def get_github_oauth_token():return session.get('github_token')if __name__ == '__main__':app.run(debug=True)

在上述代码中，你需要将 'YOUR_CLIENT_ID' 和 'YOUR_CLIENT_SECRET' 替换为你在 GitHub 上注册的 OAuth 应用的客户端ID和客户端密钥。

OAuth2 服务器

以下是一个简单的OAuth2服务器示例，使用 Flask-OAuthlib 提供认证服务：

from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_oauthlib.provider import OAuth2Providerapp = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///oauth.db'
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
oauth = OAuth2Provider(app)class User(db.Model):id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)class Client(db.Model):id = db.Column(db.String(40), primary_key=True)client_secret = db.Column(db.String(55), nullable=False)_redirect_uris = db.Column(db.Text)user_id = db.Column(db.ForeignKey('user.id'))user = db.relationship('User')class Grant(db.Model):id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))user = db.relationship('User')client_id = db.Column(db.String(40), db.ForeignKey('client.id'))client = db.relationship('Client')class Token(db.Model):id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)client_id = db.Column(db.String(40), db.ForeignKey('client.id'))client = db.relationship('Client')user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))user = db.relationship('User')@oauth.clientgetter
def load_client(client_id):return Client.query.filter_by(client_id=client_id).first()@oauth.grantgetter
def load_grant(client_id, code):return Grant.query.filter_by(client_id=client_id, code=code).first()@oauth.grantsetter
def save_grant(client_id, code, request, *args, **kwargs):grant = Grant(client_id=client_id, code=code, user_id=request.user.id)db.session.add(grant)db.session.commit()return grant@oauth.tokengetter
def load_token(access_token=None, refresh_token=None):if access_token:return Token.query.filter_by(access_token=access_token).first()elif refresh_token:return Token.query.filter_by(refresh_token=refresh_token).first()@oauth.tokensetter
def save_token(token, request, *args, **kwargs):tok = Token(client_id=request.client.client_id, user_id=request.user.id, **token)db.session.add(tok)db.session.commit()return tok@app.route('/oauth/token', methods=['POST'])
@oauth.token_handler
def access_token():return None@app.route('/oauth/authorize', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
@oauth.authorize_handler
def authorize(*args, **kwargs):if request.method == 'GET':return render_template('authorize.html')return Trueif __name__ == '__main__':db.create_all()app.run(debug=True)