spring-ai-alibaba使用Agent实现智能机票助手

示例目标是使用 Spring AI Alibaba 框架开发一个智能机票助手，它可以帮助消费者完成机票预定、问题解答、机票改签、取消等动作，具体要求为：

基于 AI 大模型与用户对话，理解用户自然语言表达的需求
支持多轮连续对话，能在上下文中理解用户意图
理解机票操作相关的术语与规范并严格遵守，如航空法规、退改签规则等
在必要时可调用工具辅助完成任务

使用 RAG 增加机票退改签规则

基于以上架构图，应用是由 AI 模型理解用户问题，决策下一步动作、驱动业务流程。但任何一个通用的大模型都能帮我们解决机票相关的问题吗？依赖模型的决策是可靠的吗？比如有用户提出了机票改签的诉求，模型一定是能够很好的理解用户的意图的，这点没有疑问。但它怎么知道当前用户符不符合退票规则呢？要知道每个航空公司的改签规则可能都是不一样的；它怎么知道改签手续费的规定那？在这样一个可能带来经济纠纷、法律风险的应用场景下，AI模型必须要知道改签规则的所有细节，并逐条确认用户信息符合规则后，才能最终作出是否改签的决策。

很显然，单纯依赖 AI 模型本身并不能替我们完成上面的要求，这个时候就要用到 RAG（检索增强）模式了。通过 RAG 我们可以把机票退改签相关的领域知识输入给应用和 AI 模型，让 AI 结合这些规则与要求辅助决策

使用 Function Calling 执行业务动作

AI 智能体可以帮助应用理解用户需求并作出决策，但是它没法代替应用完成决策的执行，决策的执行还是要由应用自己完成，这一点和传统应用并没有区别，不论是智能化的还是预先编排好的应用，都是要由应用本身去调用函数修改数据库记录实现数据持久化。

通过 Spring AI 框架，我们可以将模型的决策转换为对某个具体函数的调用，从而完成机票的最终改签或者退票动作，将用户数据写入数据库，这就是我们前面提到的 Function Calling 模式。

使用 Chat Memory 增加多轮对话能力

最后一点是关于多轮连续对话的支持，我们要记住一点，大模型是无状态的，它看到的只有当前这一轮对话的内容。因此如果要支持多轮对话效果，需要应用每次都要把之前的对话上下文保留下来，并与最新的问题一并作为 prompt 发送给模型。这时，我们可以利用 Spring AI Alibaba 提供的内置 Conversation Memory 支持，方便的维护对话上下文。

总结起来，我们在这个智能机票助手应用中用到了 Spring AI Alibaba 的核心如下能力：

基本模型对话能力，通过 Chat Model API 与阿里云通义模型交互
Prompt 管理能力
Chat Memory 聊天记忆，支持多轮对话
RAG、Vector Store，机票预定、改签、退票等相关规则

1、jdk17 ，spring-ai-alibaba版本 1.0.0-M6.1,使用阿里云大模型，若使用其他模型添加对应依赖即可

pom文件

	<properties><java.version>17</java.version><vaadin.version>24.4.7</vaadin.version><maven-deploy-plugin.version>3.1.1</maven-deploy-plugin.version></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId><artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId></dependency><!-- Other spring dependencies --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency></dependencies>

2、application.properties 内容如下

# spring.ai.chat.client.enabled=false
server.port=19000
spring.threads.virtual.enabled=truespring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/templates/**
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
###################
# Anthropic Claude 3
#################### spring.ai.anthropic.api-key=${ANTHROPIC_API_KEY}
# spring.ai.openai.chat.options.model=llama3-70b-8192
# spring.ai.anthropic.chat.options.model=claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620###################
# Groq
#################### spring.ai.openai.api-key=${GROQ_API_KEY}
# spring.ai.openai.base-url=https://api.groq.com/openai
# spring.ai.openai.chat.options.model=llama3-70b-8192###################
# dashscope
###################
spring.ai.dashscope.api-key=${AI_DASHSCOPE_API_KEY}
spring.ai.dashscope.chat.options.model=qwen-plus
spring.ai.dashscope.embedding.enabled=true
spring.ai.dashscope.embedding.options.model=text-embedding-v2###################
# OpenAI
###################
# spring.ai.openai.chat.options.functions=getBookingDetails,changeBooking,cancelBooking
# spring.ai.openai.chat.enabled=false# Disable the OpenAI embedding when the local huggingface embedding (e.g. spring-ai-transformers-spring-boot-starter) is used.
# spring.ai.openai.embedding.enabled=false###################
# Azure OpenAI
###################
# spring.ai.azure.openai.api-key=${AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY}
# spring.ai.azure.openai.endpoint=${AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT}
# spring.ai.azure.openai.chat.options.deployment-name=gpt-4o###################
# Mistral AI
#################### spring.ai.mistralai.api-key=${MISTRAL_AI_API_KEY}
# spring.ai.mistralai.chat.options.model=mistral-small-latest# spring.ai.mistralai.chat.options.model=mistral-small-latest
# spring.ai.mistralai.chat.options.functions=getBookingDetails,changeBooking,cancelBooking
# # spring.ai.retry.on-client-errors=true
# # spring.ai.retry.exclude-on-http-codes=429###################
# Vertex AI Gemini
#################### spring.ai.vertex.ai.gemini.project-id=${VERTEX_AI_GEMINI_PROJECT_ID}
# spring.ai.vertex.ai.gemini.location=${VERTEX_AI_GEMINI_LOCATION}
# spring.ai.vertex.ai.gemini.chat.options.model=gemini-1.5-pro-001
# # spring.ai.vertex.ai.gemini.chat.options.model=gemini-1.5-flash-001
# spring.ai.vertex.ai.gemini.chat.options.transport-type=REST# spring.ai.vertex.ai.gemini.chat.options.functions=getBookingDetails,changeBooking,cancelBooking###################
#  Milvus Vector Store
###################
# Change the dimentions to 384 if the local huggingface embedding (e.g. spring-ai-transformers-spring-boot-starter) is used.
# spring.ai.vectorstore.milvus.embedding-dimension=384###################
# PGVector
###################
# spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/postgres
# spring.datasource.username=postgres
# spring.datasource.password=postgres###################
# QDrant
###################
# spring.ai.vectorstore.qdrant.host=localhost
# spring.ai.vectorstore.qdrant.port=6334###################
# Chroma
###################
# spring.ai.vectorstore.chroma.client.host=http://localhost
# spring.ai.vectorstore.chroma.client.port=8000

3、知识库文本文件 terms-of-service.txt 内容如下

These Terms of Service govern your experience with Funnair. By booking a flight, you agree to these terms.1. Booking Flights
- Book via our website or mobile app.
- Full payment required at booking.
- Ensure accuracy of personal information (Name, ID, etc.) as corrections may incur a $25 fee.2. Changing Bookings
- Changes allowed up to 24 hours before flight.
- Change via online or contact our support.
- Change fee: $50 for Economy, $30 for Premium Economy, Free for Business Class.3. Cancelling Bookings
- Cancel up to 48 hours before flight.
- Cancellation fees: $75 for Economy, $50 for Premium Economy, $25 for Business Class.
- Refunds processed within 7 business days.

4、初始化向量库和对话记忆等

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.config;import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.memory.ChatMemory;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.memory.InMemoryChatMemory;
import org.springframework.ai.embedding.EmbeddingModel;
import org.springframework.ai.reader.TextReader;
import org.springframework.ai.transformer.splitter.TokenTextSplitter;
import org.springframework.ai.vectorstore.SimpleVectorStore;
import org.springframework.ai.vectorstore.VectorStore;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestClient;@Configuration
public class InitConfig {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(InitConfig.class);@Beanpublic VectorStore vectorStore(EmbeddingModel embeddingModel) {//初始化向量库return SimpleVectorStore.builder(embeddingModel).build();}@BeanCommandLineRunner ingestTermOfServiceToVectorStore(VectorStore vectorStore,@Value("classpath:rag/terms-of-service.txt") Resource termsOfServiceDocs) {//加载机票票务相关知识到向量库return args -> {// Ingest the document into the vector storevectorStore.write(new TokenTextSplitter().transform(new TextReader(termsOfServiceDocs).read()));vectorStore.similaritySearch("Cancelling Bookings").forEach(doc -> {logger.info("Similar Document: {}", doc.getText());});};}@Beanpublic ChatMemory chatMemory() {//对话记忆return new InMemoryChatMemory();}@Bean@ConditionalOnMissingBeanpublic RestClient.Builder restClientBuilder() {return RestClient.builder();}}

5、机票信息、机票类型、机票状态、等相关实体类

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.data;public enum BookingClass {
//	机票类型 头等 商务FIRST ,BUSINESS}

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.data;public enum BookingStatus {
//机票状态 已确认  已使用 已取消CONFIRMED, COMPLETED, CANCELLED}

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.data;import java.time.LocalDate;/*** 机票信息*/
public class Booking {/*** 订单号*/private String bookingNumber;/*** 订单日期*/private LocalDate date;/*** 购票信息*/private Customer customer;/*** 出发城市*/private String from;/*** 到达城市*/private String to;/*** 票务状态*/private BookingStatus bookingStatus;/*** 票务种类*/private BookingClass bookingClass;public Booking(String bookingNumber, LocalDate date, Customer customer, BookingStatus bookingStatus, String from,String to, BookingClass bookingClass) {this.bookingNumber = bookingNumber;this.date = date;this.customer = customer;this.bookingStatus = bookingStatus;this.from = from;this.to = to;this.bookingClass = bookingClass;}public String getBookingNumber() {return bookingNumber;}public void setBookingNumber(String bookingNumber) {this.bookingNumber = bookingNumber;}public LocalDate getDate() {return date;}public void setDate(LocalDate date) {this.date = date;}public Customer getCustomer() {return customer;}public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {this.customer = customer;}public BookingStatus getBookingStatus() {return bookingStatus;}public void setBookingStatus(BookingStatus bookingStatus) {this.bookingStatus = bookingStatus;}public String getFrom() {return from;}public void setFrom(String from) {this.from = from;}public String getTo() {return to;}public void setTo(String to) {this.to = to;}public BookingClass getBookingClass() {return bookingClass;}public void setBookingClass(BookingClass bookingClass) {this.bookingClass = bookingClass;}}

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.data;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** 购票信息*/
public class Customer {/*** 购票人姓名*/private String name;/*** 购票人的票务信息*/private List<Booking> bookings = new ArrayList<>();public Customer() {}public Customer(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public List<Booking> getBookings() {return bookings;}public void setBookings(List<Booking> bookings) {this.bookings = bookings;}}

下面的类是模拟数据库

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.data;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** 模拟数据库表 包含票务相关信息*/
public class BookingData {private List<Customer> customers = new ArrayList<>();private List<Booking> bookings = new ArrayList<>();public List<Customer> getCustomers() {return customers;}public void setCustomers(List<Customer> customers) {this.customers = customers;}public List<Booking> getBookings() {return bookings;}public void setBookings(List<Booking> bookings) {this.bookings = bookings;}}

6、机票服务类（包含数据初始化、退票、改签等业务方法）、智能体工具和智能体实现

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.services;import ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.data.*;
import ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.services.BookingTools.BookingDetails;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;/*** 模拟票务业务层*/
@Service
public class FlightBookingService {private final BookingData db;public FlightBookingService() {// 机票预定等服务db = new BookingData();//初始化机票票务信息 模拟数据库initDemoData();}private void initDemoData() {//模拟数据库List<String> names = List.of("赵敏", "周芷若", "小昭", "阿秀", "黄蓉","穆念慈","陆无双","程英","郭芙","郭襄","钟灵","曾柔","双儿");List<String> airportCodes = List.of("北京", "上海", "广州", "深圳", "杭州", "南京", "青岛", "成都", "武汉", "西安", "重庆", "大连","天津");Random random = new Random();var customers = new ArrayList<Customer>();var bookings = new ArrayList<Booking>();for (int i = 0; i < 13; i++) {String name = names.get(i);String from = airportCodes.get(random.nextInt(airportCodes.size()));String to = airportCodes.get(random.nextInt(airportCodes.size()));BookingClass bookingClass = BookingClass.values()[random.nextInt(BookingClass.values().length)];Customer customer = new Customer();customer.setName(name);LocalDate date = LocalDate.now().plusDays(2 * (i + 1));Booking booking = new Booking("10" + (i + 1), date, customer, BookingStatus.CONFIRMED, from, to,bookingClass);customer.getBookings().add(booking);customers.add(customer);bookings.add(booking);}// Reset the database on each startdb.setCustomers(customers);db.setBookings(bookings);}/*** 获取数据库所有票务信息* @return*/public List<BookingDetails> getBookings() {return db.getBookings().stream().map(this::toBookingDetails).toList();}/*** 根据订单号 合购票者姓名查找票务信息* @param bookingNumber* @param name* @return*/private Booking findBooking(String bookingNumber, String name) {return db.getBookings().stream().filter(b -> b.getBookingNumber().equalsIgnoreCase(bookingNumber)).filter(b -> b.getCustomer().getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)).findFirst().orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("Booking not found"));}/*** 根据订单号 合购票者姓名查找票务信息* @param bookingNumber* @param name* @return*/public BookingDetails getBookingDetails(String bookingNumber, String name) {var booking = findBooking(bookingNumber, name);return toBookingDetails(booking);}/*** 改签票务* @param bookingNumber* @param name* @param newDate* @param from* @param to*/public void changeBooking(String bookingNumber, String name, String newDate, String from, String to) {var booking = findBooking(bookingNumber, name);if (booking.getDate().isBefore(LocalDate.now().plusDays(1))) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Booking cannot be changed within 24 hours of the start date.");}booking.setDate(LocalDate.parse(newDate));booking.setFrom(from);booking.setTo(to);}/*** 退票* @param bookingNumber* @param name*/public void cancelBooking(String bookingNumber, String name) {var booking = findBooking(bookingNumber, name);if (booking.getDate().isBefore(LocalDate.now().plusDays(2))) {throw new IllegalArgumentException("Booking cannot be cancelled within 48 hours of the start date.");}booking.setBookingStatus(BookingStatus.CANCELLED);}private BookingDetails toBookingDetails(Booking booking) {return new BookingDetails(booking.getBookingNumber(), booking.getCustomer().getName(), booking.getDate(),booking.getBookingStatus(), booking.getFrom(), booking.getTo(), booking.getBookingClass().toString());}}

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.services;import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.function.Function;import ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.data.BookingStatus;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude.Include;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Description;
import org.springframework.core.NestedExceptionUtils;@Configuration
public class BookingTools {private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BookingTools.class);@Autowiredprivate FlightBookingService flightBookingService;/*** 获取票务信息工具请求* @param bookingNumber* @param name*/public record BookingDetailsRequest(String bookingNumber, String name) {}/*** 改签票务工具请求* @param bookingNumber* @param name* @param date* @param from* @param to*/public record ChangeBookingDatesRequest(String bookingNumber, String name, String date, String from, String to) {}/*** 退票工具请求* @param bookingNumber* @param name*/public record CancelBookingRequest(String bookingNumber, String name) {}/*** 获取票务信息工具返回* @param bookingNumber* @param name* @param date* @param bookingStatus* @param from* @param to* @param bookingClass*/@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NULL)public record BookingDetails(String bookingNumber, String name, LocalDate date, BookingStatus bookingStatus,String from, String to, String bookingClass) {}/*** 获取机票预定详细信息 工具* @return*/@Bean@Description("获取机票预定详细信息")public Function<BookingDetailsRequest, BookingDetails> getBookingDetails() {return request -> {try {return flightBookingService.getBookingDetails(request.bookingNumber(), request.name());}catch (Exception e) {logger.warn("Booking details: {}", NestedExceptionUtils.getMostSpecificCause(e).getMessage());return new BookingDetails(request.bookingNumber(), request.name(), null, null, null, null, null);}};}/*** 修改机票预定日期工具* @return*/@Bean@Description("修改机票预定日期")public Function<ChangeBookingDatesRequest, String> changeBooking() {return request -> {flightBookingService.changeBooking(request.bookingNumber(), request.name(), request.date(), request.from(),request.to());return "";};}/*** 取消机票预定 工具* @return*/@Bean@Description("取消机票预定")public Function<CancelBookingRequest, String> cancelBooking() {return request -> {flightBookingService.cancelBooking(request.bookingNumber(), request.name());return "";};}}

/** Copyright 2024-2024 the original author or authors.** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.* You may obtain a copy of the License at**      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and* limitations under the License.*/package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.services;import java.time.LocalDate;import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.advisor.PromptChatMemoryAdvisor;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.advisor.QuestionAnswerAdvisor;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.advisor.SimpleLoggerAdvisor;
import org.springframework.ai.chat.memory.ChatMemory;
import org.springframework.ai.vectorstore.SearchRequest;
import org.springframework.ai.vectorstore.VectorStore;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import static org.springframework.ai.chat.client.advisor.AbstractChatMemoryAdvisor.CHAT_MEMORY_CONVERSATION_ID_KEY;
import static org.springframework.ai.chat.client.advisor.AbstractChatMemoryAdvisor.CHAT_MEMORY_RETRIEVE_SIZE_KEY;/*** 智能机票助手 agent*/
@Service
public class CustomerSupportAssistant {private final ChatClient chatClient;public CustomerSupportAssistant(ChatClient.Builder modelBuilder, VectorStore vectorStore, ChatMemory chatMemory) {// 初始化 Agent 智能体this.chatClient = modelBuilder.defaultSystem("""您是“Funnair”航空公司的客户聊天支持代理。请以友好、乐于助人且愉快的方式来回复。您正在通过在线聊天系统与客户互动。您能够支持已有机票的预订详情查询、机票日期改签、机票预订取消等操作，其余功能将在后续版本中添加，如果用户问的问题不支持请告知详情。在提供有关机票预订详情查询、机票日期改签、机票预订取消等操作之前，您必须始终从用户处获取以下信息：预订号、客户姓名。在询问用户之前，请检查消息历史记录以获取预订号、客户姓名等信息，尽量避免重复询问给用户造成困扰。在更改预订之前，您必须确保条款允许这样做。如果更改需要收费，您必须在继续之前征得用户同意。使用提供的功能获取预订详细信息、更改预订和取消预订。如果需要，您可以调用相应函数辅助完成。请讲中文。今天的日期是 {current_date}.""").defaultAdvisors(//对话记忆new PromptChatMemoryAdvisor(chatMemory), // Chat Memory// new VectorStoreChatMemoryAdvisor(vectorStore)),//RAG知识库new QuestionAnswerAdvisor(vectorStore, SearchRequest.builder().topK(4).similarityThresholdAll().build()), // RAG// new QuestionAnswerAdvisor(vectorStore, SearchRequest.defaults()// 	.withFilterExpression("'documentType' == 'terms-of-service' && region in ['EU', 'US']")),// loggernew SimpleLoggerAdvisor())//定义工具  对应 BookingTools中的三个方法.defaultFunctions("getBookingDetails", "changeBooking", "cancelBooking") // FUNCTION CALLING.build();}public Flux<String> chat(String chatId, String userMessageContent) {return this.chatClient.prompt()
//				current_date  defaultSystem中的变量.system(s -> s.param("current_date", LocalDate.now().toString())).user(userMessageContent).advisors(a -> a.param(CHAT_MEMORY_CONVERSATION_ID_KEY, chatId).param(CHAT_MEMORY_RETRIEVE_SIZE_KEY, 100)).stream().content();}}

7、机票列表接口和智能体对话接口

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.client;import ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.services.BookingTools.BookingDetails;
import ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.services.FlightBookingService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import java.util.List;@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class BookingController {private final FlightBookingService flightBookingService;public BookingController(FlightBookingService flightBookingService) {this.flightBookingService = flightBookingService;}@RequestMapping("/")public String index() {return "index";}/*** 获取数据库所有票务信息* @return*/@RequestMapping("/api/bookings")@ResponseBodypublic List<BookingDetails> getBookings() {return flightBookingService.getBookings();}}

package ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.client;import ai.spring.demo.ai.playground.services.CustomerSupportAssistant;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;@RequestMapping("/api/assistant")
@RestController
public class AssistantController {private final CustomerSupportAssistant agent;public AssistantController(CustomerSupportAssistant agent) {this.agent = agent;}@RequestMapping(path="/chat", produces = MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM_VALUE)public Flux<String> chat(String chatId, String userMessage) {return agent.chat(chatId, userMessage);}}

8、页面展示如下

访问 http://127.0.0.1:19000/