本文章不作任何商业用途 仅作学习与交流 教程来自Unity唐老狮
关于练习题部分是我观看教程之后自己实现 所以和老师写法可能不太一样
唐老师说掌握其基本思路即可,因为前端程序一般不需要去写后端逻辑
1.认识Socket的重要API
Socket是什么
Socket（套接字）是计算机网络编程中用于实现网络通信的一种机制，它提供了不同主机之间进行数据交换的接口。通过 Socket，程序可以在网络上发送和接收数据，实现客户端与服务器之间的通信。在 .NET 框架中，Socket 类位于 System.Net.Sockets 命名空间，它封装了底层的网络通信细节，使得开发者能够方便地进行网络编程
创建Socket
Socket serverTcp = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);
| 参数 | 含义 | 常见取值及说明 |
|---|---|---|
AddressFamily | 网络地址类型 | InterNetwork：IPv4；InterNetworkV6：IPv6 |
SocketType | 通信方式 | Stream：面向连接，用 TCP；Dgram：无连接，用 UDP |
ProtocolType | 传输协议 | Tcp：配合 Stream 实现可靠通信；Udp：配合 Dgram 实现低延迟通信 |
Socket常用属性
检查接收缓冲区可用字节数
Socket.Available获取服务端本地绑定的地址信息
IPEndPoint localEp = clientSocket.LocalEndPoint as IPEndPoint;Console.WriteLine($"服务端本地地址：{localEp.Address}, 端口：{localEp.Port}");
| 属性名称 | 定义与作用 | 返回值类型 | 使用说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
Available | 获取当前接收缓冲区中可读取的字节数，用于判断当前有多少网络数据已到达且可被读取 | int | 直接返回可用字节数，如 int availableBytes = socketTcp.Available;，辅助优化数据读取逻辑 |
LocalEndPoint | 获取套接字绑定的本地网络端点（包含本地 IP 地址和端口号） | object | 需强制转换为 IPEndPoint 使用，如：IPEndPoint localIpEndPoint = socketTcp.LocalEndPoint as IPEndPoint;转换后可通过 .Address 取 IP，.Port 取端口 |
Socket常用方法
服务端
| 步骤 | 说明 | 关键代码 |
|---|---|---|
| 1-1 | 绑定 IP 和端口，为服务端指定通信地址与端口 | IPEndPoint ipPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8080);socketTcp.Bind(ipPoint); |
| 1-2 | 设置允许同时连接的客户端最大数量，控制服务端连接队列长度 | socketTcp.Listen(10); |
| 1-3 | 阻塞等待客户端连接，成功连接后返回与客户端通信的专属套接字 | socketTcp.Accept(); |
客户端
| 步骤 | 说明 | 关键代码 |
|---|---|---|
| 客户端发起连接 | 让客户端套接字与目标服务端（通过 IP 地址和端口标识）建立网络连接，构建通信链路 | socketTcp.Connect(IPAddress.Parse("118.12.123.11"), 8080); |
通用
| 分类 | 步骤 | 说明 | 关键代码 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 客户端服务端通用操作 | 1 | 释放连接并关闭 Socket，需先调用 Shutdown | socketTcp.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both); |
| 2 | 关闭连接，释放所有 Socket 关联资源 | socketTcp.Close(); | |
| 3 | 同步发送和接收数据 | 通常如
| |
| 4 | 异步发送和接收数据 | 通常涉及 BeginSend BeginReceive 等异步方法，如 socketTcp.BeginReceive(回调, 状态对象); |
2.TCP连接(UDP同理)
服务端: 注意 服务端创建了两个套接字
一个是服务端本体用于绑定、监听客户端连接
一个是通道 用于对 该 客户端 收发数据
当然只是一个客户端的情况 如果有多个客户端 你可以将channel直接命名为对应客户端的名字
如图所示:
127.0.0.1是特殊地址 也就是 回环地址 可以不需要网络 就让本机成为服务端
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
//服务器端套接字流程//1 创建服务端套接字
Socket serverTcp = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);//2 服务端绑定门牌号 并 监听请求客户端连接 "127.0.0.1"是回环地址
IPEndPoint sIpoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"),8080);
serverTcp.Bind(sIpoint);
serverTcp.Listen(1024);
Console.WriteLine("等待客户端连接");//3 建立连接和等待返回 通道套接字 (三次握手以后,所以该处会阻塞线程)
Socket channelSocket = serverTcp.Accept();
Console.WriteLine("未建立连接时 不会打印这句话");//4 通过中间套接字 进行数据收发
channelSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("服务端:欢迎连接服务端"));//服务端接收时需要有容器
byte[] result = new byte[1024];
int receiveNums = channelSocket.Receive(result);//返回接收的字节数
Console.WriteLine($"获取的客户端Ip和端口{channelSocket.RemoteEndPoint}," +$"接受到的消息为:{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(result, 0, receiveNums)}");//5 释放连接
channelSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
//6 关闭套接字
channelSocket.Close();关于同步阻塞线程问题
客户端:客户端只需要自己的套接字即可
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;public class Socatct : MonoBehaviour
{// Start is called once before the first execution of Update after the MonoBehaviour is createdvoid Start(){//Socket clientUdp = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Dgram,ProtocolType.Udp);//Socket clientTcp = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);//1 创建客户端套接字Socket clientTcp = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);//2 通过IPEndPoint确定服务端ip和端口IPEndPoint ipPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8080);//3 尝试连接clientTcp.Connect(ipPoint);//4 客户端接受服务端数据 和 发送数据 byte[] receiveBytes = new byte[1024];int resultNum = clientTcp.Receive(receiveBytes);clientTcp.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("这句话是客户端发来的"));//打印服务端来的信息Debug.Log(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receiveBytes,0, resultNum));//5 释放连接和关闭套接字clientTcp.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);clientTcp.Close();}
}
图解
3.服务端练习题
问题1:
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;Server server = new Server();server.Init(true,false);
server.CloseAllCannel();
//服务端类
class Server
{public Socket serverSocket;public List<Socket> cannelSockets = new List<Socket>();private Thread? acceptThread;private Thread? getMsgThread;private readonly object _lockObject = new object();/// <summary>/// 初始化 选择TCP还是UDP连接/// </summary>/// <param name="tcp"></param>/// <param name="udp"></param>public void Init(bool tcp, bool udp){if (tcp)serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);if (udp)serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);BindIPEndPoint();InitThread();}/// <summary>/// 绑定IP地址和端口号/// </summary>/// <param name="ip"></param>/// <param name="port"></param>private void BindIPEndPoint(string ip = "127.0.0.1", int port = 8080){IPEndPoint iPEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);serverSocket.Bind(iPEndPoint);serverSocket.Listen(1024);Console.WriteLine("等待客户端连接");}private void InitThread(){acceptThread = new Thread(AcceptClient);acceptThread.Start();getMsgThread = new Thread(GetMsgFromClient);getMsgThread.Start();}/// <summary>/// 等待客户端连接/// </summary>private void AcceptClient(){while (true){Socket cannelSocket = serverSocket.Accept();// 默认发送消息cannelSocket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("欢迎来到服务器"));lock (_lockObject){cannelSockets.Add(cannelSocket);}}}private void GetMsgFromClient(){//容器 1024 * 1Kb = 1Mbbyte[] buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024];int length;while (true){List<Socket> socketsCopy;lock (_lockObject){socketsCopy = new List<Socket>(cannelSockets);}foreach (Socket cannelSocket in socketsCopy){if (cannelSocket.Available > 0) //有数据可读{length = cannelSocket.Receive(buffer);//消息处理交给新线程ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(HandleMsg, (cannelSocket, Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, length)));}}}}private void HandleMsg(object msg){(Socket s, string srt) info = ((Socket s, string srt))msg;Console.WriteLine($"客户端IP以及端口号=>{info.s.RemoteEndPoint}" +$"发送消息：{info.srt}");}public void CloseAllCannel(){string input = Console.ReadLine();while (true){if (input == "Quit"){lock (_lockObject){foreach (Socket cannelSocket in cannelSockets){cannelSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);cannelSocket.Close();}cannelSockets.Clear();Console.WriteLine("已关闭所有连接");}break;}}}
}
问题2
就是把服务端的Channel(也就是对应Client的通道 封装成一个类)
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;Server server = new Server();
server.Init(true, false);
server.CloseAllCannel();// 通道类，封装channelSocket相关操作
class Channel
{private readonly Socket _socket;private readonly byte[] _buffer = new byte[1024 * 1024];public Channel(Socket socket){_socket = socket;}// 发送消息public void SendMessage(string message){byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);_socket.Send(data);}// 接收消息（异步处理更合适，这里简化示例）public string? ReceiveMessage(){if (_socket.Available > 0){int length = _socket.Receive(_buffer);return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_buffer, 0, length);}return null;}// 关闭通道public void Close(){_socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);_socket.Close();}public IPEndPoint RemoteEndPoint => (IPEndPoint)_socket.RemoteEndPoint!;
}// 服务端类
class Server
{public Socket serverSocket;private List<Channel> channelList = new List<Channel>();private Thread? acceptThread;private Thread? getMsgThread;private readonly object _lockObject = new object();/// <summary>/// 初始化 选择TCP还是UDP连接/// </summary>/// <param name="tcp"></param>/// <param name="udp"></param>public void Init(bool tcp, bool udp, string ip = "127.0.0.1", int port = 8080){if (tcp)serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);if (udp)serverSocket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);BindIPEndPoint(ip, port);InitThread();}/// <summary>/// 绑定IP地址和端口号/// </summary>/// <param name="ip"></param>/// <param name="port"></param>public void BindIPEndPoint(string ip, int port){IPEndPoint iPEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);serverSocket.Bind(iPEndPoint);serverSocket.Listen(1024);Console.WriteLine("等待客户端连接");}private void InitThread(){acceptThread = new Thread(AcceptClient);acceptThread.Start();getMsgThread = new Thread(GetMsgFromClient);getMsgThread.Start();}/// <summary>/// 等待客户端连接/// </summary>private void AcceptClient(){while (true){Socket channelSocket = serverSocket.Accept();Channel channel = new Channel(channelSocket);channel.SendMessage("欢迎来到服务器");lock (_lockObject){channelList.Add(channel);}}}private void GetMsgFromClient(){while (true){List<Channel> channelsCopy;lock (_lockObject){channelsCopy = new List<Channel>(channelList);}foreach (Channel channel in channelsCopy){string? msg = channel.ReceiveMessage();if (msg != null){// 消息处理交给新线程ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(HandleMsg, (channel, msg));}}}}private void HandleMsg(object state){(Channel channel, string msg) info = ((Channel channel, string msg))state;Console.WriteLine($"客户端IP以及端口号=>{info.channel.RemoteEndPoint} 发送消息：{info.msg}");}public void CloseAllCannel(){string input = Console.ReadLine();while (true){if (input == "Quit"){lock (_lockObject){foreach (Channel channel in channelList){channel.Close();}channelList.Clear();Console.WriteLine("已关闭所有连接");}break;}}}
}4.客户端 练习题
问题:
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using UnityEngine;public class ClientManager
{private Socket clientTcp;private Thread receiveThread;private bool isRunning;public void Connect(string ip, int port){try{// 1 创建客户端套接字clientTcp = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);// 2 通过 IPEndPoint 确定服务端 ip 和端口IPEndPoint ipPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);// 3 尝试连接clientTcp.Connect(ipPoint);isRunning = true;// 启动接收线程receiveThread = new Thread(ReceiveData);receiveThread.Start();}catch (Exception e){Debug.LogError($"连接失败: {e.Message}");}}private void ReceiveData(){try{while (isRunning){byte[] receiveBytes = new byte[1024];int resultNum = clientTcp.Receive(receiveBytes);if (resultNum > 0){// 打印服务端来的信息string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(receiveBytes, 0, resultNum);Debug.Log($"接收到服务端消息: {message}");}}}catch (Exception e){Debug.LogError($"接收数据出错: {e.Message}");}}public void SendMessage(string message){try{if (clientTcp != null && clientTcp.Connected){clientTcp.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));}}catch (Exception e){Debug.LogError($"发送消息出错: {e.Message}");}}public void Disconnect(){isRunning = false;if (receiveThread != null && receiveThread.IsAlive){receiveThread.Join();}if (clientTcp != null && clientTcp.Connected){// 5 释放连接和关闭套接字clientTcp.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);clientTcp.Close();}}
}使用:
using UnityEngine;public class UseSocketClient练习题 : MonoBehaviour
{ClientManager clientManager;void Start(){clientManager = new ClientManager();// 修改连接的 IP 地址和端口号clientManager.Connect("127.0.0.1",8080);// 修改发送的消息内容clientManager.SendMessage("这是修改后的消息");}void OnDestroy(){clientManager.Disconnect();}
}测试
：JVM概述和JVM功能)
 服务无法启动)
