第二节 docker基础之---镜像构建及挂载

查看当前镜像：

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
[root@docker ~]#很明显docker是咱们新搭建的所以目前还没有镜像

1，搜索镜像：

[root@docker ~]# docker search centos

搜索镜像并过滤是官方的：

[root@docker ~]# docker search --filter 'is-official=true' centos

过滤星级镜像：

[root@docker ~]#例如过滤出大于10星级的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker search --filter stars=10 centos

2，下载镜像：

[root@docker ~]# 例如下载centos7的镜像如果是版本6在冒号后面修改成6即可
[root@docker ~]# docker pull centos:7
7: Pulling from library/centos
2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:be65f488b7764ad3638f236b7b515b3678369a5124c47b8d32916d6487418ea4
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
docker.io/library/centos:7
[root@docker ~]#因为我前面已经部署了阿里云的镜像所以下载比较快，下载慢的话可以部署一下

下载好之后进行查看一下本地镜像：

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
centos       7         eeb6ee3f44bd   16 months ago   204MB
[root@docker ~]#已经显示了

3，修改镜像名和版本标签：

[root@docker ~]#例如把centos修改为mycentos版本7修改成1
[root@docker ~]# docker tag centos:7 mycentos:1

进行查看：

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
centos       7         eeb6ee3f44bd   16 months ago   204MB
mycentos     1         eeb6ee3f44bd   16 months ago   204MB
[root@docker ~]# 可以看到已经多出一条修改成功了但是id没变可以理解为重命名

4，删除镜像：

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi eeb6ee3f44bd
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to delete eeb6ee3f44bd (must be forced) - image is referenced in multiple repositories
[root@docker ~]#像上述那样重命名一个有两个一样的id直接删除id会导致系统不知道要删除哪一个

可以直接指定名称删除：

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi centos:7
Untagged: centos:7
Untagged: centos@sha256:be65f488b7764ad3638f236b7b515b3678369a5124c47b8d32916d6487418ea4
[root@docker ~]#

进行查看：（已经删除成功）

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycentos     1         eeb6ee3f44bd   16 months ago   204MB

5，配置阿里云镜像加速：

进入阿里云官网：

https://cn.aliyun.com/

6，容器的构建基本操作

-i以交互模式去运行这个容器
-t表示为尾数表示一个输入终端
通常-i和t一起组合运行
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it eeb6ee3f44bd
[root@4f7f394c7b56 /]#
[root@4f7f394c7b56 /]#
[root@4f7f394c7b56 /]# exit
exit
[root@docker ~]#

查看运行的容器：

[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@docker ~]#无容器运行[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
4f7f394c7b56   eeb6ee3f44bd   "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             pensive_chatterjee
[root@docker ~]#加上-a表示所有不管正在运行还是没有运行的都显示出来

启动运行的容器：

[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd centos:7
41e2126bc593bfd902080668294ef294301e81c3f2802518189983c1b6eacca4
[root@docker ~]#查看是否运行成功
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
41e2126bc593   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   34 seconds ago   Up 34 seconds             admiring_bohr
[root@docker ~]#运行成功#注意如果上述运行centos:7的时候不加:7的执行结果为会从镜像里面拉去最新的下载执行

停止运行的容器：

[root@docker ~]# docker stop 41e21     #可以不输入全部ID前四五位即可
41e21
[root@docker ~]# docker ps   #查看状态已经没有在运行
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@docker ~]##注意（还可以在启动时设置一个名字停止运行时执行名字即可如下）
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name=mycentos centos:7   名字设置为mycentos
fd4223709f41cd45d19817c69b8dbac4b887fdfc3a04da332a6fe4ab04973d01
[root@docker ~]# docker ps  查看是否运行（运行中）
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
fd4223709f41   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   11 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds             mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker stop mycentos  使用命名关闭容器
mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker ps 查看是否运行（关闭状态）
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@docker ~]# docker restart mycentos  对命名容器进行重启
mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker ps   查看状态（启动成功运行中）
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
fd4223709f41   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Up 7 seconds             mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a   查看全部
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
fd4223709f41   centos:7       "/bin/bash"   4 minutes ago    Up 2 minutes                           mycentos
41e2126bc593   centos:7       "/bin/bash"   13 minutes ago   Exited (137) 8 minutes ago             admiring_bohr
4f7f394c7b56   eeb6ee3f44bd   "/bin/bash"   18 minutes ago   Exited (0) 18 minutes ago              pensive_chatterjee
[root@docker ~]#

删除容器：

[root@docker ~]# docker rm 41e2126bc593 4f7f394c7b56  输入容器ID（可以多个）
41e2126bc593
4f7f394c7b56
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
fd4223709f41   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   9 minutes ago   Up 6 minutes             mycentos
[root@docker ~]#假如要删除正在运行的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker rm fd4223709f41  会出现报错
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container fd4223709f41cd45d19817c69b8dbac4b887fdfc3a04da332a6fe4ab04973d01. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove
[root@docker ~]#只需加上-f属性就可以进行强制删除
[root@docker ~]# docker rm -f fd4223709f41
fd4223709f41
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a  查看（没有容器）
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@docker ~]#

查看容器详情信息：

[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name=mycentos centos:7  启动容器命名为mycentos
47bf21e86920a03780e6916147f25b10e2f263101633fee30fbb0ee738b5846e
[root@docker ~]# docker ps  查看运行
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
47bf21e86920   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   24 seconds ago   Up 23 seconds             mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect mycentos  查看详情信息
[{"Id": "47bf21e86920a03780e6916147f25b10e2f263101633fee30fbb0ee738b5846e","Created": "2023-02-03T07:12:35.675093246Z","Path": "/bin/bash","Args": [],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 11586,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2023-02-03T07:12:35.90377691Z",

进入容器：

[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mycentos /bin/bash    后缀表示是以什么解释器进入
[root@47bf21e86920 /]# ps -ef  查看当前运行用户
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 07:12 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         15      0  0 07:16 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         29     15  0 07:17 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@47bf21e86920 /]# uname  基于linux
Linux
[root@47bf21e86920 /]# exit   退出
exit
[root@docker ~]#

同时停止运行多个容器：

[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd centos:7   启动一个
475d493ec77156d9576d017b1bc3919c957d21acefdbc331409a5250f5964298
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd centos:7   启动两个
91b5ba8dfd78c35f674db12f228b5a6b597b228f1d7fd3902811ad88afb98a9e
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd centos:7   启动三个
3b0d1f2fb104722c3002a3c1af57da7f36902a70915754954b4840b517a03290
[root@docker ~]# docker ps  进行查看
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
3b0d1f2fb104   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   7 seconds ago    Up 7 seconds              epic_hoover
91b5ba8dfd78   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   9 seconds ago    Up 8 seconds              lucid_carver
475d493ec771   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   11 seconds ago   Up 11 seconds             gallant_jackson
47bf21e86920   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago    Up 8 minutes              mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)  停止正在运行的多个容器
3b0d1f2fb104
91b5ba8dfd78
475d493ec771
47bf21e86920
[root@docker ~]# docker ps  查看已停止
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a -q  查看ID
3b0d1f2fb104
91b5ba8dfd78
475d493ec771
47bf21e86920
[root@docker ~]# docker restart $(docker ps -a -q)  进行同时启动多个容器
3b0d1f2fb104
91b5ba8dfd78
475d493ec771
47bf21e86920
[root@docker ~]# docker ps  查看启动状态
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
3b0d1f2fb104   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago    Up 7 seconds             epic_hoover
91b5ba8dfd78   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago    Up 7 seconds             lucid_carver
475d493ec771   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago    Up 7 seconds             gallant_jackson
47bf21e86920   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   11 minutes ago   Up 7 seconds             mycentos
[root@docker ~]#

7，容器的文件复制与挂载

[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd --name=mycentos centos:7  启动命名为mycentos
e37b96055fd48a317cf995213671b4ebc6cac86c9215067d7839f284e972f41b
[root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]#
[root@docker ~]# docker ps  查看运行
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
e37b96055fd4   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             mycentos

本机传文件进容器：

[root@docker ~]# pwd  查看当前目录
/root
[root@docker ~]# cat > 123.txt  新建一个为123.txt的文档输入lyx内容
lyx
^C
[root@docker ~]# cat 123.txt  查看内容
lyx
[root@docker ~]#将本机root目录下123.txt文档复制到容器/home/目录下
[root@docker ~]# docker cp /root/123.txt mycentos:/home/
Successfully copied 2.048kB to mycentos:/home/
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it mycentos /bin/bash 进入容器
[root@e37b96055fd4 /]# cd /home/  进入home目录下
[root@e37b96055fd4 home]# ls  查看文档
123.txt
[root@e37b96055fd4 home]# cat 123.txt  查看内容
lyx
[root@e37b96055fd4 home]#

容器传文件到本机：

[root@e37b96055fd4 home]# cat > 456.txt 创建456.txt文档输入内容456
456
^C
[root@e37b96055fd4 home]# cat 456.txt 查看内容
456
[root@e37b96055fd4 home]# exit  退出
[root@docker ~]# docker cp mycentos:/home/456.txt /root/  进行复制
Successfully copied 2.048kB to /root/
[root@docker ~]# ls  本机查看文档
123.txt  456.txt  anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@docker ~]# cat 456.txt  本机查看文档内容
456
[root@docker ~]#

挂载（本机挂载到容器）

[root@docker ~]# mkdir lyx  创建一个为lyx的文件夹
[root@docker ~]# docker run -itd -v /root/lyx/:/home centos:7  -v表示挂载
1b054a890054cd307069c992eef14f58f0d9bad39460f0d252ca46ff32dad837
[root@docker ~]# docker ps  查看运行
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
1b054a890054   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   8 seconds ago    Up 7 seconds              admiring_euler
e37b96055fd4   centos:7   "/bin/bash"   19 minutes ago   Up 19 minutes             mycentos
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 1b054a890054 /bin/bash  进入容器
[root@1b054a890054 /]# cd /home  进入目录
[root@1b054a890054 home]# touch 666.txt  创建666.txt文档
[root@1b054a890054 home]# ls  查看
666.txt
[root@docker ~]# cd lyx/  本机进入lyx目录
[root@docker lyx]# ls  进行查看同步显示有666.txt文档
666.txt
[root@1b054a890054 home]# cat > 666.txt 容器书写两行6
666666666666
666666666666
^C
[root@1b054a890054 home]# cat 666.txt 进行查看
666666666666
666666666666
[root@1b054a890054 home]#
[root@docker lyx]# cat 666.txt  本机查看同步输出内容一致
666666666666
666666666666

创建数据卷容器

启动名为mycentos1的容器，要求此容器包含两上数据卷/opt/volume1和/opt/volume2。

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -v /opt/volume1 -v /opt/volume2 --name mycentos1 centos:7 /bin/bash[root@74890abe0c22 /]# cd /opt/
[root@74890abe0c22 opt]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Feb 28 02:21 volume1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Feb 28 02:21 volume2[root@74890abe0c22 opt]# 容器内数据卷目录vloume1和volume2已经创建

在宿主机上查看与数据卷对应的目录路径。

[root@docker ~]# docker inspect mycentos1|grep /var/lib/docker/volumes"Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/32c4edd9e4e960db559390298dce1da0743a52148a8181a74dc27db4d269c3d8/_data","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/253422197ec80ea80c352df6d703e7f254a3d7764e05a0592cb8583ebcef707f/_data",
[root@docker ~]#从显示结果可以看到与数据卷对应的目录路径

创建mycentos2容器，挂载mycentos1容器种的数据卷。

[root@docker ~]# docker run -it --rm --volumes-from mycentos1 --name mycentos2 centos:7 /bin/bash[root@b63a62d07d5d /]# cd /opt/
[root@b63a62d07d5d opt]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Feb 28 02:21 volume1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Feb 28 02:21 volume2[root@b63a62d07d5d opt]# 从显示结果上可以看到volume1和volume2数据卷都存在