05_Flutter屏幕适配
一.屏幕适配方案
通过指定基准屏宽度,进行适配,基准屏宽度取决于设计图的基准宽度,以iphone 14 pro max
为例,
devicePixelRatio = 物理宽度 / 逻辑宽度(基准宽度)
iphone 14 pro max
的物理尺寸宽度为1290,基准屏尺寸375,也就是逻辑尺寸,因此可以得到像素比devicePixelRatio
为3.44。
也就是说1个逻辑像素 = 3.4个物理像素。这样就把多样化的物理尺寸宽度都统一成了375的逻辑像素。搭建界面的时候以375的逻辑宽度去搭建即可。
二.确定新的逻辑尺寸和像素比
竖屏状态下,Flutter默认的逻辑像素的计算规则是:
逻辑宽度 = 物理宽度 / 像素比
Flutter默认的像素比使用的是像素密度,就是我们平时常说的一倍屏、二倍屏、三倍屏。三倍屏的像素密度是3.0…
因此,我们需要修改默认的逻辑尺寸,将逻辑宽度统一成375。首先确定新的像素比devicePixelRatio。
新的像素比 = 物理宽度 / 375
从而确定新的逻辑尺寸为:
新的逻辑尺寸 = 默认的逻辑尺寸 / 新的像素比
三.默认的逻辑尺寸和像素比的确定过程
那么接下来的问题就是怎么将Flutter默认的逻辑尺寸和像素比修改为新的逻辑尺寸和像素比了,查看源码可以知道,runApp时首先会示例化一个WidgetsFlutterBinding的单例对象。
void runApp(Widget app) {final WidgetsBinding binding = WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();assert(binding.debugCheckZone('runApp'));binding..scheduleAttachRootWidget(binding.wrapWithDefaultView(app))..scheduleWarmUpFrame();
}
也就是通过WidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized()来实例话这个静态单例。后续我们可以通过WidgetsBinding.instance拿到这个对象:
class WidgetsFlutterBinding extends BindingBase with GestureBinding, SchedulerBinding, ServicesBinding, PaintingBinding, SemanticsBinding, RendererBinding, WidgetsBinding {static WidgetsBinding ensureInitialized() {if (WidgetsBinding._instance == null) {WidgetsFlutterBinding();}return WidgetsBinding.instance;}
}
而WidgetsFlutterBinding是继承了BindingBase的,因此WidgetsFlutterBinding示例化的同时,会调用BindingBase的构造方法,接着看BindingBase的构造方法:
BindingBase() {...initInstances();...
}
BindingBase的构造方法中,会调用initInstances(),initInstances()调用的同时,会调用RendererBinding的initInstances()方法,接着看RendererBinding的initInstances方法:
void initInstances() {super.initInstances();...initRenderView();...
}
RendererBinding的initInstances方法中,会调用initRenderView方法,接着看RendererBinding的initRenderView方法:
void initRenderView() {...renderView = RenderView(configuration: createViewConfiguration(), view: platformDispatcher.implicitView!);...
}
RendererBinding的initRenderView方法会创建一个RenderView对象,同时RendererBinding为renderView提供了set方法,这就意味着我们可以在外部重新设置renderView的值,创建RenderView的时候会传入ViewConfiguration,和一个FlutterView对象,通过这个FlutterView对象,我们可以获取到设备的物理尺寸以及像素密度,以Android为例,这个FlutterView对象就对应着Acrivity的DecorView。接着看createViewConfiguration方法:
ViewConfiguration createViewConfiguration() {final FlutterView view = platformDispatcher.implicitView!;final double devicePixelRatio = view.devicePixelRatio;return ViewConfiguration(size: view.physicalSize / devicePixelRatio,devicePixelRatio: devicePixelRatio,);
}
可以看到,ViewConfiguration对象的创建过程,会传递默认的像素比,以及确定默认的逻辑尺寸,这里就是我们第一个需要修改的地方,那么怎么修改,毫无疑问,需要把RendererBinding的renderView的值替换成我们自己创建的,这样我们就可以根据自己计算的逻辑尺寸和像素比去创建ViewConfiguration了。
四.MediaQuery的确定过程
回到runApp的源码:
void runApp(Widget app) {...binding..scheduleAttachRootWidget(binding.wrapWithDefaultView(app))...
}
WidgetsFlutterBinding示例化完成后,会通过WidgetsFlutterBinding的wrapWithDefaultView方法包装MaterialApp。接着看WidgetsFlutterBinding的wrapWithDefaultView方法:
Widget wrapWithDefaultView(Widget rootWidget) {return View(view: platformDispatcher.implicitView!,child: rootWidget,);
}
可以看到,这里使用了View包装MaterialApp,那么接着看View的build方法:
Widget build(BuildContext context) {return _ViewScope(view: view,child: MediaQuery.fromView(view: view,child: child,),);
}
MediaQuery的build过程:
Widget build(BuildContext context) {MediaQueryData effectiveData = _data!;if (!kReleaseMode && _parentData == null && effectiveData.platformBrightness != debugBrightnessOverride) {effectiveData = effectiveData.copyWith(platformBrightness: debugBrightnessOverride);}return MediaQuery(data: effectiveData,child: widget.child,);
}
看到这里,就可以知道,可以通过在MaterialApp外部包裹一个MediaQuery组件,同时传入新的逻辑尺寸和像素比。这是第二个需要修改的地方。
五.修改默认的逻辑尺寸和像素比
这里就直接上代码了:
class ScreenAdapterBinding extends StatelessWidget {final double baseScreenWidth;final Widget child;const ScreenAdapterBinding({super.key,this.baseScreenWidth = 375,required this.child});Widget build(BuildContext context) {return _ScreenAdapterScope(baseScreenWidth: baseScreenWidth,view: View.of(context),child: child,);}}class _ScreenAdapterScope extends StatefulWidget {final double baseScreenWidth;final FlutterView view;final Widget child;const _ScreenAdapterScope({this.baseScreenWidth = 375,required this.view,required this.child,});State<StatefulWidget> createState() => _ScreenAdapterScopeState();}class _ScreenAdapterScopeState extends State<_ScreenAdapterScope> with WidgetsBindingObserver {MediaQueryData? _parentData;MediaQueryData? _data;get _devicePixelRatio {final FlutterView view = widget.view;//物理尺寸final Size physicalSize = view.physicalSize;//新的像素密度double baseWidth = widget.baseScreenWidth;double targetPixelRatio = physicalSize.width / baseWidth;if(targetPixelRatio == null || targetPixelRatio <= 0) {targetPixelRatio = view.devicePixelRatio;}return targetPixelRatio;}Size get _size {final FlutterView view = widget.view;return view.physicalSize / _devicePixelRatio;}void _updateParentData() {_parentData = MediaQuery.maybeOf(context);_data = null; // _updateData must be called again after changing parent data.}void _updateData() {WidgetsBinding.instance.renderView.configuration = ViewConfiguration(size: _size,devicePixelRatio: _devicePixelRatio);final MediaQueryData newData = MediaQueryData.fromView(widget.view, platformData: _parentData).copyWith(size: _size,devicePixelRatio: _devicePixelRatio,);if (newData != _data) {setState(() {_data = newData;});}}void initState() {super.initState();WidgetsBinding.instance.addObserver(this);}void didChangeDependencies() {super.didChangeDependencies();_updateParentData();_updateData();assert(_data != null);}void didUpdateWidget(_ScreenAdapterScope oldWidget) {super.didUpdateWidget(oldWidget);if (_data == null || oldWidget.view != widget.view) {_updateParentData();_updateData();}assert(_data != null);}void didChangeAccessibilityFeatures() {if (_parentData == null) {_updateData();}}void didChangeMetrics() {_updateData();}void didChangeTextScaleFactor() {if (_parentData == null) {_updateData();}}void didChangePlatformBrightness() {if (_parentData == null) {_updateData();}}void dispose() {WidgetsBinding.instance.removeObserver(this);super.dispose();}Widget build(BuildContext context) {MediaQueryData effectiveData = _data!;if (!kReleaseMode && _parentData == null && effectiveData.platformBrightness != debugBrightnessOverride) {effectiveData = effectiveData.copyWith(platformBrightness: debugBrightnessOverride);}return MediaQuery(data: effectiveData,child: widget.child,);}}
使用的时候,只需要将MaterialApp使用ScreenAdapterBinding包裹即可:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {const MyApp({super.key});Widget build(BuildContext context) {return ScreenAdapterBinding(baseScreenWidth: 375,child:MaterialApp(title: 'Flutter Demo',theme: ThemeData(primarySwatch: Colors.blue,),home: const MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),));}
}class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {const MyHomePage({super.key, required this.title});final String title;State<MyHomePage> createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {Widget build(BuildContext context) {return Scaffold(appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title),),body: Container(alignment: Alignment.center,color: Colors.white,child: Column(mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,children: <Widget>[Container(width: 375,height: 100,color: Colors.red,),Container(width: 370,height: 100,color: Colors.red,margin: const EdgeInsets.only(top: 20),)],),),//floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(onPressed: () {},child: const Icon(Icons.add),), // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.);}
}
可以看到第一个Container,宽度为375,刚好能够铺满屏幕,第二个Container,宽度为370,没有铺满屏幕,说明默认的逻辑尺寸和像素比已经被修改为了我们自己确定的结果。但是有个问题,那就是点击事件失效了。
六.修复点击事件
这里就不绕弯了,首先看GestureBinding的initInstances方法
void initInstances() {...platformDispatcher.onPointerDataPacket = _handlePointerDataPacket;
}
接着看GestureBinding的_handlePointerDataPacket方法:
void _handlePointerDataPacket(ui.PointerDataPacket packet) {// We convert pointer data to logical pixels so that e.g. the touch slop can be// defined in a device-independent manner.try {_pendingPointerEvents.addAll(PointerEventConverter.expand(packet.data, platformDispatcher.implicitView!.devicePixelRatio));if (!locked) {_flushPointerEventQueue();}} catch (error, stack) {FlutterError.reportError(FlutterErrorDetails(exception: error,stack: stack,library: 'gestures library',context: ErrorDescription('while handling a pointer data packet'),));}}
可以看到,这里在计算点击的触摸坐标时,还使用的是默认的像素比去计算的,因此,这里需要把默认的像素密度替换。直接上代码:
class _ScreenAdapterScopeState extends State<_ScreenAdapterScope> with WidgetsBindingObserver {...final Queue<PointerEvent> _pendingPointerEvents = Queue<PointerEvent>();void _handlePointerDataPacket(PointerDataPacket packet) {try {_pendingPointerEvents.addAll(PointerEventConverter.expand(packet.data, _devicePixelRatio));if (!WidgetsBinding.instance.locked) {_flushPointerEventQueue();}} catch (error, stack) {FlutterError.reportError(FlutterErrorDetails(exception: error,stack: stack,library: 'gestures library',context: ErrorDescription('while handling a pointer data packet'),));}}void _flushPointerEventQueue() {assert(!WidgetsBinding.instance.locked);while (_pendingPointerEvents.isNotEmpty) {WidgetsBinding.instance.handlePointerEvent(_pendingPointerEvents.removeFirst());}}void _updateParentData() {_parentData = MediaQuery.maybeOf(context);_data = null; // _updateData must be called again after changing parent data.}void _updateData() {WidgetsBinding.instance.renderView.configuration = ViewConfiguration(size: _size,devicePixelRatio: _devicePixelRatio);final MediaQueryData newData = MediaQueryData.fromView(widget.view, platformData: _parentData).copyWith(size: _size,devicePixelRatio: _devicePixelRatio,);WidgetsBinding.instance.platformDispatcher.onPointerDataPacket = _handlePointerDataPacket;if (newData != _data) {setState(() {_data = newData;});}}...}
完美搞定。