一文教会你如何使用 iLogtail SPL 处理日志

作者:阿柄

随着流式处理的发展,出现了越来越多的工具和语言,使得数据处理变得更加高效、灵活和易用。在此背景下,SLS 推出了 SPL(SLS Processing Language) 语法,以此统一查询、端上处理、数据加工等的语法,保证了数据处理的灵活性。iLogtail 作为日志、时序数据采集器,在 2.0 版本中,全面支持了 SPL 。本文对处理插件进行了梳理,介绍了如何编写 SPL 语句,从插件处理模式迁移到 2.0 版本的 SPL 处理模式,帮助用户实现更加灵活的端上数据处理。

SPL

iLogtail 一共支持 3 种处理模式。

  • 原生插件模式: 由 C++ 实现的原生插件,性能最强。
  • 拓展插件模式: 由 Go 实现的拓展插件,提供了丰富的生态,足够灵活。
  • SPL 模式: 随着 iLogtail 2.0 在 C++ 处理插件中支持了 SPL 的处理能力,对数据处理能力带来了很大的提升,兼顾性能与灵活性。用户只需要编写 SPL 语句,即可以利用 SPL 的计算能力,完成对数据的处理。SPL 语法可以参考:https://help.aliyun.com/zh/sls/user-guide/spl-syntax/

总的来说,iLogtail 2.0 + SPL 主要有以下的优势:

  1. 统一数据处理语言: 对于同样一种格式的数据,用户可以在不同场景中使用同一种语言进行处理,提高了数据处理的效率
  2. 查询处理更高效: SPL 对弱结构化数据友好,同时 SPL 主要算子由 C++ 实现,接近 iLogtail 1.X 版本的原生性能
  3. 丰富的工具和函数: SPL 提供了丰富的内置函数和算子,用户可以更加灵活地进行组合
  4. 简单易学: SPL 属于一种低代码语言,用户可以快速上手,日志搜索、处理一气呵成

接下来,本文将介绍如何用灵活的 SPL 语句,实现其他两种处理模式相同的处理能力。

原生插件对比

正则解析

根据正则提取提取字段。输入 Nginx 格式:

127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800] "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths: - /workspaces/ilogtal/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_regex_nativeSourceKey: contentRegex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"Keys:- ip- time- method- url- request_time- request_length- status- length- ref_url- browser
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser| project-away content
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"ip": "127.0.0.1","time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30","method": "POST","url": "/PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog","request_time": "0.024","request_length": "18204","status": "200","length": "37","ref_url": "-","browser": "aliyun-sdk-java","__time__": "1713184059"
}

分隔符解析

根据分隔符分隔提取字段,输入:

127.0.0.1,07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800,POST,PutData Category=YunOsAccountOpLog,0.024,18204,200,37,-,aliyun-sdk-java

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_delimiter_nativeSourceKey: contentSeparator: ","Quote: '"'Keys:- ip- time- method- url- request_time- request_length- status- length- ref_url- browser
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-csv content as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser| project-away content
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"ip": "127.0.0.1","time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800","method": "POST","url": "PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog","request_time": "0.024","request_length": "18204","status": "200","length": "37","ref_url": "-","browser": "aliyun-sdk-java","__time__": "1713231487"
}

Json 解析

解析 json 格式日志,输入:

{"url": "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog HTTP/1.1","ip": "10.200.98.220",    "user-agent": "aliyun-sdk-java",    "request": "{"status":"200","latency":"18204"}",    "time": "07/Jul/2022:10:30:28",    "__time__": "1713237315"}

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_json_nativeSourceKey: content
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-json content| project-away content
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{    "url": "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog HTTP/1.1","ip": "10.200.98.220","user-agent": "aliyun-sdk-java","request": "{\"status\":\"200\",\"latency\":\"18204\"}","time": "07/Jul/2022:10:30:28","__time__": "1713237315"
}

正则解析+时间解析

根据正则表达式解析字段,并将其中的一个字段解析成日志时间,输入:

127.0.0.1,07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800,POST,PutData Category=YunOsAccountOpLog,0.024,18204,200,37,-,aliyun-sdk-java

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_regex_nativeSourceKey: contentRegex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"Keys:- ip- time- method- url- request_time- request_length- status- length- ref_url- browser- Type: processor_parse_timestamp_nativeSourceKey: timeSourceFormat: '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S'
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |* | parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+)\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser| extend ts=date_parse(time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S')| extend __time__=cast(to_unixtime(ts) as INTEGER)| project-away ts| project-away content
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"ip": "127.0.0.1","time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800","method": "POST","url": "PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog","request_time": "0.024","request_length": "18204","status": "200","length": "37","ref_url": "-","browser": "aliyun-sdk-java","__time__": "1713231487"
}

正则解析+过滤

根据正则表达式解析字段,并根据解析后的字段值过滤日志。输入:

127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:43:30 +0800] "POST /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Jul/2022:10:44:30 +0800] "Get /PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog" 0.024 18204 200 37 "-" "aliyun-sdk-java"

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_regex_nativeSourceKey: contentRegex: ([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"Keys:- ip- time- method- url- request_time- request_length- status- length- ref_url- browser- Type: processor_filter_regex_nativeFilterKey:- method- statusFilterRegex:- ^(POST|PUT)$- ^200$
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-regexp content, '([\d\.]+) \S+ \S+ \[(\S+) \S+\] \"(\w+) ([^\\"]*)\" ([\d\.]+) (\d+) (\d+) (\d+|-) \"([^\\"]*)\" \"([^\\"]*)\"' as ip, time, method, url, request_time, request_length, status, length, ref_url, browser| project-away content| where regexp_like(method, '^(POST|PUT)$') and regexp_like(status, '^200$')
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"ip": "127.0.0.1","time": "07/Jul/2022:10:43:30","method": "POST","url": "/PutData?Category=YunOsAccountOpLog","request_time": "0.024","request_length": "18204","status": "200","length": "37","ref_url": "-","browser": "aliyun-sdk-java","__time__": "1713238839"
}

脱敏

将日志中的敏感信息脱敏。输入:

{"account":"1812213231432969","password":"04a23f38"}

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_desensitize_nativeSourceKey: contentMethod: constReplacingString: "******"ContentPatternBeforeReplacedString: 'password":"'ReplacedContentPattern: '[^"]+'
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-regexp content, 'password":"(\S+)"' as password| extend content=replace(content, password, '******')
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"content": "{\"account\":\"1812213231432969\",\"password\":\"******\"}","__time__": "1713239305"
}

拓展插件对比

添加字段

在输出结果中添加字段,输入:

this is a test log

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_add_fieldsFields:service: AIgnoreIfExist: false
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| extend service='A'
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"content": "this is a test log","service": "A","__time__": "1713240293"
}

Json 解析+丢弃字段

解析 json 并删除解析后的指定字段。输入:

{"key1": 123456, "key2": "abcd"}

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_json_nativeSourceKey: content- Type: processor_dropDropKeys: - key1
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-json content| project-away content| project-away key1
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{    "key2": "abcd","__time__": "1713245944"
}

Json 解析+重命名字段

解析 json 并重命名解析后的字段。输入:

{"key1": 123456, "key2": "abcd"}

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_json_nativeSourceKey: content- Type: processor_renameSourceKeys:- key1DestKeys:- new_key1
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-json content| project-away content| project-rename new_key1=key1
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"new_key1": "123456","key2": "abcd","__time__": "1713249130"
}

Json 解析+过滤日志

解析 json 并根据字段条件过滤日志。输入:

{"ip": "10.**.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "aliyun-sdk-java"}
{"ip": "10.**.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "chrome"}
{"ip": "192.168.**.**", "method": "POST", "browser": "aliyun-sls-ilogtail"}

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_json_nativeSourceKey: content- Type: processor_filter_regexInclude:ip: "10\\..*"method: POSTExclude:browser: "aliyun.*"
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-json content| project-away content| where regexp_like(ip, '10\..*') and regexp_like(method, 'POST') and not regexp_like(browser, 'aliyun.*')
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"ip": "10.**.**.**","method": "POST","browser": "chrome","__time__": "1713246645"
}

Json 解析+字段值映射处理

解析 json 并根据字段值的不同,映射为不同的值。输入:

{"_ip_":"192.168.0.1","Index":"900000003"}
{"_ip_":"255.255.255.255","Index":"3"}

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_parse_json_nativeSourceKey: content- Type: processor_dict_mapMapDict:"127.0.0.1": "LocalHost-LocalHost""192.168.0.1": "default login"SourceKey: "_ip_"DestKey: "_processed_ip_"Mode: "overwrite"HandleMissing": trueMissing: "Not Detected"
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-json content| project-away content| extend _processed_ip_= CASE WHEN _ip_ = '127.0.0.1' THEN 'LocalHost-LocalHost' WHEN _ip_ = '192.168.0.1' THEN 'default login' ELSE 'Not Detected'END
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"_ip_": "192.168.0.1","Index": "900000003","_processed_ip_": "default login","__time__": "1713259557"
}

字符串替换

替换日志中的指定字符串。输入:

hello,how old are you? nice to meet you

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_string_replaceSourceKey: contentMethod: constMatch: "how old are you?"ReplaceString: ""
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| extend content=replace(content, 'how old are you?', '')
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{    "content": "hello, nice to meet you","__time__": "1713260499"
}

数据编码与解码

Base64

对日志进行 Base64 加密。输入:

this is a test log

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_base64_encodingSourceKey: contentNewKey: content1
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| extend content1=to_base64(cast(content as varbinary))
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{    "content": "this is a test log","content1": "dGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3QgbG9n","__time__": "1713318724"
}

MD5

对日志进行 MD5 加密。输入:

hello,how old are you? nice to meet you

原有插件:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_string_replaceSourceKey: contentMethod: constMatch: "how old are you?"ReplaceString: ""
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| extend content1=lower(to_hex(md5(cast(content as varbinary))))
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"content": "this is a test log","content1": "4f3c93e010f366eca78e00dc1ed08984","__time__": "1713319673"
}

新增能力项

数学计算

输入:4。

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| extend val = cast(content as double)| extend power_test = power(val, 2)| extend round_test = round(val)| extend sqrt_test = sqrt(val)
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"content": "4","power_test": 16.0,"round_test": 4.0,"sqrt_test": 2.0,"val": 4.0,"__time__": "1713319673"
}

URL 计算

URL 编码解码

输入:

https://homenew.console.aliyun.com/home/dashboard/ProductAndService

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| extend encoded = url_encode(content)| extend decoded = url_decode(encoded)
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"content": "https://homenew.console.aliyun.com/home/dashboard/ProductAndService","decoded": "https://homenew.console.aliyun.com/home/dashboard/ProductAndService","encoded": "https%3A%2F%2Fhomenew.console.aliyun.com%2Fhome%2Fdashboard%2FProductAndService","__time__": "1713319673"
}

URL 提取

输入:

https://sls.console.aliyun.com:443/lognext/project/dashboard-all/logsearch/nginx-demo?accounttraceid=d6241a173f88471c91d3405cda010ff5ghdw

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| extend host = url_extract_host(content)| extend query = url_extract_query(content)| extend path = url_extract_path(content) | extend protocol = url_extract_protocol(content) | extend port = url_extract_port(content) | extend param = url_extract_parameter(content, 'accounttraceid')
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{"content": "https://sls.console.aliyun.com:443/lognext/project/dashboard-all/logsearch/nginx-demo?accounttraceid=d6241a173f88471c91d3405cda010ff5ghdw","host": "sls.console.aliyun.com","param": "d6241a173f88471c91d3405cda010ff5ghdw","path": "/lognext/project/dashboard-all/logsearch/nginx-demo","port": "443","protocol": "https","query": "accounttraceid=d6241a173f88471c91d3405cda010ff5ghdw","__time__": "1713319673"
}

比较&逻辑运算符

输入:

{"num1": 199, "num2": 10, "num3": 9}

SPL:

enable: true
inputs:- Type: input_fileFilePaths:- /workspaces/ilogtail/debug/simple.log
processors:- Type: processor_splScript: |*| parse-json content| extend compare_result = cast(num1 as double) > cast(num2 as double) AND cast(num2 as double) > cast(num3 as double)
flushers:- Type: flusher_stdoutOnlyStdout: true

输出:

{    "compare_result": "true","content": "{\"num1\": 199, \"num2\": 10, \"num3\": 9}","num1": "199","num2": "10","num3": "9","__time__": "1713319673"
}

其他

更多能力请参考:https://help.aliyun.com/zh/sls/user-guide/function-overview

欢迎大家补充更多 iLogtail SPL 实践案例!

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