docker compose离线部署mailcow邮件系统

前言

本文主要讲述因为网络环境限制（比如内网、开发环境等），无法直接下载docker镜像的情况下，如何部署mailcow。

正常环境下部署mailcow，请参考文章：mailcow基于容器化的开源邮件系统详细安装过程

准备工作

新环境docker版本满足mailcow要求，并且已经正常启动。
旧环境已经安装mailcow，相关的镜像文件完整。
本文描述的部署过程所涉及的镜像版本与mailcow基于容器化的开源邮件系统详细安装过程一致。

部署过程

镜像文件导出

在已经安装好mailcow环境查看mailcow项目涉及的镜像列表及版本信息：

[root@mail ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
memcached           alpine            936dbfa3fd1a   11 days ago    15.7MB
mailcow/phpfpm      1.88              f9d025710983   12 days ago    301MB
mailcow/dovecot     1.30              2aca708281e0   12 days ago    251MB
mailcow/solr        1.8.3             a77fb6cd923e   12 days ago    454MB
mailcow/postfix     1.75              d13755c00185   13 days ago    335MB
mailcow/dockerapi   2.08              adc1446be9a4   2 weeks ago    166MB
mailcow/olefy       1.13              6572de3dccbb   2 weeks ago    112MB
mailcow/watchdog    2.03              c801c70f93a6   2 weeks ago    117MB
mailcow/acme        1.88              a97424882d9c   2 weeks ago    146MB
mailcow/netfilter   1.59              59b514e53b6d   2 weeks ago    110MB
mailcow/rspamd      1.96              f3ddc7d4a34a   2 weeks ago    184MB
nginx               mainline-alpine   099a2d701db1   2 weeks ago    43.2MB
mariadb             10.5              8d27db214bfa   4 weeks ago    394MB
mailcow/clamd       1.66              5b6dfc3668d8   4 weeks ago    78.8MB
mailcow/unbound     1.22              8ccf6655d8aa   4 weeks ago    27.7MB
mcuadros/ofelia     latest            05600fa3b007   6 weeks ago    23MB
redis               7-alpine          38a44d796822   6 weeks ago    40.7MB
mailcow/sogo        1.123             f41cfca2cd8b   4 months ago   336MB
robbertkl/ipv6nat   latest            b789d3355d66   2 years ago    18MB

导出镜像列表信息，保存到images.txt文件：

[root@mail ~]# docker images >images.txt

制作导出镜像文件的脚本docker-save.sh：

[root@mail ~]# cat images.txt|awk 'BEGIN{print "#!/bin/bash"} $1 != "REPOSITORY" {print "docker save "$3">"$3".tar"}' >docker-save.sh

docker-save.sh内容如下：

[root@localhost backup]# cat docker-save.sh 
#!/bin/bash
docker save 936dbfa3fd1a>936dbfa3fd1a.tar
docker save f9d025710983>f9d025710983.tar
docker save 2aca708281e0>2aca708281e0.tar
docker save a77fb6cd923e>a77fb6cd923e.tar
docker save d13755c00185>d13755c00185.tar
docker save adc1446be9a4>adc1446be9a4.tar
docker save 6572de3dccbb>6572de3dccbb.tar
docker save c801c70f93a6>c801c70f93a6.tar
docker save a97424882d9c>a97424882d9c.tar
docker save 59b514e53b6d>59b514e53b6d.tar
docker save f3ddc7d4a34a>f3ddc7d4a34a.tar
docker save 099a2d701db1>099a2d701db1.tar
docker save 8d27db214bfa>8d27db214bfa.tar
docker save 5b6dfc3668d8>5b6dfc3668d8.tar
docker save 8ccf6655d8aa>8ccf6655d8aa.tar
docker save 05600fa3b007>05600fa3b007.tar
docker save 38a44d796822>38a44d796822.tar
docker save f41cfca2cd8b>f41cfca2cd8b.tar
docker save b789d3355d66>b789d3355d66.tar

执行脚本，导出镜像文件保存到backup目录：

[root@mail backup]# sh docker-save.sh

导出的镜像列表如下：

[root@mail backup]# ll *.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  23987200  7月 10 14:23 05600fa3b007.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  45078528  7月 10 14:23 099a2d701db1.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 256755712  7月 10 14:22 2aca708281e0.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  41546752  7月 10 14:23 38a44d796822.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115342336  7月 10 14:23 59b514e53b6d.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  79546880  7月 10 14:23 5b6dfc3668d8.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115288064  7月 10 14:22 6572de3dccbb.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  28832768  7月 10 14:23 8ccf6655d8aa.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 400542720  7月 10 14:23 8d27db214bfa.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  16091648  7月 10 14:22 936dbfa3fd1a.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 460867584  7月 10 14:22 a77fb6cd923e.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 149100032  7月 10 14:23 a97424882d9c.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171997184  7月 10 14:22 adc1446be9a4.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  18381824  7月 10 14:23 b789d3355d66.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 120186368  7月 10 14:23 c801c70f93a6.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 342357504  7月 10 14:22 d13755c00185.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 189327360  7月 10 14:23 f3ddc7d4a34a.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 345827328  7月 10 14:23 f41cfca2cd8b.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 306612224  7月 10 14:22 f9d025710983.tar

镜像和配置迁移

将导出的镜像文件、images.txt、mailcow-dockerized目录（该目录包含docker-compose.yml）拷贝到新服务器。

镜像导入并修改标签版本

根据导出的images.txt文件制作镜像导入和修改标签脚本docker-load.sh，命令如下：

[root@mail backup]# cat images.txt|awk 'BEGIN{print "#!/bin/bash"} $1 != "REPOSITORY" {print "docker load < "$3".tar"; print "docker tag "$3" "$1":"$2}' >docker-load.sh

docker-load.sh脚本内容如下：

#!/bin/bash
docker load < 936dbfa3fd1a.tar
docker tag 936dbfa3fd1a memcached:alpine
docker load < f9d025710983.tar
docker tag f9d025710983 mailcow/phpfpm:1.88
docker load < 2aca708281e0.tar
docker tag 2aca708281e0 mailcow/dovecot:1.30
docker load < a77fb6cd923e.tar
docker tag a77fb6cd923e mailcow/solr:1.8.3
docker load < d13755c00185.tar
docker tag d13755c00185 mailcow/postfix:1.75
docker load < adc1446be9a4.tar
docker tag adc1446be9a4 mailcow/dockerapi:2.08
docker load < 6572de3dccbb.tar
docker tag 6572de3dccbb mailcow/olefy:1.13
docker load < c801c70f93a6.tar
docker tag c801c70f93a6 mailcow/watchdog:2.03
docker load < a97424882d9c.tar
docker tag a97424882d9c mailcow/acme:1.88
docker load < 59b514e53b6d.tar
docker tag 59b514e53b6d mailcow/netfilter:1.59
docker load < f3ddc7d4a34a.tar
docker tag f3ddc7d4a34a mailcow/rspamd:1.96
docker load < 099a2d701db1.tar
docker tag 099a2d701db1 nginx:mainline-alpine
docker load < 8d27db214bfa.tar
docker tag 8d27db214bfa mariadb:10.5
docker load < 5b6dfc3668d8.tar
docker tag 5b6dfc3668d8 mailcow/clamd:1.66
docker load < 8ccf6655d8aa.tar
docker tag 8ccf6655d8aa mailcow/unbound:1.22
docker load < 05600fa3b007.tar
docker tag 05600fa3b007 mcuadros/ofelia:latest
docker load < 38a44d796822.tar
docker tag 38a44d796822 redis:7-alpine
docker load < f41cfca2cd8b.tar
docker tag f41cfca2cd8b mailcow/sogo:1.123
docker load < b789d3355d66.tar
docker tag b789d3355d66 robbertkl/ipv6nat:latest

执行docker-load.sh脚本，进行镜像导入并修改标签：

[root@localhost backup]# sh docker-load.sh 
94e5f06ff8e3: Loading layer [==================================================>]  8.083MB/8.083MB
8c41234f262b: Loading layer [==================================================>]  10.75kB/10.75kB
17358f769c7c: Loading layer [==================================================>]  285.2kB/285.2kB
c1416d4bd1aa: Loading layer [==================================================>]  7.684MB/7.684MB
....

导入完成后，查看镜像列表如下：

[root@localhost backup]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG               IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
memcached           alpine            936dbfa3fd1a   11 days ago    15.7MB
mailcow/phpfpm      1.88              f9d025710983   12 days ago    301MB
mailcow/dovecot     1.30              2aca708281e0   12 days ago    251MB
mailcow/solr        1.8.3             a77fb6cd923e   12 days ago    454MB
mailcow/postfix     1.75              d13755c00185   13 days ago    335MB
mailcow/dockerapi   2.08              adc1446be9a4   2 weeks ago    166MB
mailcow/olefy       1.13              6572de3dccbb   2 weeks ago    112MB
mailcow/watchdog    2.03              c801c70f93a6   2 weeks ago    117MB
mailcow/acme        1.88              a97424882d9c   2 weeks ago    146MB
mailcow/netfilter   1.59              59b514e53b6d   2 weeks ago    110MB
mailcow/rspamd      1.96              f3ddc7d4a34a   2 weeks ago    184MB
nginx               mainline-alpine   099a2d701db1   2 weeks ago    43.2MB
mariadb             10.5              8d27db214bfa   4 weeks ago    394MB
mailcow/clamd       1.66              5b6dfc3668d8   4 weeks ago    78.8MB
mailcow/unbound     1.22              8ccf6655d8aa   4 weeks ago    27.7MB
mcuadros/ofelia     latest            05600fa3b007   6 weeks ago    23MB
redis               7-alpine          38a44d796822   6 weeks ago    40.7MB
mailcow/sogo        1.123             f41cfca2cd8b   4 months ago   336MB
robbertkl/ipv6nat   latest            b789d3355d66   2 years ago    18MB

启动容器

通过如下命令启动容器：

[root@localhost ~]# cd mailcow-dockerized
[root@localhost mailcow-dockerized]# docker compose up -d

如果一切顺利，至此即完成mailcow部署。

但是，如果是一个纯内网环境，大概率会遇到dependency failed to start: container mailcowdockerized-unbound-mailcow-1 is unhealthy 问题：

[root@localhost mailcow-dockerized]# docker compose up -d
[+] Running 20/20✔ Network mailcowdockerized_mailcow-network        Created                                                                                                    0.4s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-netfilter-mailcow-1  Started                                                                                                    0.3s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-dockerapi-mailcow-1  Started                                                                                                    0.9s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-memcached-mailcow-1  Started                                                                                                    0.7s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-olefy-mailcow-1      Started                                                                                                    0.7s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-sogo-mailcow-1       Started                                                                                                    0.8s ✘ Container mailcowdockerized-unbound-mailcow-1    Error                                                                                                    135.1s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-redis-mailcow-1      Started                                                                                                    0.9s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-solr-mailcow-1       Started                                                                                                    0.9s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-mysql-mailcow-1      Started                                                                                                    1.0s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-clamd-mailcow-1      Created                                                                                                    0.0s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-php-fpm-mailcow-1    Started                                                                                                    1.2s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-dovecot-mailcow-1    Started                                                                                                    1.7s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-postfix-mailcow-1    Created                                                                                                    0.0s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-nginx-mailcow-1      Started                                                                                                    1.6s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-ofelia-mailcow-1     Started                                                                                                    2.0s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-rspamd-mailcow-1     Started                                                                                                    2.0s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-acme-mailcow-1       Created                                                                                                    0.0s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-watchdog-mailcow-1   Created                                                                                                    0.0s ✔ Container mailcowdockerized-ipv6nat-mailcow-1    Created                                                                                                    0.0s 
dependency failed to start: container mailcowdockerized-unbound-mailcow-1 is unhealthy

这是由于mailcow/unbound启动了健康检查，健康检查的逻辑是检查“1.1.1.1” “8.8.8.8” “9.9.9.9”三个dns做ping情况，并且通过本机的dns检查”mailcow.email” “github.com” “hub.docker.com”这三个域名的解析情况，如果检查不通过这个容器状态就是unhealthy。

可以通过修改mailcow.conf中SKIP_UNBOUND_HEALTHCHECK=n的健康检查参数跳过健康检查：

SKIP_UNBOUND_HEALTHCHECK=y

或者进入该容器，修改检查脚本healthcheck.sh：

[root@localhost mailcow-dockerized]# docker ps | grep unbound
08b379f97337   mailcow/unbound:1.22     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   54 minutes ago   Up 54 minutes (healthy)   53/tcp, 53/udp                                                                                                                                                                                                                      mailcowdockerized-unbound-mailcow-1
[root@localhost mailcow-dockerized]# docker exec -it 08b379f97337 /bin/bash

将脚本中 exit 1全部修改为 exit 0，然后手动执行该脚本，等待容器状态变为healthy状态，进行执行docker compose up -d 启动命令即可。

参考来源：docker compose离线部署mailcow | MailABC邮件知识百科