在Linux系统中查询硬件信息可以通过多种命令行工具完成，本章主要讲述如何查询Linux硬件信息。

操作系统：

CentOS Stream 9

操作步骤：

指令uname -a :  显示内核版本、硬件名称、操作系统等基本信息。

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 5.14.0-427.el9.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Feb 23 04:45:07 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# 

 指令 lscpu: 提供CPU架构、速度、核心数等详细信息。

   cat /proc/cpuinfo: 查看更详细的CPU信息，包括每个核心的具体情况。

[root@localhost ~]# lscpu
架构：                   x86_64CPU 运行模式：         32-bit, 64-bitAddress sizes:         45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual字节序：               Little Endian
CPU:                     4在线 CPU 列表：        0-3
厂商 ID：                GenuineIntelBIOS Vendor ID:        GenuineIntel型号名称：             13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-13500HBIOS Model name:     13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-13500HCPU 系列：           6型号：               186每个核的线程数：     1每个座的核数：       2座：                 2步进：               2BogoMIPS：           6374.39标记：               fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon rep_good nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves avx_vnni arat umip pku ospke gfni vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid movdiri movdir64b fsrm md_clear serialize flush_l1d arch_capabilities
Virtualization features: 超管理器厂商：         VMware虚拟化类型：           完全
Caches (sum of all):     L1d:                   192 KiB (4 instances)L1i:                   128 KiB (4 instances)L2:                    5 MiB (4 instances)L3:                    36 MiB (2 instances)
NUMA:                    NUMA 节点：            1NUMA 节点0 CPU：       0-3
Vulnerabilities:         Gather data sampling:  Not affectedItlb multihit:         KVM: Mitigation: VMX unsupportedL1tf:                  Not affectedMds:                   Not affectedMeltdown:              Not affectedMmio stale data:       Unknown: No mitigationsRetbleed:              Not affectedSpec rstack overflow:  Not affectedSpec store bypass:     Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctlSpectre v1:            Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitizationSpectre v2:            Mitigation; Enhanced / Automatic IBRS, IBPB conditional, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS SW sequenceSrbds:                 Not affectedTsx async abort:       Not affected
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        3976796 kB
MemFree:         3624840 kB
MemAvailable:    3557308 kB
Buffers:            1664 kB
Cached:            81480 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           102800 kB
Inactive:          20920 kB
Active(anon):      38464 kB
Inactive(anon):    11340 kB
Active(file):      64336 kB
Inactive(file):     9580 kB
Unevictable:           0 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
SwapTotal:             0 kB
SwapFree:              0 kB
Zswap:                 0 kB
Zswapped:              0 kB
Dirty:                 0 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:         40576 kB
Mapped:            38016 kB
Shmem:              9228 kB
KReclaimable:      31008 kB
Slab:              86580 kB
SReclaimable:      31008 kB
SUnreclaim:        55572 kB
KernelStack:        5808 kB
PageTables:         1576 kB
SecPageTables:         0 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:     1988396 kB
Committed_AS:     168032 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:       55748 kB
VmallocChunk:          0 kB
Percpu:            47616 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:     10240 kB
ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
FileHugePages:         0 kB
FilePmdMapped:         0 kB
CmaTotal:              0 kB
CmaFree:               0 kB
Unaccepted:            0 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
Hugetlb:               0 kB
DirectMap4k:      147264 kB
DirectMap2M:     2998272 kB
DirectMap1G:     3145728 kB
[root@localhost ~]# 

指令：lsblk: 列出所有可用的块设备及其挂载点、大小等。

    df -h: 显示已挂载文件系统的磁盘空间使用情况。

    fdisk -l: 列出所有磁盘的分区布局。

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME              MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                 8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1              8:1    0  4.7G  0 part /boot
└─sda2              8:2    0 15.3G  0 part └─cs_bogon-root 253:0    0 15.3G  0 lvm  /
sr0                11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                   容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs                   4.0M     0  4.0M    0% /dev
tmpfs                      1.9G     0  1.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      777M  9.1M  768M    2% /run
/dev/mapper/cs_bogon-root   16G  2.0G   14G   13% /
/dev/sda1                  4.6G  220M  4.4G    5% /boot
tmpfs                      389M     0  389M    0% /run/user/1000
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda：20 GiB，21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
磁盘型号：VMware Virtual S
单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x0482781b设备       启动    起点     末尾     扇区  大小 Id 类型
/dev/sda1  *       2048  9766911  9764864  4.7G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       9766912 41943039 32176128 15.3G 8e Linux LVMDisk /dev/mapper/cs_bogon-root：15.34 GiB，16471031808 字节，32169984 个扇区
单元：扇区 / 1 * 512 = 512 字节
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
[root@localhost ~]# 

  指令 ip addr 或 ifconfig: 显示网络接口的IP地址、掩码、广播地址等

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 192.168.0.11  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:4aaa  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>ether 00:0c:29:d2:4a:aa  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)RX packets 990  bytes 463809 (452.9 KiB)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 946  bytes 102679 (100.2 KiB)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0[root@localhost ~]# ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:d2:4a:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffaltname enp3s0inet 192.168.0.11/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed2:4aaa/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]#