笔者经常会遇到使用上位机进行相关测试的场景，但现成的上位机并不能完全满足自己的需求，或是上位机缺乏使用说明。所以，自己写？
环境说明
pycharm 2023.2.25
python 3.10
anaconda
环境配置
conda create -n envsram ##新建虚拟环境，不用anaconda也行自己使用python新建都行
conda env list ##查看虚拟环境及路径，方便修改python解释器路径
conda activate envsram
conda install pyqt ##安装pyqt5及依赖designer ##键入，以打开pyqt图像设计界面，设计完成后为.ui文件pyuic5 -o ccm_Test.py .\Uartsendframe.ui ##转换.ui文件为测试文件pip install pyserial ##我conda install失败了，直接用pip安装，为了上位机实现串口相关操作代码测试
ui界面代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Form implementation generated from reading ui file '.\Uartsendframe.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.15.10
#
# WARNING: Any manual changes made to this file will be lost when pyuic5 is
# run again. Do not edit this file unless you know what you are doing.from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgetsclass Ui_MainWindow(object):def setupUi(self, MainWindow):MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")MainWindow.resize(432, 476)self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")self.groupBox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)self.groupBox.setObjectName("groupBox")self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.groupBox)self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton, 0, 3, 1, 1)self.pushButton2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)self.pushButton2.setObjectName("pushButton2")self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton2, 0, 4, 1, 1)self.pushButton3 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)self.pushButton3.setObjectName("pushButton3")self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton3, 0, 5, 1, 1)self.pushButton4 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.groupBox)self.pushButton4.setObjectName("pushButton4")self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton4, 1, 5, 1, 1)self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.groupBox)self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.lineEdit, 1, 1, 1, 4)self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox)font = QtGui.QFont()font.setFamily("宋体")font.setPointSize(9)self.label.setFont(font)self.label.setObjectName("label")self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.label, 0, 0, 1, 1)self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.groupBox)self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.label_2, 1, 0, 1, 1)self.comboBox = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.groupBox)self.comboBox.setObjectName("comboBox")self.comboBox.addItem("")self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.comboBox, 0, 1, 1, 2)self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.groupBox)self.groupBox_2 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(self.centralwidget)self.groupBox_2.setObjectName("groupBox_2")self.gridLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.groupBox_2)self.gridLayout_2.setObjectName("gridLayout_2")self.textEdit = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.groupBox_2)self.textEdit.setObjectName("textEdit")self.gridLayout_2.addWidget(self.textEdit, 0, 0, 1, 1)self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.groupBox_2)MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 322, 26))self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")self.menu = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)self.menu.setObjectName("menu")self.menu_2 = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)self.menu_2.setObjectName("menu_2")MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)self.menubar.addAction(self.menu.menuAction())self.menubar.addAction(self.menu_2.menuAction())self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.comboBox.update) # type: ignoreQtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translateMainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "串口sram测试工具v0.1"))self.groupBox.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "配置选项"))self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "刷新串口"))self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "串口选择："))self.label_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "文件路径："))self.pushButton2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "串口打开"))self.pushButton3.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "串口发送"))self.pushButton4.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "选择文件"))self.comboBox.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "com"))self.groupBox_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "数据显示"))self.menu.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "帮助"))self.menu_2.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "关于"))
逻辑代码
这边在处理的时候有几个遇到的bug，
1. 上位机需要一直接收，所以需要开一个线程用来持续接收。
2. 界面更新太平凡容易卡死，所以起一个信号量来更新
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QFileDialog
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal
from ccm_Test import Ui_MainWindow
import time
import serial
import serial.tools.list_ports
import threadingclass MyApp(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):data_received_signal = pyqtSignal(str) # 定义信号，传递字符串数据def __init__(self):super().__init__()self.setupUi(self)self.data_received_signal.connect(self.update_text_edit) # 连接信号到槽self.pushButton_onclik()self.pushButton2_onclik()self.pushButton3_onclik()self.pushButton4_onclik()def update_text_edit(self, data):self.textEdit.append(data) # 更新文本编辑器def pushButton_onclik(self):# self.mainop()def cao():print("已刷新串口。")self.textEdit.append('刷新')ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()self.comboBox.clear() # 清空所有项for port, desc, hwid in sorted(ports):print(port, type(port),type(ports))self.comboBox.addItem(port) # 添加新的项列表# print(ports[0], type(ports[0]))# try:# self.comboBox.clear() # 清空所有项# self.comboBox.addItems() # 添加新的项列表## print("Items added successfully.")# except Exception as e:# print(f"An error occurred: {e}")self.pushButton.clicked.connect(cao)def pushButton2_onclik(self):# self.mainop()def cao():global port_nameglobal serial_portport_name = self.comboBox.currentText()baud_rate = 115200print(port_name)serial_port = self.open_serial(port_name, baud_rate)self.textEdit.append('打开'+port_name)self.pushButton2.clicked.connect(cao)def pushButton3_onclik(self):# self.mainop()''' bootloader 使用了0x20000400开始的地址，0xC00大小的区间。共开了0x10000的堆栈。 '''hex_string = "1234"hex_string1 = "1235"hex_string2 = "123455" #"52312000" 2000是实际动态代码 map文件中main的起始地址hex_string3 = "123456"hex_data_to_send = bytes.fromhex(hex_string)hex_data_to_send1 = bytes.fromhex(hex_string1)hex_data_to_send2 = bytes.fromhex(hex_string2)hex_data_to_send3 = bytes.fromhex(hex_string3)def cao():try:thread = threading.Thread(target=self.read_serial, args=(serial_port,))thread.start()except serial.SerialException as e:print(f"open_serial : {e}")## 第一条命令self.write_serial(serial_port, hex_data_to_send)self.textEdit.append('>> ' + hex_string)time.sleep(0.1)# rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)# print(rxbuff)# self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)## 第二条命令self.write_serial(serial_port, hex_data_to_send1)self.textEdit.append('>> ' + hex_string1)time.sleep(0.1)# rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)# print(rxbuff)# self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)## 第三条命令print(fileName)binfilecontent = self.read_bin_file(fileName)print(type(binfilecontent), binfilecontent)binfilecontent_len = len(binfilecontent)binfilecontent_len_hex = bytes.fromhex(self.int_to_hex16(binfilecontent_len))# print(binfilecontent_len_hex,type(binfilecontent_len_hex))# print(self.read_bin_file(fileName))self.write_serial(serial_port, hex_data_to_send2 + binfilecontent_len_hex + binfilecontent)self.textEdit.append('>> ' + hex_string2)time.sleep(0.1)# rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)# self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)## 第四条命令self.write_serial(serial_port, hex_data_to_send3)self.textEdit.append('>> ' + hex_string3)time.sleep(0.1)# rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)# if(rxbuff == None):# self.textEdit.append('<< ' + 'None.')# else:# self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)# time.sleep(3)# rxbuff = 0# rxbuff = self.read_serial(serial_port)# self.textEdit.append('等待后续sram测试数据返回...')# self.textEdit.append('<< '+ rxbuff)# self.close_serial(serial_port)passself.pushButton3.clicked.connect(cao)def pushButton4_onclik(self):# global fileNamedef cao():# 打开文件选择对话框options = QFileDialog.Options()options |= QFileDialog.DontUseNativeDialogglobal fileNamefileName, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, "QFileDialog.getOpenFileName()", "","All Files (*);;Text Files (*.txt)", options=options)if fileName:self.lineEdit.setText(fileName) # 将选择的文件路径设置到 QLineEditpassself.pushButton4.clicked.connect(cao)# 打开串口def open_serial(self, port, baudrate):try:ser = serial.Serial(port, baudrate,parity=serial.PARITY_EVEN, # 设置校验stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE, # 设置停止位bytesize=8, # 数据位为 8 位timeout=0 # 超时设置 非阻塞) # 打开串口print(f"Serial port {port} opened at {baudrate} baud.")# try:# thread = threading.Thread(target=self.read_serial(ser), args=(ser,))# thread.start()# except serial.SerialException as e:# print(f"open_serial : {e}")return serexcept serial.SerialException as e:print(f"Error opening serial port {port}: {e}")return None# 从串口读取数据def read_serial(self, ser):while True:if ser:try:if ser.in_waiting > 0:received_data = ser.read(ser.in_waiting)received_hex = received_data.hex()if (received_hex == None):self.data_received_signal.emit('<< ' + received_hex) # 发射信号('<< ' + 'None.')else:self.data_received_signal.emit('<< ' + received_hex) # 发射信号print("Received data (hex):", received_hex)# return received_hexelse:# print("No data received.")passexcept serial.SerialTimeoutException:print("Read timeout occurred")except serial.SerialException as e:print(f"Error during read: {e}")time.sleep(0.1) # 短暂休眠以减少CPU负担# 向串口写入数据def write_serial(self, ser, data):if ser:try:successlen = ser.write(data) # 发送数据print("successlen: ",successlen)print(f"Sent data: {data}")# self.textEdit.append('>> ' + data.encode('utf-8').hex())except serial.SerialException as e:print(f"Error sending data: {e}")# 关闭串口def close_serial(self, ser):if ser:ser.close()print("Serial port closed.")# 读取bin文件def read_bin_file(self, file_path):try:with open(file_path, 'rb') as file:return file.read()except Exception as e:print(f"Failed to read file: {str(e)}")def int_to_hex16(self, value):if not (0 <= value <= 65535):raise ValueError("Integer value out of range for 16-bit representation")# 将整数转换为16位十六进制字符串hex_string = f"{value:04x}"return hex_stringif __name__ == "__main__":app = QApplication(sys.argv)window = MyApp()window.show()sys.exit(app.exec_())
界面示例
