Java中较为复杂和常见的错误示例,包括运行后的错误信息以及修复方法:
1. 空指针异常(NullPointerException)
String text = null;
int length = text.length(); // 运行后会抛出 NullPointerException
错误信息:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerExceptionat MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:在使用变量前,检查其是否为null。
String text = null;
if (text != null) {int length = text.length();
} else {System.out.println("text is null");
}
2. 数组越界异常(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException)
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};
int value = numbers[3]; // 运行后会抛出 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
错误信息:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:确保访问的数组索引在有效范围内。
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};
if (numbers.length > 3) {int value = numbers[3];
} else {System.out.println("Invalid index");
}
3. 类型转换异常(ClassCastException)
Object obj = "Hello";
Integer num = (Integer) obj; // 运行后会抛出 ClassCastException
错误信息:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.lang.String cannot be cast to class java.lang.Integerat MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:确保对象可以进行类型转换。
Object obj = "Hello";
if (obj instanceof Integer) {Integer num = (Integer) obj;
} else {System.out.println("Cannot cast to Integer");
}
4. 除零异常(ArithmeticException)
int result = 5 / 0; // 运行后会抛出 ArithmeticException
错误信息:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zeroat MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:避免除数为零。
int divisor = 2;
if (divisor != 0) {int result = 5 / divisor;
} else {System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero");
}
5. 文件未找到异常(FileNotFoundException)
File file = new File("nonexistent.txt");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file); // 运行后会抛出 FileNotFoundException
错误信息:
Exception in thread "main" java.io.FileNotFoundException: nonexistent.txt (No such file or directory)at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.open(FileInputStream.java:220)at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(FileInputStream.java:158)at java.base/java.util.Scanner.<init>(Scanner.java:639)at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:确保文件存在或捕获异常。
File file = new File("nonexistent.txt");
try {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file);// 读取文件内容
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {System.out.println("File not found: " + e.getMessage());
}