1. 需要注意的是，模板中函数或方法，要在类或头文件中实现。
2. 关键字typename 和class基本等同。
3. 构造类模板时，要指明模板参数类型，而函数模板则不用指明参数类型。

#pragma once#include <string.h>#include <windows.h>using namespace std;template <typename T>
T compare(T  t1, T  t2) {if (t1 > t2) {return t1;}else {return t2;}
};template <typename T>
class TEST {public:T m_t;TEST() {};virtual ~TEST() {};T compare(T  t1, T  t2) {return t1 > t2;};int comparestr(T  t1 =  string, T  t2 =  string) {string s1 = t1;string s2 = t2;char * buf1 = (char*)s1.c_str();char * buf2 = (char*)s2.c_str();return (buf1[0]> buf2[0]);};
};

#include <windows.h>#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "main.h"using namespace std;int main() {try {double resd = 0;int res = 0;const char * resc = 0;resd = compare(7.01, 7.1);res = compare(6, 5);resc = compare("hello", "world");TEST<char*> test;TEST<double> testd;int result = 0;double resultd = testd.compare(6.6789, 7.01);resultd = testd.compare(6.6789, 6.7);result = test.comparestr("testo","hello");throw("hello world!\r\n");	}catch (char * ex) {try {printf("throw string:%s\r\n", ex);throw(12345678);}catch (int e) {printf("throw number:%d\r\n", e);//exit(0);}}return 0;}