1.基本介绍
文档:SpringBoot中注入Servlet&Filter&Listener
- 考虑到实际开发业务非常复杂和兼容问题,SpringBoot支持将Servlet、Filter、Listener注入spring容器中,成为Spring Bean
- 也就是说,SpringBoot开放了和原生WEB组件(Servlet、Filter、Listener)的兼容
- SpringBoot注入Servlet、Filter、Listener,有两种方式:
- 通过注解方式注入
- 使用RegistrationBean方式注入
2.通过注解方式注入
2.1@WebServlet
属性名 | 对应标签 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
name | <servlet-name> | 指定 Servlet 的 name 属性。 如果没有显式指定,则取值为该 Servlet 的完全限定名,即包名+类名 |
value | <url-pattern> | 该属性等价于 urlPatterns 属性,两者不能同时指定。 如果同时指定,通常是忽略 value 的取值 |
urlPatterns | <url-pattern> | 指定一组 Servlet 的 URL 匹配模式 |
loadOnStartup | <load-on-startup> | 指定 Servlet 的加载顺序 |
initParams | <init-param> | 指定一组 Servlet 初始化参数 |
asyncSupported | <async-supported> | 声明 Servlet 是否支持异步操作模式 |
description | <description> | 指定该 Servlet 的描述信息 |
displayName | <display-name> | 指定该 Servlet 的显示名 |
例子--使用@WebServlet注入Servlet
(1)MyServlet.java
-
通过继承HttpServlet来开发原生的Servlet
-
使用@WebServlet,表示将其标识的对象注入到Spring容器中
-
urlPatterns = {"servlet01","servlet02"} 对此servlet配置了映射路径
-
对于开发的原生的Servlet,需要使用@ServletComponentScan在SpringBoot主程序中,指定要扫描的原生Servlet,这样该Servlet才能注入容器
package com.li.thymeleaf.servlet; | |
import javax.servlet.ServletException; | |
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; | |
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; | |
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; | |
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; | |
import java.io.IOException; | |
/** | |
* @author 李 | |
* @version 1.0 | |
*/ | |
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/servlet01", "/servlet02"}) | |
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet { | |
@Override | |
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { | |
resp.getWriter().write("Hello,MyServlet!"); | |
} | |
} |
(2)Application.java主程序
package com.li.thymeleaf; | |
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; | |
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; | |
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan; | |
/** | |
* @author 李 | |
* @version 1.0 | |
*/ | |
//指定扫描Servlet | |
@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf") | |
@SpringBootApplication | |
public class Application { | |
public static void main(String[] args) { | |
SpringApplication.run(Application.class,args); | |
} | |
} |
(3)浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/servlet01
获者http://localhost:8080/servlet02
,返回如下:
注意:注入的Servlet不会被SpringBoot的拦截器拦截(因为原生Servlet和前端控制器DispatcherServlet是统一级别的,而拦截器在DispatcherServlet中)
2.2@WebFilter
属性名 | 说 明 |
---|---|
description | 该过滤器的描述信息,等价于 <description> 标签。 |
displayName | 该过滤器的显示名,通常配合工具使用,等价于 <display-name> 标签 |
initParams | 指定一组过滤器初始化参数,等价于 <init-param> 标签。 |
filterName | 指定过滤器的 name 属性,等价于 <filter-name> |
servletNames | 指定过滤器将应用于哪些 Servlet。取值是 @WebServlet 中的 name 属性的取值,或者是 web.xml 中 <servlet-name> 的取值 |
value/urlPatterns | 过滤器的 URL 匹配模式,等价于<url-pattern> 标签 |
dispatcherTypes | 指定过滤器的转发模式。具体取值包括: ASYNC、ERROR、FORWARD、INCLUDE、REQUEST。 |
asyncSupported | 声明过滤器是否支持异步操作模式, 等价于<async-supported> 标签 |
例子--使用@WebFilter注入Filter
-
@WebFilter标识一个过滤器,并注入spring容器
-
urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"}
表示请求/css/目录或者/images/目录下的资源时,请求会经过这个过滤器 -
需要在主程序中,指定要扫描的Filter,这样该Filter才能注入容器
package com.li.thymeleaf.filter; | |
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; | |
import javax.servlet.*; | |
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter; | |
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; | |
import java.io.IOException; | |
/** | |
* @author 李 | |
* @version 1.0 | |
* 开发Filter并注入spring容器 | |
*/ | |
@Slf4j | |
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"}) | |
public class MyFilter implements Filter { | |
@Override | |
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { | |
log.info("MyFilter的init()方法被执行..."); | |
} | |
@Override | |
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { | |
log.info("MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行..."); | |
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; | |
log.info("过滤器处理的uri={}", httpServletRequest.getRequestURI()); | |
chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行 | |
} | |
@Override | |
public void destroy() { | |
log.info("MyFilter的destroy()方法被执行..."); | |
} | |
} |
(2)在主程序中配置扫描该过滤器(略)
(3)在浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/images/login.jpg
,后台输出:
2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行... | |
2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : 过滤器处理的uri=/images/login.jpg |
有时候后台没有输出,可能是浏览器缓存问题
2.3@WebListener
(1)MyListener.java
package com.li.thymeleaf.listener; | |
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; | |
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; | |
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; | |
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener; | |
/** | |
* @author 李 | |
* @version 1.0 | |
*/ | |
@Slf4j | |
@WebListener | |
public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener { | |
@Override | |
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { | |
//可以加入项目初始化相关的业务 | |
log.info("MyListener-contextInitialized()-项目初始化OK~"); | |
} | |
@Override | |
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { | |
//可以加入业务 | |
log.info("MyListener-contextDestroyed()-项目初销毁..."); | |
} | |
} |
(2)在主程序 Application.java配置扫描该监听器
package com.li.thymeleaf; | |
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; | |
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; | |
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan; | |
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; | |
/** | |
* @author 李 | |
* @version 1.0 | |
*/ | |
//指定扫描监听器 | |
@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf") | |
@SpringBootApplication | |
public class Application { | |
public static void main(String[] args) { | |
ConfigurableApplicationContext ioc = | |
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); | |
//监听器的contextDestroyed()方法在容器销毁时触发 | |
ioc.stop(); | |
} | |
} |
(3)启动项目,控制台输出:
3.使用RegistrationBean方式注入
RegistrationConfig.java:
package com.li.thymeleaf.config; | |
import com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter; | |
import com.li.thymeleaf.listener.MyListener; | |
import com.li.thymeleaf.servlet.MyServlet; | |
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean; | |
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletListenerRegistrationBean; | |
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean; | |
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; | |
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; | |
import java.util.Arrays; | |
/** | |
* @author 李 | |
* @version 1.0 | |
* RegistrationConfig是一个配置类, | |
* 默认为单实例模式 proxyBeanMethods=true | |
*/ | |
@Configuration | |
public class RegistrationConfig { | |
//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Servlet | |
@Bean | |
public ServletRegistrationBean servlet_() { | |
MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet(); | |
//将myServlet关联到ServletRegistrationBean对象 | |
//可以指定多个映射url | |
return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet, "/servlet01", "/servlet02"); | |
} | |
//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Filter | |
@Bean | |
public FilterRegistrationBean filter_() { | |
MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();//创建原生的Filter对象 | |
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter); | |
//设置filter的urlPattern | |
filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/css/*", "/images/*")); | |
return filterRegistrationBean; | |
} | |
//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Listener | |
@Bean | |
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean listener_() { | |
MyListener myListener = new MyListener();//创建原生的Listener对象 | |
return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(myListener); | |
} | |
} |
使用RegistrationBean的方式注入,不必在主程序Application.java中配置扫描
运行程序,可以看到三个组件都被注入到容器中:
4.注意事项和细节
4.1请求自定义Servlet时,为什么不会到达拦截器?
原因分析:
注入的Servlet会存在Spring容器,DispatcherServlet也存在Spring容器。当多个Servlet都能处理到同一层路径时,存在精确优先原则/最长前缀匹配原则:**精准匹配 > 目录匹配 > 扩展名匹配 > /* > / **
如下图:当浏览器请求路径为/servlet01
时,MyServlet的映射路径对与浏览器请求来说是精准匹配,因此此时MyServlet的映射路径优先级高于前端控制器的 /
,请求路径会走tomcat流程,不会到达前端控制器,也就不会执行拦截器。
当然,在SpringBoot中,去调用@Controller目标方法,仍是按照DispatcherServlet分发匹配的机制
4.2DispatcherServlet在SpringBoot如何进行配置和注入
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 完成对 DispatcherServlet 的自动配置。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 类,有一个内部类:
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) | |
@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class) | |
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class) | |
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class) | |
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration { | |
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) | |
//创建了DispatcherServlet对象,并进行一系列设置并返回。 | |
public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) { | |
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet(); | |
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest()); | |
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest()); | |
dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound()); | |
dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents()); | |
dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails()); | |
return dispatcherServlet; | |
} | |
@Bean | |
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class) | |
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME) | |
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) { | |
// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly | |
return resolver; | |
} | |
} |
然后通过如下方法,创建DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象,并将创建的DispatcherServlet对象关联到这个DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象中,将DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象通过@Bean注入到容器中。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) | |
@Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class) | |
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class) | |
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class) | |
@Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class) | |
protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration { | |
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME) | |
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME) | |
public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet, | |
WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) { | |
DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet, | |
webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());//设置路径 / | |
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME); | |
registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup()); | |
multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig); | |
return registration; | |
} | |
} |