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后运行
rustup doc
查看The Standard Library
即可获取标准库内容
std::collections::hash_set::HashSet定义
HashSet
是一种集合数据结构,它只存储唯一的元素。它主要用于检查元素是否存在于集合中,或者对元素进行去重操作,两个键相等,则它们的哈希值必须相等
HashSet
定义
// 默认哈希器为RandomState
pub struct HashSet<T, S = RandomState> {// 负责管理哈希表的存储和操作。它包含了哈希表的具体实现细节,如存储桶(buckets)、哈希函数、冲突解决策略base: base::HashSet<T, S>,
}
方法
with_capacity
:创建一个具有指定初始容量的HashSet
,可以预先分配足够的空间,避免在插入元素时频繁重新分配内存
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let hash_set: HashSet<u8> = HashSet::with_capacity(20);println!("{}", hash_set.capacity())// 28
}
capacity
:返回HashSet
当前的容量,即它可以容纳的元素数量,不包括已经被占用的空间用于处理哈希冲突等情况
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::with_capacity(5);hash_set.insert(1);hash_set.insert(2);println!("Capacity: {}", hash_set.capacity());// Capacity: 7
}
iter
:返回一个不可变迭代器,用于遍历HashSet
中的元素。元素的顺序是由哈希值和哈希表的内部结构决定的,不是按照插入顺序
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);for element in hash_set.iter() {println!("{}", element);}// 3// 1// 2
}
len
:返回HashSet
中元素的数量
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);println!("Length: {}", hash_set.len());// Length: 3
}
is_empty
:判断HashSet
是否为空
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let hash_set: HashSet<i32> = HashSet::new();println!("Is empty? {}", hash_set.is_empty());// Is empty? truelet non_empty_set = HashSet::from([1]);println!("Is non - empty set empty? {}", non_empty_set.is_empty());// s non - empty set empty? false
}
drain
:移除HashSet
中的所有元素,并返回一个迭代器,允许在移除元素的同时对其进行处理
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);let drained: HashSet<i32> = hash_set.drain().collect();println!("Drained set: {:?}", drained);// Drained set: {1, 2, 3}println!("Original set after drain: {:?}", hash_set);// Original set after drain: {}
}
retain
:保留满足给定谓词的元素,删除不满足的元素
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);hash_set.retain(|&x| x % 2 == 0);println!("Retained set: {:?}", hash_set);// Retained set: {4, 2}
}
clear
:移除HashSet
中的所有元素,使其变为空集
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);hash_set.clear();println!("Cleared set: {:?}", hash_set);// Cleared set: {}
}
with_hasher
:使用指定的哈希器(hasher)创建一个HashSet
。哈希器用于计算元素的哈希值,可以用于自定义哈希策略
use std::collections::HashSet;
use std::hash::RandomState;
fn main() {let s = RandomState::new();let mut set = HashSet::with_hasher(s);set.insert(2);println!("{:?}", set);// {2}
}
with_capacity_and_hasher
:同时指定初始容量和哈希器来创建一个HashSet
use std::collections::HashSet;
use std::hash::RandomState;
fn main() {let s = RandomState::new();let set: HashSet<u8> = HashSet::with_capacity_and_hasher(10, s);let hasher: &RandomState = set.hasher();println!("Capacity: {}", set.capacity());// Capacity: 14println!("hasher: {:?}", hasher);// hasher: RandomState { .. }
}
hasher
:返回HashSet
当前使用的哈希器
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let hash_set: HashSet<u8> = HashSet::new();let hasher = hash_set.hasher();println!("{:?}", hasher);// RandomState { .. }
}
reserve
:增加HashSet
的容量,确保它可以容纳至少指定数量的额外元素
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set: HashSet<u8> = HashSet::new();hash_set.reserve(10);println!("{}", hash_set.capacity());// 14
}
try_reserve
:尝试增加HashSet
的容量,如果无法增加则返回false
。这是一种更安全的容量增加方式,避免可能的内存分配错误
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set: HashSet<u8> = HashSet::new();if hash_set.try_reserve(10).is_ok() {println!("Reserved successfully");// Reserved successfully} else {println!("Failed to reserve");}println!("Capacity: {}", hash_set.capacity());// 14
}
shrink_to_fit
:将HashSet
的容量调整为与当前元素数量相匹配,释放多余的内存
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::with_capacity(10);hash_set.insert(1);hash_set.insert(2);println!("{}", hash_set.capacity());// 14hash_set.shrink_to_fit();println!("{}", hash_set.capacity());// 3
}
shrink_to
:将HashSet
的容量缩减为不超过指定的最小值。如果当前容量小于指定值,则不进行任何操作
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::with_capacity(10);hash_set.insert(1);hash_set.insert(2);println!("{}", hash_set.capacity());// 14hash_set.shrink_to(5);println!("{}", hash_set.capacity());// 7
}
difference
:返回一个迭代器,包含在当前HashSet
中但不在另一个HashSet
中的元素
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let a = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);let b = HashSet::from([4, 2, 3, 4]);for x in a.difference(&b) {println!("{x}"); // 1}// 在a但不在b中的元素let diff: HashSet<_> = a.difference(&b).collect();println!("{:?}", diff);// {1}// 在b但不在a中的元素let diff: HashSet<_> = b.difference(&a).collect();println!("{:?}", diff);// {4}
}
symmetric_difference
:返回一个迭代器,包含在当前HashSet
或另一个HashSet
中,但不同时在两个集合中的元素
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let a = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);let b = HashSet::from([4, 2, 3, 4]);for x in a.symmetric_difference(&b) {println!("{x}"); // 1 4}let diff1: HashSet<_> = a.symmetric_difference(&b).collect();let diff2: HashSet<_> = b.symmetric_difference(&a).collect();println!("diff1: {:?}", diff1);// diff1: {1, 4}println!("diff2: {:?}", diff2);// diff2: {4, 1}
}
intersection
:返回一个迭代器,包含同时在当前HashSet
和另一个HashSet
中的元素,即交集
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let a = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);let b = HashSet::from([4, 2, 3, 4]);for x in a.intersection(&b) {println!("{x}"); // 2 3}let intersection: HashSet<_> = a.intersection(&b).collect();println!("{:?}", intersection);// {2, 3}
}
union
:返回一个联合迭代器,包含在当前HashSet
或另一个HashSet
中的所有元素
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let a = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);let b = HashSet::from([4, 2, 3, 4]);for x in a.union(&b) {println!("{x}"); // 1 2 3 4}let union: HashSet<_> = a.union(&b).collect();println!("Union: {:?}", union);// Union: {1, 2, 3, 4}
}
contains
:检查HashSet
是否包含指定的元素
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);println!("Contains 2? {}", hash_set.contains(&2));// Contains 2? true
}
get
:返回一个指向HashSet
中指定元素的引用,如果元素不存在则返回None
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);if let Some(element) = hash_set.get(&2) {println!("Element found: {}", element);// Element found: 2}
}
is_disjoint
:检查当前HashSet
与另一个HashSet
是否没有共同的元素
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let set1 = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);let set2 = HashSet::from([4, 5, 6]);println!("Is disjoint? {}", set1.is_disjoint(&set2));// Is disjoint? true
}
is_subset
::检查当前HashSet
是否是另一个HashSet
的子集,即当前集合中的所有元素都在另一个集合中
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let set1 = HashSet::from([1, 2]);let set2 = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);println!("Is subset? {}", set1.is_subset(&set2));// Is subset? true
}
is_superset
:检查当前HashSet
是否是另一个HashSet
的超集,即另一个集合中的所有元素都在当前集合中
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let set1 = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);let set2 = HashSet::from([1, 2]);println!("Is superset? {}", set1.is_superset(&set2));// Is superset? true
}
insert
:向HashSet
中插入一个元素。如果元素已经存在,则不进行任何操作
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::new();hash_set.insert(1);println!("{:?}", hash_set);// {1}
}
replace
:向HashSet
中插入一个元素,替换掉已有的相同元素。如果元素不存在,则插入新元素
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::from([1]);hash_set.replace(2);println!("Replaced set: {:?}", hash_set);// Replaced set: {2, 1}
}
remove
:从HashSet
中移除指定的元素。如果元素不存在,则不进行任何操作
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);hash_set.remove(&2);println!("Removed set: {:?}", hash_set);// Removed set: {1, 3}
}
take
:从HashSet
中移除并返回指定的元素,如果元素不存在则返回None
use std::collections::HashSet;
fn main() {let mut hash_set = HashSet::from([1, 2, 3]);if let Some(element) = hash_set.take(&2) {println!("Taken element: {}", element);// Taken element: 2}println!("Set after take: {:?}", hash_set);// Set after take: {1, 3}
}