如何让虚拟机识别到宿主机的USB设备

我的实验环境：

Windows宿主机
VirtualBox虚拟化软件
一个Linux虚机
一个8G的USB磁盘

首先要让虚拟机能看到宿主机的USB设备，这是在VirtualBox中设置的。

选中虚机，右键选择“设置”菜单，再单击“USB设备”：
在这里插入图片描述
选中“启用USB控制器”，最右侧带+号的按钮为“USB筛选器”。可以看到我的USB磁盘，即“Generic Mass Storage [0105]”，其他的是我的手机，鼠标等。这个筛选器可根据USB设备的插拔状态动态显示。

跟踪/var/log/messages文件，可以实时反映USB设备插拔的状态。

拔出USB磁盘时：

# tail -f /var/log/messages
...
Aug 22 16:13:11 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: usb 1-1: USB disconnect, device number 2

插入USB磁盘时：

# tail -f /var/log/messages
...
Aug 22 16:13:21 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: usb 1-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci
Aug 22 16:13:21 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=058f, idProduct=6387, bcdDevice= 1.05
Aug 22 16:13:21 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
Aug 22 16:13:21 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: usb 1-1: Product: Mass Storage
Aug 22 16:13:21 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: usb 1-1: Manufacturer: Generic
Aug 22 16:13:21 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: usb 1-1: SerialNumber: ACBA3715
Aug 22 16:13:21 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: usb-storage 1-1:1.0: USB Mass Storage device detected
Aug 22 16:13:21 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: scsi host3: usb-storage 1-1:1.0
Aug 22 16:13:22 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: scsi 3:0:0:0: Direct-Access     Generic  Flash Disk       8.07 PQ: 0 ANSI: 4
Aug 22 16:13:22 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: scsi 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg1 type 0
Aug 22 16:13:22 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] 15728640 512-byte logical blocks: (8.05 GB/7.50 GiB)
Aug 22 16:13:22 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
Aug 22 16:13:23 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: disabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
Aug 22 16:13:23 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: sdb: sdb1
Aug 22 16:13:23 oracle-19c-vagrant kernel: sd 3:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk

操作系统已经可以认到设备，sdb就是我的8G USB磁盘：

# lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdb                   8:16   1  7.5G  0 disk
└─sdb1                8:17   1  7.5G  0 part
sda                   8:0    0   37G  0 disk
├─sda2                8:2    0 36.5G  0 part
│ ├─vg_main-lv_swap 252:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ └─vg_main-lv_root 252:0    0 32.5G  0 lvm  /
└─sda1                8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot

但是，还需要mount，才能看到USB上文件系统的内容。

# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt# ls -l /mnt
total 98456
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root     4096 Mar  4 22:31 ????
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root 57769714 Mar 13 04:57 20240116 Oracle??????IT.pptx
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root      128 Dec  4  2023 autorun.inf
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root     4096 Jan 30  2024 boot
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root   413738 Dec  4  2023 bootmgr
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root  1574256 Dec  4  2023 bootmgr.efi
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root     4096 Jan 30  2024 efi
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root 32847218 Nov 14  2023 Oracle?????????IT.pptx
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root  8086988 May 31 22:22 Oracle?????????.pptx
-rwxr-xr-x.  1 root root    74184 Dec  4  2023 setup.exe
drwxr-xr-x. 12 root root    12288 Jan 30  2024 sources
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root     4096 Jan 30  2024 support
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root     4096 Jan 30  2024 System Volume Information# mount | grep sdb
/dev/sdb1 on /mnt type vfat (rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)# umount /mnt

就是这样了，还有个遗留问题，就是中文还不能识别，后续再处理。