如何在Java中进行网络编程：Socket与NIO

如何在Java中进行网络编程：Socket与NIO

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一、介绍网络编程

网络编程是指通过计算机网络实现程序之间的数据交换和通信。在Java中，主要通过Socket和NIO（New I/O，即非阻塞I/O）来实现网络编程。

二、Socket编程

1. Socket基础

Socket是网络上运行的两个程序之间双向通信链路的端点。在Java中，使用Socket可以建立客户端和服务器之间的通信。

1.1 客户端示例

package cn.juwatech.network.socket;import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;public class SocketClient {public static void main(String[] args) {String serverAddress = "127.0.0.1";int port = 8080;try (Socket socket = new Socket(serverAddress, port);PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()))) {// 发送数据到服务器out.println("Hello, Server!");// 接收服务器返回的数据String response = in.readLine();System.out.println("Server response: " + response);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

1.2 服务器端示例

package cn.juwatech.network.socket;import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;public class SocketServer {public static void main(String[] args) {int port = 8080;try (ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);Socket clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()))) {System.out.println("Client connected: " + clientSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());// 接收客户端发送的数据String inputLine;while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {System.out.println("Client message: " + inputLine);// 响应客户端out.println("Server received: " + inputLine);}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

2. NIO编程

NIO是Java提供的一种高性能、可扩展的I/O操作方式，相比传统的阻塞I/O，NIO提供了更强大的多路复用机制。

2.1 NIO客户端示例

package cn.juwatech.network.nio;import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;public class NIOClient {public static void main(String[] args) {String serverAddress = "127.0.0.1";int port = 8080;try {SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(serverAddress, port));String message = "Hello, Server!";ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes());socketChannel.write(buffer);buffer.clear();int bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);while (bytesRead > 0) {buffer.flip();while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {System.out.print((char) buffer.get());}buffer.clear();bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);}socketChannel.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}

2.2 NIO服务器端示例

package cn.juwatech.network.nio;import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;public class NIOServer {public static void main(String[] args) {int port = 8080;try {ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));while (true) {SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);int bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);while (bytesRead != -1) {buffer.flip();while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {System.out.print((char) buffer.get());}buffer.clear();bytesRead = socketChannel.read(buffer);}socketChannel.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}