### 一.Apache的作用 ###
在web被访问时通常使用http://的方式
http:// ##超文本传输协议
http:// 超文本传输协议提供软件:
Apache
nginx
stgw
jfe
Tengine
### 二.Apache的安装 ###
dnf install httpd.x86_64 -y
### 三.Apache的启用 ###
systemctl enable --now httpd ##开启服务并设定服务位开机启动
firewall-cmd --list-all ##查看火墙信息
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http ##在火墙中永久开启http访问
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https ##在火墙中永久开启https访问
firewall-cmd --reload ##刷新火墙使设定生效
### 四.Apache的基本信息 ###
服务名称:httpd
配置文件: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ##主配置文件
/etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf ##子配置文件
默认发布目录: /var/www/html
默认发布文件: index.html
默认端口: 80 #http
443 #https
用户: apache
日志: /etc/httpd/logs
### 五.Apache的基本配置 ###
(1)Apache端口修改
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 8080
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
systemctl restart httpd
http://172.25.254.100:8080
(2)默认发布文件
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DirectoryIndex westos.html index.html
systemctl restart httpd
(3)默认发布目录
mkdir /var/www/westos
mv /var/www/westos /var
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot "/var/westos"
<Directory "/var/westos">Require all granted
</Directory>
systemctl restart httpd
firefox http://192.168.0.11
### 六.Apache的访问控制 ###
#实验素材#
mkdir /var/www/html/westos
vim /var/www/html/westos/index.html
<h1>westosdir's page</h1>
firefox http://192.168.0.11/westos
(1)基于客户端ip的访问控制
#ip白名单# <Directory "/var/www/html/westos">Order Deny,AllowAllow from 192.168.0.10Deny from All
</Directory>#ip黑名单# <Directory "/var/www/html/westos">Order Allow,DenyAllow from AllDeny from 192.168.0.10
</Directory>
(2)基于用户认证
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/westos">AuthUserfile /etc/httpd/htpasswdfile ##指定认证文件AuthName "Please input your name and password" ##认证提示语AuthType basic ##认证类型Require user admin ##允许通过的认证用户 2选1
Require valid-user ##允许所有用户通过认证 2选1
</Directory>
htpasswd -cm /etc/httpd/htpasswdfile admin ##生成认证文件注意:当/etc/httpd/htpasswdfile存在那么在添加用户时不要加-c参数否则会覆盖源文件内容
###七.Apache的虚拟主机 ###
mkdir -p /var/www/westos.com/{news,wenku}
echo "wenku's page" >/var/www/westos.com/wenku/index.html
echo "news's page" > /var/www/westos.com/news/index.html
echo "default's page" > /var/www/html/index.html
vim /etc/httpd/Vhost.conf
<VirtualHost _default_:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
CustomLog logs/default.log combined
</VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName wenku.westos.com
DocumentRoot "/var/www/westos.com/wenku"
CustomLog logs/wenku.log combined
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName news.westos.com
DocumentRoot "/var/www/westos.com/news"
CustomLog logs/news.log combined
</VirtualHost>
测试:
在浏览器所在主机中
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.0.11 www.westos.com wenku.westos.ocm news.westos.comfirefox http://www.westos.com
firefox http://wenku.westos.com
firefox http://news.westos.com
### 八.Apache的语言支持 ###
(1)php
vim /var/www/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
dnf install php -y
systemctl restart httpd
firefox http://192.168.0.11/index.php
(2)cgi
mkdir /var/www/html/cgidir
vim /var/www/html/cgidir/index.cgi
#!/usr/bin/perl
print "Content-type: text/html\n\n";
print `date`;
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/cgidir">
Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
</Directory>
firefox http://192.168.0.11/cgidir/index.cgi
(3)wsgi
书写wsgi的测试文件
vim /var/www/html/wsgi/index.wsgidef application(env, westos):westos('200 ok',[('Content-Type', 'text/html')])return [b'hello westos ahhahahahah!']dnf install python3-mod_wsgi
systemctl restart httpd
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost
<VirtualHost *:80>ServerName wsgi.westos.orgWSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/html/wsgi/index.wsgi
</VirtualHost>
### 九.Apache的加密访问 ###
(1)安装加密插件
dnf install mod_ssl -y
(2)生成证书
方法一
openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key 2048 #生成私钥
openssl req -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key \ -out /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.csr ##生成证书签名文件
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in \ /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.csr \ -signkey /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key \ -out /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt #生成证书
x509 证书格式
-req 请求
-in 加载签证名称
-signkey /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
方法二
openssl req --newkey rsa:2048 \ -nodes -sha256 -keyout /etc/httpd/westos.org.key \ -x509 -days 365 -out /etc/httpd/westos.org.crt
(3)强制加密
对于一些需要填登陆信息的网页,无论用户是否进入加密传输,都强制转到加密传输网页
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName login.westos.com
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^(/.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1
</VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443>
ServerName login.westos.com
DocumentRoot "/www/westos.com/login"
CustomLog logs/login.log combined
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key
</VirtualHost>
systemctl restart httpd
^(/.*)$ ##客户地址栏中输入的地址
%{HTTP_HOST} ##客户主机
$1 ##RewriteRule后面跟的第一串字符的值
### 十.Squid+Apache ###
(1)squid 正向代理
实验环境:
单网卡主机设定ip不能上网
双网卡主机设定ip1可以连接单网卡主机,设定ip2可以上网
实验效果
让单网卡主机不能上网但浏览器可以访问互联网页
操作:
在双网卡主机中
dnf install squid -y
vim /etc/squid/squid.conf
59 http_access allow all
65 cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 100 16 256
systemctl restart squid
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3128/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
在单网卡专辑中选择
NetWork Proxy
172.25.254.30 3128
测试:
在单网卡主机中
ping www.baidu.com 不通
在浏览器中访问www.baidu.com可以
(2)squid反向代理
实验环境:
172.25.254.100 ##Apache服务器
172.25.254.200 ##squid,没有数据负责缓存
vim /etc/squid/squid.conf
http_port 80 vhost vport ##vhost 支持虚拟域名 vport 支持虚拟端口#当200的80端口被访问会从100的80端口缓存数据
cache_peer 172.25.254.20 parent 80 0 proxy-only
systemctl restart squid
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3128/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload测试:
firefox http:/172.25.254.200
访问看到的时172.25.254.100上的数据