使用Selenium和Python自动预订车票

在本文中，我们将探讨如何使用Selenium和Python自动预订车票。我们将以12306.cn网站为例，演示自动化预订车票的过程。通过阅读本文，您将更好地了解如何使用Selenium与网页进行交互。

准备工作

首先，我们需要安装Selenium库。您可以使用以下命令在您的Python环境中安装Selenium：
shell
pip install selenium
我们还需要下载适用于您的浏览器版本的chromedriver.exe。您可以从以下链接下载chromedriver.exe：chromedriver下载地址

代码解析

首先，让我们导入所需的库和模块：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from config import Config
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
import select
接下来，我们定义了一个函数 `isElementExist` ，用于判断元素是否存在：
def isElementExist(driver):flag=Trueele = driver.find_elements(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='btn72')if len(ele) == 0:flag = Falsereturn flagif len(ele) == 1:return flagelse:flag = Falsereturn flag

然后，我们定义了一个函数 get_ticket ，用于预订车票：

def get_ticket(conf, driver, url):driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {"source": """Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {get: () => undefined})"""})driver.maximize_window()driver.get(url)driver.implicitly_wait(5)login = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-btn-login')login.click()driver.implicitly_wait(10)username_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-userName')username_tag.send_keys(conf.username)password_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-password')password_tag.send_keys(conf.password)login_now = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value='J-login')login_now.click()time.sleep(20)driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="link_for_ticket"]').click()driver.implicitly_wait(10)driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="fromStationText"]').click()driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="fromStationText"]').clear()driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="fromStationText"]').send_keys(conf.fromstation)time.sleep(1)driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="fromStationText"]').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)destination_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="toStationText"]')destination_tag.click()destination_tag.clear()destination_tag.send_keys(conf.destination)time.sleep(1)destination_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)driver.implicitly_wait(5)date_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="train_date"]')date_tag.click()date_tag.clear()date_tag.send_keys(conf.date)time.sleep(1)query_tag = driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="query_ticket"]')start = time.time()while True:driver.implicitly_wait(5)driver.execute_script("$(arguments[0]).click()", query_tag)if not isElementExist(driver):print(f"15点30分起售，现在是{time.strftime('%H:%M:%S', time.localtime())}，还未开始售票")if time.time() - start >= 120:driver.refresh()start = time.time()time.sleep(1)continuetickets = driver.find_elements(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="queryLeftTable"]/tr')tickets = [tickets[i] for i in range(len(tickets) - 1) if i % 2 == 0]for ticket in tickets:if ticket.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME,value='number').text == conf.trainnumber and ticket.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//td[8]').text != "候补":ticket.find_element(by=By.CLASS_NAME, value='btn72').click()driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="normalPassenger_0"]').click()driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//*[@id="submitOrder_id"]').click()driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//html/body/div[5]/div/div[5]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[3]/div[2]/div[2]/ul[2]/li[2]/a[@id="1F"]').click()driver.find_element(by=By.XPATH, value='//html/body/div[5]/div/div[5]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div[2]/div[8]/a[2][@id="qr_submit_id"]').click()print(f"{conf.trainnumber}次列车抢票成功，请尽快在10分钟内支付！")return

最后，我们使用了 Config 类来保存有关车票的配置信息，并在 main 函数中调用 get_ticket 函数来执行预订车票的操作：

if __name__ == '__main__':conf = Config()url = 'https://www.12306.cn/index/'driver = webdriver.Chrome()get_ticket(conf, driver, url)time.sleep(10)driver.quit()