一、IO多路复用select函数

1.select函数

int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);

        nfds:         是三个集合中编号最高的文件描述符，加上 1

        readfds/writefds/exceptfds:         可读集合/可写集合/异常集合

        timeout:        NULL: 永久阻塞

                                0：  非阻塞模式

                        

                        struct timeval {

                            long    tv_sec;         /* 秒 */

                            long    tv_usec;        /* 微秒 */

                        };

fd_set结构体

二、多路复用select实现

服务端

头文件

#ifndef _NET_H_
#define _NET_H_#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <errno.h>typedef struct sockaddr Addr;
typedef struct sockaddr_in Addr_in;
#define BACKLOG 5
#define ErrExit(msg) do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while(0)void Argment(int argc, char *argv[]);
int CreateSocket(char *argv[]);
int DataHandle(int fd);#endif

select函数

#include "net.h"
#include <sys/select.h>
#define MAX_SOCK_FD 1024int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{int i, ret, fd, newfd;fd_set set, tmpset;Addr_in clientaddr;socklen_t clientlen = sizeof(Addr_in);/*检查参数，小于3个 直接退出进程*/Argment(argc, argv);/*创建已设置监听模式的套接字*/fd = CreateSocket(argv);FD_ZERO(&set);FD_ZERO(&tmpset);FD_SET(fd, &set);while(1){tmpset = set;if( (ret = select(MAX_SOCK_FD, &tmpset, NULL, NULL, NULL)) < 0)ErrExit("select");if(FD_ISSET(fd, &tmpset) ){/*接收客户端连接，并生成新的文件描述符*/if( (newfd = accept(fd, (Addr *)&clientaddr, &clientlen) ) < 0)perror("accept");printf("[%s:%d]已建立连接\n", inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(clientaddr.sin_port));FD_SET(newfd, &set);}else{ //处理客户端数据for(i = fd + 1; i < MAX_SOCK_FD; i++){if(FD_ISSET(i, &tmpset)){if( DataHandle(i) <= 0){if( getpeername(i, (Addr *)&clientaddr, &clientlen) )perror("getpeername");printf("[%s:%d]断开连接\n", inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr), ntohs(clientaddr.sin_port));FD_CLR(i, &set);}}}}}return 0;
}

封装函数 

#include "net.h"void Argment(int argc, char *argv[]){if(argc < 3){fprintf(stderr, "%s<addr><port>\n", argv[0]);exit(0);}
}
int CreateSocket(char *argv[]){/*创建套接字*/int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if(fd < 0)ErrExit("socket");/*允许地址快速重用*/int flag = 1;if( setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &flag, sizeof(flag) ) )perror("setsockopt");/*设置通信结构体*/Addr_in addr;bzero(&addr, sizeof(addr) );addr.sin_family = AF_INET;addr.sin_port = htons( atoi(argv[2]) );/*绑定通信结构体*/if( bind(fd, (Addr *)&addr, sizeof(Addr_in) ) )ErrExit("bind");/*设置套接字为监听模式*/if( listen(fd, BACKLOG) )ErrExit("listen");return fd;
}
int DataHandle(int fd){char buf[BUFSIZ] = {};Addr_in peeraddr;socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(Addr_in);if( getpeername(fd, (Addr *)&peeraddr, &peerlen) )perror("getpeername");int ret = recv(fd, buf, BUFSIZ, 0);if(ret < 0)perror("recv");if(ret > 0){printf("[%s:%d]data: %s\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port), buf);}return ret;
}