详细使用参考： 【Android入门到项目实战--4.5】—— SQLite数据库存储实现增删改查_android sqlite数据库增删改查-CSDN博客

Android Room 是 Android 官方提供的一个持久性库，用于在 Android 应用程序中管理数据库。它提供了一个对象关系映射（ORM）层，允许您在应用程序中使用对象来表示数据库表和数据行，并自动生成与之相关的SQL查询和操作。

Room使用

1.在build.gradle文件中添加依赖

def room_version = "2.6.1"implementation "androidx.room:room-runtime:$room_version"annotationProcessor "androidx.room:room-compiler:$room_version"

2.创建一个数据实体类：实体表示应用的数据库中的表。数据实体用于更新表中的行所存储的数据以及创建新行供插入。

使用 Room 实体定义数据  |  Android Developers (google.cn)

3.创建一个数据访问对象 (DAO)：提供在数据库中查询、更新、插入和删除数据的方法。

使用 Room DAO 访问数据  |  Android Developers (google.cn)

4.创建一个数据库类：数据库类用于定义实体和数据访问对象的列表。它也是底层连接的主要访问点。

@Database(entities = {Student.class},version = 1,exportSchema = false)
public abstract class StudentDatabase extends RoomDatabase {public abstract StudentDao getStudentDao();private static StudentDatabase INSTANCE;public static synchronized StudentDatabase getInstance(Context context){if (INSTANCE == null){INSTANCE = Room.databaseBuilder(context.getApplicationContext(),StudentDatabase.class,"student_database").build();}return INSTANCE;}}

• 该类必须带有@Database注解，entities指明包含的实体， version表明版本，将 version 设为 1。每当更改数据库表的架构时，都必须提升版本号。将 exportSchema 设为 false，这样就不会保留架构版本记录的备份。
• 该类必须是一个抽象类，用于继承RoomDatabase。
• 对于与数据库关联的每个 DAO 类，数据库类必须定义一个具有零参数的抽象方法，并返回 DAO 类的实例。
• 使用Room的Room.databaseBuilder创建数据库。不过，仅当该数据库不存在时才应创建。否则，请返回现有数据库。

5.创建一个类实现数据库异步操作

public class DBEngine {private StudentDao studentDao;public DBEngine(Context context) {StudentDatabase studentDatabase = StudentDatabase.getInstance(context);studentDao = studentDatabase.getStudentDao();}public void insertStudents(Student... students){new InsertAsyncTask(studentDao).execute(students);}public  void deleteStudents(Student... students){new DeleteAsyncTask(studentDao).execute(students);}public void updateStudents(Student... students){new UpdateAsyncTask(studentDao).execute(students);}public  void deleteAllStudent(){new DeleteAllAsyncTask(studentDao).execute();}public  void queryStudents(){new QueryAllAsyncTask(studentDao).execute();}//插入static class InsertAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Student,Void,Void>{private StudentDao dao;public InsertAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao) {dao = studentDao;}@Overrideprotected Void doInBackground(Student... students) {dao.insertStudents(students);return null;}}//修改static class UpdateAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Student,Void,Void>{private StudentDao dao;public UpdateAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao) {dao = studentDao;}@Overrideprotected Void doInBackground(Student... students) {dao.updateStudents(students);return null;}}//删除static   class DeleteAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Student,Void,Void>{private StudentDao dao;public DeleteAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao) {dao = studentDao;}@Overrideprotected Void doInBackground(Student... students) {dao.deleteStudents(students);return null;}}//全部删除static class DeleteAllAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Void,Void>{private StudentDao dao;public DeleteAllAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao){dao = studentDao;}@Overrideprotected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {dao.deleteAllStudents();return null;}}//全部查询static class QueryAllAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Void,Void,Void>{private StudentDao dao;public QueryAllAsyncTask(StudentDao studentDao){dao = studentDao;}@Overrideprotected Void doInBackground(Void... voids) {List<Student> allStudents = dao.getAllStudents();for (Student s : allStudents) {Log.e("search", "doInBackground:全部查询每一项"+ s.toString() );}return null;}}

6.MainActivity

public class MainActivity2 extends AppCompatActivity {private DBEngine dbEngine;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);dbEngine = new DBEngine(this);}public void insertAction(View view) {Student student = new Student("jerry",8);Student student1 = new Student("tom",9);Student student2 = new Student("jack",10);dbEngine.insertStudents(student,student1,student2);}public void deleteAction(View view) {Student student = new Student(null,0);student.setId(2);dbEngine.deleteStudents(student);}public void updateAction(View view) {Student student = new Student("lili",20);student.setId(3);dbEngine.updateStudents(student);}public void queryAction(View view) {dbEngine.queryStudents();}public void deleteAllAction(View view) {dbEngine.deleteAllStudent();}
}