爬取地址https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2023/

import re
import requests
import pandas as pd
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
import time
from lxml import etree
import pymysql
t ,urls ,names = [],[],[]
INDEX_URL = "https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2023/" #初始url# 创建连接
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1',port=3306,user='**',passwd='**', db='**',charset='utf8mb4')
# 获取游标对象
cursor = conn.cursor()
insert_data_sql = "insert into region(code, name,pcode) values(%s, %s,%s);"
#row = cursor.execute(insert_data_sql, ('shark', 18))headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6'}
# 创建不验证证书的上下文
# context = ssl.create_default_context()
# context.check_hostname = False
# context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
#获取省份页面
#province_response = urllib.request.urlopen(INDEX_URL + "index.html",context=context).read().decode("utf-8")province_response = requests.get(INDEX_URL + "index.html")
province_response.encoding= 'utf-8'     # 指定编码 
# 获取省份列表
province_data = re.findall(r"<td><a href=\"(.*?)\">(.*?)<br /></a></td>", province_response.text)def get_city_code(province_url,names,codes):# 获取城市初始页print(INDEX_URL + province_url)print('爬取省份-----------------{}'.format(names))global restry:city_response = requests.get(INDEX_URL + province_url)city_response.encoding= 'utf-8'     # 指定res的编码 #city_response = urllib.request.urlopen(INDEX_URL + province_url,context=context).read().decode("utf-8")except Exception as a:city_response = requests.get(INDEX_URL + "index.html")city_response.encoding= 'utf-8'     # 指定res的编码 #city_response = urllib.request.urlopen(INDEX_URL + province_url,context=context).read().decode("utf-8")print(a)# 获取地区名称 + 地区代码city_data = etree.HTML(city_response.text) #etree.HTML(city_response)for i in city_data.xpath('//tr[@class="citytr"]'):code2 = i.xpath('td[1]//text()')[0]name2 = i.xpath('td[2]//text()')[0]cursor.execute(insert_data_sql, (code2, name2,codes))conn.commit()try:url  = i.xpath('td[1]/a/@href')[0]get_area_code(url,code2)except Exception as a:print('异常url:',url)print('异常城市:',name2)print(f"An error occurred: {a}")def get_area_code(city_url,codes):# 获取区县
#     print('请求城市',INDEX_URL + city_url)try:area_response = requests.get(INDEX_URL + city_url)area_response.encoding= 'utf-8'     # 指定res的编码 #area_response = urllib.request.urlopen(INDEX_URL + city_url,context=context).read().decode("utf-8")
#         print('请求成功')except Exception as a:     area_response = requests.get(INDEX_URL + city_url)area_response.encoding= 'utf-8'     # 指定res的编码   #area_response = urllib.request.urlopen(INDEX_URL + city_url,context=context).read().decode("utf-8")  #错误后重新调用方法# 获取街道名称 + 街道代码area_data = etree.HTML(area_response.text)if len(area_data)==0:print("---------------------区县异常------------------------------",city_url)for i in area_data.xpath('//tr[@class="countytr"]'):code3 = i.xpath('td[1]//text()')[0]name3 = i.xpath('td[2]//text()')[0]cursor.execute(insert_data_sql, (code3, name3,codes))conn.commit()def get_street_code(area_url):global res# 获取街道初始页try:street_response = requests.get(INDEX_URL + area_url)street_response.encoding= 'utf-8'     # 指定res的编码 #street_response = urllib.request.urlopen(INDEX_URL + area_url[3:5] + "/" + area_url,context=context).read().decode("utf-8")except Exception as a: street_response = requests.get(INDEX_URL + area_url)street_response.encoding= 'utf-8'     # 指定res的编码 #street_response = urllib.request.urlopen(INDEX_URL + area_url[3:5] + "/" + area_url,context=context).read().decode("utf-8")print(a)#     print(street_data)street_data = etree.HTML(street_response.text)if len(street_data)==0:print("---------------------------------------------------",area_url)# 获取街道名称 + 街道代码for i in street_data.xpath('//tr[@class="towntr"]'):code4 = i.xpath('td[1]//text()')[0]name4 = i.xpath('td[2]//text()')[0]new_row = pd.Series({'代码':code4,'区域':name4})res = pd.concat([res,new_row.to_frame() ], ignore_index=True)for url, name1 in province_data:# 获取省份名称 与 代码code1 = url.replace(".html", "") + "0" * 10if url not in urls:cursor.execute(insert_data_sql, (code1, name1,0))conn.commit()get_city_code(url,name1,code1)