在Windows应用程序开发中,刚刚介绍了WPF版的利用RichTextBox实现文本编辑器,今天继续推出WinForm版的利用RichTextBox实现文本编辑器。本文利用一个简单的小例子,简述如何在WinForm开发中,利用RichTextBox开发文本编辑器,以及RichTextBox的用法,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
Windows窗体中的RichTextBox控件用于显示,输入和操作格式化的文本,RichTextBox除了拥有TextBox控件的所有功能外,还可以显示字体,颜色,链接,从文件中读取和加载图像,以及查找指定的字符。RichTextBox控件通常用于提供类似字体处理程序(如Microsoft Word)的文本操作和显示功能。RichTextBox控件可以显示滚动条,且默认根据需要进行显示。
涉及知识点
在本示例中,涉及知识点如下所示:
-
SelectionFont 获取或设置当前选定文本或插入点的字体。
-
FontStyle 指定应用到文本的字形信息。
-
SelectionAlignment 获取或设置应用到当前选定内容或插入点的对齐方式。
-
SelectionIndent 获取或设置所选内容开始行的缩进距离(以像素为单位)。
-
SelectionCharOffset 获取或设置控件中的文本是显示在基线上、作为上标还是作为基线下方的下标。
-
SelectionColor 获取或设置当前选定文本或插入点的文本颜色。
-
SelectionBackColor 获取或设置在 System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox 控件中选中文本时文本的颜色。
-
SelectionBullet 获取或设置一个值,通过该值指示项目符号样式是否应用到当前选定内容或插入点。
-
Clipboard Paste 粘贴指定剪贴板格式的剪贴板内容【插入图片时使用】。
-
Find 在对搜索应用特定选项的情况下,在 System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox 控件的文本中搜索位于控件内特定位置的字符串。
核心代码
1. 定义接口
为了规范和统一,定义实现样式接口IRichFormat,如下所示:
namespace DemoRichText.Model
{/// <summary>/// 富文本框格式/// </summary>public interface IRichFormat{void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo);}
}
2. 实现样式基类
定义一个接口的默认实现基类BaseRichFormat,此基类是抽象类,如下所示:
namespace DemoRichText.Model
{public abstract class BaseRichFormat : IRichFormat{public abstract void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo);}
}
3. 具体实现方法
具体到每一个功能样式设置,均继承自BaseRichFormat,如下所示:
namespace DemoRichText.Model
{public class DefaultRickFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){}}/// <summary>/// 加粗格式/// </summary>public class BoldRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){Font oldFont = rtbInfo.SelectionFont;Font newFont;if (oldFont.Bold){newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style & ~FontStyle.Bold);//支持位于运算}else{newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style | FontStyle.Bold);}rtbInfo.SelectionFont = newFont;}}/// <summary>/// 斜体/// </summary>public class ItalicRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){Font oldFont = rtbInfo.SelectionFont;Font newFont;if (oldFont.Italic){newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style & ~FontStyle.Italic);}else{newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style | FontStyle.Italic);}rtbInfo.SelectionFont = newFont;rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 下划线/// </summary>public class UnderLineRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){Font oldFont = rtbInfo.SelectionFont;Font newFont;if (oldFont.Underline){newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style & ~FontStyle.Underline);}else{newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style | FontStyle.Underline);}rtbInfo.SelectionFont = newFont;rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 删除线/// </summary>public class StrikeLineRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){Font oldFont = rtbInfo.SelectionFont;Font newFont;if (oldFont.Underline){newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style & ~FontStyle.Strikeout);}else{newFont = new Font(oldFont, oldFont.Style | FontStyle.Strikeout);}rtbInfo.SelectionFont = newFont;rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 左对齐/// </summary>public class LeftRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){rtbInfo.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 居中对齐/// </summary>public class CenterRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){if (rtbInfo.SelectionAlignment == HorizontalAlignment.Center){rtbInfo.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;}else{rtbInfo.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center;}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 右对齐/// </summary>public class RightRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){if (rtbInfo.SelectionAlignment == HorizontalAlignment.Right){rtbInfo.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;}else{rtbInfo.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right;}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 缩进对齐/// </summary>public class IndentRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){//每次以10个像素进行缩进rtbInfo.SelectionIndent = rtbInfo.SelectionIndent + 10;rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 缩进对齐/// </summary>public class OutIndentRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){//每次以10个像素进行缩进rtbInfo.SelectionIndent = rtbInfo.SelectionIndent - 10;rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 下标/// </summary>public class SubScriptRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){if (rtbInfo.SelectionCharOffset < 0){rtbInfo.SelectionCharOffset = 0;}else {rtbInfo.SelectionCharOffset = -5;}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 上标/// </summary>public class SuperScriptRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){if (rtbInfo.SelectionCharOffset > 0){rtbInfo.SelectionCharOffset = 0;}else {rtbInfo.SelectionCharOffset = 5;}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 字体/// </summary>public class FontRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){FontDialog f = new FontDialog();if (f.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK){FontFamily family = f.Font.FontFamily;rtbInfo.SelectionFont = new Font(family, rtbInfo.SelectionFont.Size, rtbInfo.SelectionFont.Style);}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 文本颜色/// </summary>public class ForeColorRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){ColorDialog f = new ColorDialog();if (f.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK){rtbInfo.SelectionColor = f.Color;}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 文本背景颜色/// </summary>public class BgColorRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){ColorDialog f = new ColorDialog();if (f.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK){rtbInfo.SelectionBackColor = f.Color;}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// UL列表,项目符号样式/// </summary>public class UlRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){if (rtbInfo.SelectionBullet){rtbInfo.SelectionBullet = false;}else {rtbInfo.SelectionBullet = true;rtbInfo.BulletIndent = 10;}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 图片插入/// </summary>public class PicRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){OpenFileDialog o = new OpenFileDialog();o.InitialDirectory = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;o.Title = "请选择图片";o.Filter = "jpeg|*.jpeg|jpg|*.jpg|png|*.png|gif|*.gif";if (o.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) {string fileName = o.FileName;try{Image bmp = Image.FromFile(fileName);Clipboard.SetDataObject(bmp);DataFormats.Format dataFormat = DataFormats.GetFormat(DataFormats.Bitmap);if (rtbInfo.CanPaste(dataFormat)){rtbInfo.Paste(dataFormat);}}catch (Exception exc){MessageBox.Show("图片插入失败。" + exc.Message, "提示",MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);}}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 删除/// </summary>public class DelRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){rtbInfo.SelectedText = "";rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 查找/// </summary>public class SearchRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){string find = rtbInfo.Tag.ToString();int index= rtbInfo.Find(find, 0,RichTextBoxFinds.None);int startPos = index;int nextIndex = 0;while (nextIndex != startPos)//循环查找字符串,并用蓝色加粗12号Times New Roman标记之{rtbInfo.SelectionStart = index;rtbInfo.SelectionLength = find.Length;rtbInfo.SelectionColor = Color.Blue;rtbInfo.SelectionFont = new Font("Times New Roman", (float)12, FontStyle.Bold);rtbInfo.Focus();nextIndex = rtbInfo.Find(find, index + find.Length, RichTextBoxFinds.None);if (nextIndex == -1)//若查到文件末尾,则充值nextIndex为初始位置的值,使其达到初始位置,顺利结束循环,否则会有异常。{nextIndex = startPos;}index = nextIndex;}rtbInfo.Focus();}}/// <summary>/// 打印/// </summary>public class PrintRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{private RichTextBox richTextbox;public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){this.richTextbox = rtbInfo;PrintDocument pd = new PrintDocument();pd.PrintPage += new PrintPageEventHandler(pd_PrintPage);// 打印文档pd.Print();}private void pd_PrintPage(object sender, PrintPageEventArgs ev){//ev.Graphics.DrawString(richTextbox.Text);//ev.HasMorePages = true;}}/// <summary>/// 字体大小/// </summary>public class FontSizeRichFormat : BaseRichFormat{public override void SetFormat(RichTextBox rtbInfo){string fontSize = rtbInfo.Tag.ToString();float fsize = 0.0f;if (float.TryParse(fontSize, out fsize)) {rtbInfo.SelectionFont = new Font(rtbInfo.Font.FontFamily, fsize, rtbInfo.SelectionFont.Style);}rtbInfo.Focus();}}
}
4. 实现工厂模式
因为所有实现都基于同一个接口,所以进一步封装样式设置的实现类,如下所示:
namespace DemoRichText.Model
{public class RichFormatFactory{public static IRichFormat CreateRichFormat(BTNType btnType){IRichFormat richFormat;switch (btnType){case BTNType.Bold:richFormat = new BoldRichFormat();break;case BTNType.BGColor:richFormat = new BgColorRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Center:richFormat = new CenterRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Del:richFormat = new DelRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Font:richFormat = new FontRichFormat();break;case BTNType.ForeColor:richFormat = new ForeColorRichFormat();break;case BTNType.FontSize:richFormat = new FontSizeRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Indent:richFormat = new IndentRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Italic:richFormat = new ItalicRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Left:richFormat = new LeftRichFormat();break;case BTNType.OutIndent:richFormat = new OutIndentRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Pic:richFormat = new PicRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Print:richFormat = new PrintRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Right:richFormat = new RightRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Search:richFormat = new SearchRichFormat();break;case BTNType.StrikeLine:richFormat = new StrikeLineRichFormat();break;case BTNType.SubScript:richFormat = new SubScriptRichFormat();break;case BTNType.SuperScript:richFormat = new SuperScriptRichFormat();break;case BTNType.Ul:richFormat = new UlRichFormat();break;case BTNType.UnderLine:richFormat = new UnderLineRichFormat();break;default:richFormat = new DefaultRickFormat();break;}return richFormat;}}
}
5. UI页面代码
由于实现了代码封装,所有页面代码较少,如下所示:
namespace DemoRichText
{public partial class MainForm : Form{public MainForm(){InitializeComponent();}public void btnButtonClick(object sender, EventArgs e) {Button btn = (Button)sender;BTNType btnType;if (Enum.TryParse<BTNType>(btn.Tag.ToString(), out btnType)) {if (btnType == BTNType.Search) {if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.txtSearch.Text.Trim())){this.rtbInfo.Tag = this.txtSearch.Text.Trim();}else {return;}}IRichFormat richFomat = RichFormatFactory.CreateRichFormat(btnType);richFomat.SetFormat(this.rtbInfo);}}private void combFontSize_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e){float fsize = 12.0f;if (combFontSize.SelectedIndex > -1) {if (float.TryParse(combFontSize.SelectedItem.ToString(), out fsize)) {rtbInfo.Tag = fsize.ToString();IRichFormat richFomat = RichFormatFactory.CreateRichFormat(BTNType.FontSize);richFomat.SetFormat(this.rtbInfo);}return;}}}
}
示例效果图
设置文本对应的格式,具体如下所示:
源码下载
关于源码下载,可关注公众号,并回复关键字WINRICH即可,如下所示:
以上就是【详解C#之WinForm版利用RichTextBox 制作文本编辑器】的全部内容,关于更多详细内容,可参考官方文档。希望能够一起学习,共同进步。