前言
Modbus通讯协议在工控行业的应用是很多的，并且也是上位机开发的基本技能之一。相关的类库也很多也很好用。以前只负责用，对其并没有深入学习和了解。前段时间有点空就在这块挖了挖。想做到知其然还要知其所以然。所以就有了自己封装的Modbus工具类库的想法。一来是练练手，二来是自己封装的用的更顺手。
Modbus通讯协议我在工作中目前只用到了两种一个是串口通讯ModbusRTU，还有一个是网络通讯ModbusTcp。所以本文只有这两种通讯的实现。
设计思想
C#是高级语言有很多好用的东西，如面像对像，设计模式等。但我在工作中还是经常看到面像过程的编程。如有多个串口设备就有多个代码类似的工具类。代码重复非常严重。我认为这种事还是要发点时间总结和代码一下代码，把它封装工具类库。以便后继在其他上的使用。
本次的封装用了一点面像对像的方法，设计了一个多个Modbus 基类将一些公共方法放在基类中，子类就可以继续使用。不同的子类有不同的功能。可以按需调用。使用简单方便。
调用示例
var _serialPort = new ModbusRTUCoil(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits);
var isOk = false;
var resultModel = _serialPort.ReadDataCoil(1, 1, ModbusFunctionCode.ReadInputCoil, (ushort)type.GetHashCode());
if (resultModel.ResultList != null && resultModel.ResultList.Count > 0)
{isOk = resultModel.ResultList.FirstOrDefault();
}类库项目结构
代码
Modbus结果实体
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace CJH.ModbusTool
{/// <summary>/// Modbus结果实体/// </summary>/// <typeparam name="DateType"></typeparam>public class ModbusResultModel{public ModbusResultModel(){IsSucceed = false;Msg = "失败(默认)";}private bool _isSucceed = false;/// <summary>/// 是否成功/// </summary>public bool IsSucceed{get{return _isSucceed;}set{_isSucceed = value;if (IsSucceed){Msg = "成功";}}}/// <summary>/// 返回消息/// </summary>public string Msg { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 发送报文/// </summary>public string SendDataStr { get; set; }/// <summary>/// 原始数据/// </summary>public byte[] Datas { get; set; }}/// <summary>/// Modbus结果实体/// </summary>/// <typeparam name="DateType"></typeparam>public class ModbusResultModel<DateType> : ModbusResultModel{public ModbusResultModel() : base(){ResultList = new List<DateType>();}/// <summary>/// 解析后的数据/// </summary>public List<DateType> ResultList { get; set; }}
}
Modbus 基类
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace CJH.ModbusTool
{/// <summary>/// Modbus 基类/// </summary>public abstract class ModbusBase{/// <summary>/// 生成读取报文的 公共方法/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="length">寄存器数量</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始寄存器地址</param>/// <returns>返回报文(协议格式：站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量)</returns>protected byte[] GenerateReadCommandBytes(byte devAddr, ushort length, ModbusFunctionCode functionCode = ModbusFunctionCode.ReadRegister, ushort startAddr = 0){//1.拼接报文:var sendCommand = new List<byte>();//协议格式：站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量//站地址sendCommand.Add(devAddr);//功能码sendCommand.Add((byte)functionCode.GetHashCode());//起始寄存器地址sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr % 256));//寄存器数量sendCommand.Add((byte)(length / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(length % 256));//CRC//byte[] crc = Crc16(sendCommand.ToArray(), sendCommand.Count);//sendCommand.AddRange(crc);return sendCommand.ToArray();}/// <summary>/// 生成读取报文的 公共方法/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="data">定入数据</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">写入地址</param>/// <returns>返回报文(协议格式：站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量)</returns>protected byte[] GenerateWriteCommandBytes(byte devAddr, ushort data, ModbusFunctionCode functionCode = ModbusFunctionCode.ReadRegister, ushort startAddr = 0){//1.拼接报文:var sendCommand = new List<byte>();//协议格式：站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量//站地址sendCommand.Add(devAddr);//功能码sendCommand.Add((byte)functionCode.GetHashCode());//写入地址sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr % 256));//写入数据var temp_bytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(data);if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian){//temp_bytes.Reverse();Array.Reverse(temp_bytes);}sendCommand.AddRange(temp_bytes);//CRC//byte[] crc = Crc16(sendCommand.ToArray(), sendCommand.Count);//sendCommand.AddRange(crc);return sendCommand.ToArray();}/// <summary>/// 生成发送命令报文/// </summary>/// <param name="sendCommand"></param>/// <returns></returns>protected string generateSendCommandStr(byte[] sendCommand){var sendCommandStr = string.Empty;foreach (var item in sendCommand){sendCommandStr += Convert.ToString(item, 16) + " ";}return sendCommandStr;}/// <summary>/// 验证CRC/// </summary>/// <param name="value">要验证的数据</param>/// <returns></returns>protected bool CheckCRC(byte[] value){var isOk = false;if (value != null && value.Length >= 2){int length = value.Length;byte[] buf = new byte[length - 2];Array.Copy(value, 0, buf, 0, buf.Length);//自己验证的结果byte[] CRCbuf = Crc16(buf, buf.Length);//把上面验证的结果和串口返回的校验码（最后两个）进行比较if (CRCbuf[0] == value[length - 2] && CRCbuf[1] == value[length - 1]){isOk = true;}}return isOk;}protected byte[] Crc16(byte[] pucFrame, int usLen){int i = 0;byte[] res = new byte[2] { 0xFF, 0xFF };ushort iIndex;while (usLen-- > 0){iIndex = (ushort)(res[0] ^ pucFrame[i++]);res[0] = (byte)(res[1] ^ aucCRCHi[iIndex]);res[1] = aucCRCLo[iIndex];}return res;}protected readonly byte[] aucCRCHi = {0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41, 0x01, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x41,0x00, 0xC1, 0x81, 0x40};protected readonly byte[] aucCRCLo = {0x00, 0xC0, 0xC1, 0x01, 0xC3, 0x03, 0x02, 0xC2, 0xC6, 0x06, 0x07, 0xC7,0x05, 0xC5, 0xC4, 0x04, 0xCC, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0xCD, 0x0F, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0x0E,0x0A, 0xCA, 0xCB, 0x0B, 0xC9, 0x09, 0x08, 0xC8, 0xD8, 0x18, 0x19, 0xD9,0x1B, 0xDB, 0xDA, 0x1A, 0x1E, 0xDE, 0xDF, 0x1F, 0xDD, 0x1D, 0x1C, 0xDC,0x14, 0xD4, 0xD5, 0x15, 0xD7, 0x17, 0x16, 0xD6, 0xD2, 0x12, 0x13, 0xD3,0x11, 0xD1, 0xD0, 0x10, 0xF0, 0x30, 0x31, 0xF1, 0x33, 0xF3, 0xF2, 0x32,0x36, 0xF6, 0xF7, 0x37, 0xF5, 0x35, 0x34, 0xF4, 0x3C, 0xFC, 0xFD, 0x3D,0xFF, 0x3F, 0x3E, 0xFE, 0xFA, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0xFB, 0x39, 0xF9, 0xF8, 0x38,0x28, 0xE8, 0xE9, 0x29, 0xEB, 0x2B, 0x2A, 0xEA, 0xEE, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0xEF,0x2D, 0xED, 0xEC, 0x2C, 0xE4, 0x24, 0x25, 0xE5, 0x27, 0xE7, 0xE6, 0x26,0x22, 0xE2, 0xE3, 0x23, 0xE1, 0x21, 0x20, 0xE0, 0xA0, 0x60, 0x61, 0xA1,0x63, 0xA3, 0xA2, 0x62, 0x66, 0xA6, 0xA7, 0x67, 0xA5, 0x65, 0x64, 0xA4,0x6C, 0xAC, 0xAD, 0x6D, 0xAF, 0x6F, 0x6E, 0xAE, 0xAA, 0x6A, 0x6B, 0xAB,0x69, 0xA9, 0xA8, 0x68, 0x78, 0xB8, 0xB9, 0x79, 0xBB, 0x7B, 0x7A, 0xBA,0xBE, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0xBF, 0x7D, 0xBD, 0xBC, 0x7C, 0xB4, 0x74, 0x75, 0xB5,0x77, 0xB7, 0xB6, 0x76, 0x72, 0xB2, 0xB3, 0x73, 0xB1, 0x71, 0x70, 0xB0,0x50, 0x90, 0x91, 0x51, 0x93, 0x53, 0x52, 0x92, 0x96, 0x56, 0x57, 0x97,0x55, 0x95, 0x94, 0x54, 0x9C, 0x5C, 0x5D, 0x9D, 0x5F, 0x9F, 0x9E, 0x5E,0x5A, 0x9A, 0x9B, 0x5B, 0x99, 0x59, 0x58, 0x98, 0x88, 0x48, 0x49, 0x89,0x4B, 0x8B, 0x8A, 0x4A, 0x4E, 0x8E, 0x8F, 0x4F, 0x8D, 0x4D, 0x4C, 0x8C,0x44, 0x84, 0x85, 0x45, 0x87, 0x47, 0x46, 0x86, 0x82, 0x42, 0x43, 0x83,0x41, 0x81, 0x80, 0x40};/// <summary>/// CRC校验/// </summary>/// <param name="pucFrame">字节数组</param>/// <param name="usLen">验证长度</param>/// <returns>2个字节</returns>protected byte[] CalculateCRC(byte[] pucFrame, int usLen){int i = 0;byte[] res = new byte[2] { 0xFF, 0xFF };ushort iIndex;while (usLen-- > 0){iIndex = (ushort)(res[0] ^ pucFrame[i++]);res[0] = (byte)(res[1] ^ aucCRCHi[iIndex]);res[1] = aucCRCLo[iIndex];}return res;}}/// <summary>/// Modbus 功能码/// </summary>public enum ModbusFunctionCode{/// <summary>/// 读取输出线圈/// </summary>[Description("读取输出线圈")]ReadOutCoil = 1,/// <summary>/// 读取输入线圈/// </summary>[Description("读取输入线圈")]ReadInputCoil = 2,/// <summary>/// 读取保持寄存器/// </summary>[Description("读取保持寄存器")]ReadRegister = 3,/// <summary>/// 读取输入寄存器/// </summary>[Description("读取输入寄存器")]ReadInputRegister = 4,/// <summary>/// (写入)预置单线圈/// </summary>[Description("(写入)预置单线圈")]WriteCoil = 5,/// <summary>/// (写入)预置单个寄存器/// </summary>[Description("(写入)预置单个寄存器")]WriteRegister = 6,/// <summary>/// (写入)预置多寄存器/// </summary>[Description("(写入)预置多寄存器")]WriteRegisterMultiple = 16,}
}
RTU
串口基类 SerialPortBase
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace CJH.ModbusTool.RTU
{//Modbus 规定4个存储区// 区号 名称 读写 范围// 0区 输出线圈 可读可写 00001-09999// 1区 输入线圈 只读 10001-19999// 2区 输入寄存器 只读 30001-39999// 4区 保存寄存器 可读可写 40001-19999//功能码//01H 读取输出线圈//02H 读取输入线圈//03H 读取保持寄存器//04H 读取输入寄存器//05H （写入）预置单线圈//06H （写入）预置寄存器//0FH （写入）预置多线圈//10H （写入）预置多寄存器/// <summary>/// 串口基类/// </summary>public abstract class SerialPortBase : ModbusBase{protected SerialPort SerialPortObj;/// <summary>/// 初始化/// </summary>/// <param name="portName">COM口名称</param>/// <param name="baudRate">波特率</param>/// <param name="parity">检验位</param>/// <param name="dataBits">数据位</param>/// <param name="stopBits">停止位</param>protected void Init(string portName, int baudRate = 9600, Parity parity = Parity.None, int dataBits = 8, StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One){SerialPortObj = new SerialPort(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits);if (SerialPortObj.IsOpen){SerialPortObj.Close();}SerialPortObj.Open();} /// <summary>/// 关闭/// </summary>public void Close(){if (SerialPortObj.IsOpen){SerialPortObj.Close();SerialPortObj.Dispose();SerialPortObj = null;}}}//功能码//01H 读取输出线圈//02H 读取输入线圈//03H 读取保持寄存器//04H 读取输入寄存器//05H (写入)预置单线圈//06H (写入)预置寄存器//0FH (写入)预置多线圈//10H (写入)预置多寄存器}
Modbus 串口通讯
(串口操作的所有功能这个类都能做)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.Design;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace CJH.ModbusTool.RTU
{/// <summary>/// Modbus 串口通讯/// </summary>public class ModbusRTU : SerialPortBase{private string _className = "ModbusRTU";/// <summary>/// Modbus 串口通讯/// </summary>/// <param name="portName">COM口名称</param>/// <param name="baudRate">波特率</param>/// <param name="parity">检验位</param>/// <param name="dataBits">数据位</param>/// <param name="stopBits">停止位</param>public ModbusRTU(string portName, int baudRate = 9600, Parity parity = Parity.None, int dataBits = 8, StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One){Init(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits);//SerialPortObj.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(ComDataReceived);}/// <summary>/// 读取线圈数据 ok/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="length">寄存器数量</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始寄存器地址</param>/// <returns>线圈数据</returns>public ModbusResultModel ReadData(byte devAddr, ushort length, ModbusFunctionCode functionCode = ModbusFunctionCode.ReadRegister, ushort startAddr = 0){return ReadData(devAddr, length, (byte)functionCode, startAddr);}/// <summary>/// 读取数据 ok/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="length">寄存器数量</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始寄存器地址</param>/// <returns>线圈数据</returns>public ModbusResultModel ReadData(byte devAddr, ushort length, byte functionCode = 2, ushort startAddr = 0){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel();//byte[] datas = null;if (functionCode >= 1 && functionCode <= 4){try{//1.拼接报文:var sendCommand = new List<byte>();//协议格式：站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量+CRC//站地址sendCommand.Add(devAddr);//功能码sendCommand.Add(functionCode);//起始寄存器地址sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr % 256));//寄存器数量sendCommand.Add((byte)(length / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(length % 256));//CRCbyte[] crc = Crc16(sendCommand.ToArray(), sendCommand.Count);sendCommand.AddRange(crc);resultModel.SendDataStr = generateSendCommandStr(sendCommand.ToArray());//2.发送报文SerialPortObj.Write(sendCommand.ToArray(), 0, sendCommand.Count);//3.接收报文Thread.Sleep(50);//要延时一下，才能读到数据//读取响应报文byte[] respBytes = new byte[SerialPortObj.BytesToRead];SerialPortObj.Read(respBytes, 0, respBytes.Length);// respBytes -> 01 01 02 00 00 B9 FCresultModel.Datas = respBytes;// 检查一个校验位//if (CheckCRC(respBytes) && (respBytes.Length == 5 + length * 2) // && respBytes[0] == devAdd && respBytes[1] == functionCode && respBytes[1] == length * 2)if (CheckCRC(respBytes) && respBytes[0] == devAddr && respBytes[1] == functionCode){//datas = respBytes;resultModel.IsSucceed = true;}else{resultModel.Msg = "响应报文校验失败";}}catch (Exception ex){resultModel.Msg = "异常:" + ex.Message;}}else{//throw new Exception("功能码不正确[1-4]");resultModel.Msg = "功能码不正确[1-4]";}//SerialPortObj.Close();return resultModel;}/// <summary>/// 写入单个寄存器 ok/// 数据示例: 200/// 功能码 6/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="value">写入的数据</param>/// <param name="startAddr">写入地址</param>/// <returns>是否成功</returns>public ModbusResultModel WriteDataShort(int devAddr, short value, short startAddr = 0){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel();try{//bool isOk = false;//1.拼接报文://var sendCommand = GetSingleDataWriteMessage(devAdd, startAddr, value); //okvar sendCommand = GetSingleDataWriteMessageList(devAddr, startAddr, value); //ok//var sendCommandStr = string.Join(' ', sendCommand.ToArray());resultModel.SendDataStr = generateSendCommandStr(sendCommand);//2.发送报文SerialPortObj.Write(sendCommand.ToArray(), 0, sendCommand.Length);//3.接收报文Thread.Sleep(50);//要延时一下，才能读到数据//读取响应报文byte[] respBytes = new byte[SerialPortObj.BytesToRead];SerialPortObj.Read(respBytes, 0, respBytes.Length);// respBytes -> 01 01 02 00 00 B9 FC// 检查一个校验位if (CheckCRC(respBytes) && respBytes[0] == devAddr && respBytes[1] == 0x06){//isOk = true;resultModel.IsSucceed = true;}else{resultModel.Msg = "响应报文校验失败";}}catch (Exception ex){resultModel.Msg = "异常:" + ex.Message;}//SerialPortObj.Close();return resultModel;}/// <summary>/// 写入单个寄存器 ok/// 数据示例: 200/// 功能码 6/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">站地址</param>/// <param name="dataList">写入的数据集合</param>/// <param name="startAddr">写入地址</param>/// <returns>是否成功</returns>public ModbusResultModel WriteDataShort(int devAddr, List<short> dataList, short startAddr = 0){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel();if (dataList != null && dataList.Count > 0){foreach (var item in dataList){resultModel = WriteDataShort(devAddr, item, startAddr);startAddr++;}}return resultModel;}/// <summary>/// 获取写入单个寄存器的报文/// </summary>/// <param name="slaveStation">从站地址</param>/// <param name="startAddr">寄存器地址</param>/// <param name="value">写入值</param>/// <returns>写入单个寄存器的报文</returns>private byte[] GetSingleDataWriteMessage(int slaveStation, short startAddr, short value){//从站地址byte station = (byte)slaveStation;//功能码byte type = 0x06;//06H （写入）预置寄存器//寄存器地址byte[] start = BitConverter.GetBytes(startAddr);//值byte[] valueBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(value);//根据计算机大小端存储方式进行高低字节转换if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian){Array.Reverse(start);Array.Reverse(valueBytes);}//拼接报文byte[] result = new byte[] { station, type };result = result.Concat(start.Concat(valueBytes).ToArray()).ToArray();//计算校验码并拼接，返回最后的报文结果return result.Concat(Crc16(result, result.Length)).ToArray();}/// <summary>/// 获取写入单个寄存器的报文/// </summary>/// <param name="slaveStation">从站地址</param>/// <param name="startAddr">寄存器地址</param>/// <param name="data">写入值</param>/// <returns>写入单个寄存器的报文</returns>private byte[] GetSingleDataWriteMessageList(int slaveStation, short startAddr, short data){//1.拼接报文:var sendCommand = new List<byte>();//从站地址byte station = (byte)slaveStation;//功能码byte type = 0x06;//06H （写入）预置寄存器 //寄存器地址byte[] start = BitConverter.GetBytes(startAddr);//值byte[] valueBytes = BitConverter.GetBytes(data);//根据计算机大小端存储方式进行高低字节转换if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian){Array.Reverse(start);Array.Reverse(valueBytes);}sendCommand.Add((byte)slaveStation);sendCommand.Add(type);sendCommand.AddRange(start);sendCommand.AddRange(valueBytes);byte[] crc = Crc16(sendCommand.ToArray(), sendCommand.Count);sendCommand.AddRange(crc);return sendCommand.ToArray();}/// <summary>/// 写入多个寄存器 ok/// 数据示例: 123.45f, 14.3f/// 功能码 10 /// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="data">写入的数据</param>/// <param name="startAddr">写入地址</param>/// <returns>是否成功</returns>public ModbusResultModel WriteDataFloat(byte devAddr, float data, ushort startAddr = 0){return WriteDataFloat(devAddr, new List<float>() { data }, startAddr);}/// <summary>/// 写入多个寄存器 ok/// 数据示例: 123.45f, 14.3f/// 功能码 10 /// </summary>/// <param name="devAdd">从站地址</param>/// <param name="dataList">写入的数据</param>/// <param name="startAddr">写入地址</param>/// <returns>是否成功</returns>public ModbusResultModel WriteDataFloat(byte devAddr, List<float> dataList, ushort startAddr = 0){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel();if (dataList != null && dataList.Count > 0){try{byte functionCode = (byte)ModbusFunctionCode.WriteRegisterMultiple.GetHashCode();int length = dataList.Count * 2;//1.拼接报文:var sendCommand = new List<byte>();//协议格式：站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量+CRC//站地址sendCommand.Add(devAddr);//功能码sendCommand.Add(functionCode);//写入地址sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr % 256));//寄存器数量sendCommand.Add((byte)(length / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(length % 256));// 获取数值的byte[]List<byte> valueBytes = new List<byte>();foreach (var data in dataList){List<byte> temp = new List<byte>(BitConverter.GetBytes(data));temp.Reverse();// 调整字节序valueBytes.AddRange(temp);}// 字节数sendCommand.Add((byte)valueBytes.Count);sendCommand.AddRange(valueBytes);//CRCbyte[] crc = Crc16(sendCommand.ToArray(), sendCommand.Count);sendCommand.AddRange(crc);//000004 - Rx:01 10 00 02 00 04 08 42 F6 E6 66 41 64 CC CD 83 23//000005 - Tx:01 10 00 02 00 04 60 0A//000006 - Rx:01 0A 00 02 00 04 08 42 F6 E6 66 41 64 CC CD 98 F9//000007 - Tx:01 8A 01 86 A0 //报错了//2.发送报文SerialPortObj.Write(sendCommand.ToArray(), 0, sendCommand.Count);//3.接收报文Thread.Sleep(50);//要延时一下，才能读到数据//读取响应报文byte[] respBytes = new byte[SerialPortObj.BytesToRead];SerialPortObj.Read(respBytes, 0, respBytes.Length);// respBytes -> 01 01 02 00 00 B9 FC// 检查一个校验位if (CheckCRC(respBytes) && respBytes[0] == devAddr && respBytes[1] == functionCode){resultModel.IsSucceed = true;}else{resultModel.Msg = "响应报文校验失败";}}catch (Exception ex){resultModel.Msg = "异常:" + ex.Message;}//SerialPortObj.Close();}else{resultModel.Msg = "dataLis参数不能为NULL 且 Count 要大于0";}return resultModel;}/// <summary>/// 写单个线圈输出 ok/// </summary>/// <param name="on">开关</param>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="startAddr">写入地址</param>/// <returns></returns>public ModbusResultModel WriteSingleOutOnOff(bool on, byte devAddr = 1, ushort startAddr = 0){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel();try{//var isOk = false;//1.拼接报文:var sendCommand = new List<byte>();//协议格式：站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量+CRC//站地址sendCommand.Add(devAddr);//功能码byte functionCode = 0x05;sendCommand.Add(functionCode);//写入地址sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr % 256));//写入数据sendCommand.Add((byte)(on ? 0xFF : 0x00));//true : 0xFF 开，false : 0x00 关sendCommand.Add(0x00);//CRCbyte[] crc = Crc16(sendCommand.ToArray(), sendCommand.Count);sendCommand.AddRange(crc);//2.发送报文SerialPortObj.Write(sendCommand.ToArray(), 0, sendCommand.Count);//isOk = true;resultModel.IsSucceed = true;}catch (Exception ex){resultModel.Msg = "异常:" + ex.Message;}return resultModel;}}
}
Modbus 串口通讯 读线圈状态
（这个类是针对线圈的 突出读取数据）
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace CJH.ModbusTool.RTU
{/// <summary>/// Modbus 串口通讯 读线圈状态/// </summary>public class ModbusRTUCoil : ModbusRTU{//ModbusRTU rtu = new ModbusRTU(portName);//var resultModel = rtu.ReadData(1, readLen, ModbusFunctionCode.ReadOutCoil);/// <summary>/// Modbus 串口通讯/// </summary>/// <param name="portName">COM口名称</param>/// <param name="baudRate">波特率</param>/// <param name="parity">检验位</param>/// <param name="dataBits">数据位</param>/// <param name="stopBits">停止位</param>public ModbusRTUCoil(string portName, int baudRate = 9600, Parity parity = Parity.None, int dataBits = 8, StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One): base(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits){//Init(portName, baudRate, parity, dataBits, stopBits);//SerialPortObj.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(ComDataReceived);}/// <summary>/// 读取线圈数据 ok/// </summary>/// <param name="devAdd">从站地址</param>/// <param name="length">寄存器数量</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始寄存器地址</param>/// <returns>线圈数据</returns>public ModbusResultModel<bool> ReadDataCoil(byte devAdd, ushort length, ModbusFunctionCode functionCode = ModbusFunctionCode.ReadRegister, ushort startAddr = 0){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel<bool>();var model = ReadData(devAdd, length, (byte)functionCode, startAddr);if (model != null && model.Datas != null && model.Datas.Length > 5){resultModel.IsSucceed = model.IsSucceed;//报文解析// 检查一个校验位List<byte> respList = new List<byte>(model.Datas);respList.RemoveRange(0, 3);respList.RemoveRange(respList.Count - 2, 2);// 00 00//集合反转respList.Reverse();//转换成2进制var respStrList = respList.Select(r => Convert.ToString(r, 2)).ToList();var values = string.Join("", respStrList).ToList();values.Reverse();//values.ForEach(c => Console.WriteLine(Convert.ToBoolean(int.Parse(c.ToString()))));foreach (var v in values){resultModel.ResultList.Add(v.ToString() == "1");}}return resultModel;}}
}
TCP
ModbusTCP 基类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace CJH.ModbusTool.TCP
{/// <summary>/// ModbusTCP 基类/// </summary>public abstract class ModbusTCPBase : ModbusBase{private Socket _socket = null;ushort _tid = 0;//TransactionId 最大 65535/// <summary>/// 异常码 字典/// </summary>protected Dictionary<int, string> Errors = new Dictionary<int, string>() {{ 0x01 , "非法功能码"},{ 0x02 , "非法数据地址"},{ 0x03 , "非法数据值"},{ 0x04 , "从站设备故障"},{ 0x05 , "确认，从站需要一个耗时操作"},{ 0x06 , "从站忙"},{ 0x08 , "存储奇偶性差错"},{ 0x0A , "不可用网关路径"},{ 0x0B , "网关目标设备响应失败"},};/// <summary>/// Modbus TCP 通讯 初始化/// </summary>/// <param name="host">主机地址</param>/// <param name="port">端口</param>protected void Init(string host, int port){_socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);_socket.Connect(host, port);}/// <summary>/// 读取报文的 公共方法/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="length">寄存器数量</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始寄存器地址</param>/// <returns>返回报文(协议格式：TransactionId+协议标识+后续字节数+站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量)</returns>protected byte[] GenerateTcpCommandReadBytes(byte devAddr, ushort length, ModbusFunctionCode functionCode = ModbusFunctionCode.ReadRegister, ushort startAddr = 0){var baseCommand = GenerateReadCommandBytes(devAddr, length, functionCode, startAddr);var sendCommand = new List<byte>();//TransactionIdsendCommand.Add((byte)(_tid / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(_tid % 256));//Modbus 协议标识sendCommand.Add(0x00);sendCommand.Add(0x00);//后续字节数sendCommand.Add((byte)(baseCommand.Length / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(baseCommand.Length % 256));_tid++;_tid %= 65535;sendCommand.AddRange(baseCommand);return sendCommand.ToArray();}/// <summary>/// 读取报文的 公共方法/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="data">输入数据</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始寄存器地址</param>/// <returns>返回报文(协议格式：TransactionId+协议标识+后续字节数+站地址+功能码+起始寄存器地址+寄存器数量)</returns>protected byte[] GenerateTcpCommandWriteBytes(byte devAddr, ushort data, ModbusFunctionCode functionCode = ModbusFunctionCode.WriteRegister, ushort startAddr = 0){var baseCommand = GenerateWriteCommandBytes(devAddr, data, functionCode, startAddr);var sendCommand = new List<byte>();//TransactionIdsendCommand.Add((byte)(_tid / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(_tid % 256));//Modbus 协议标识sendCommand.Add(0x00);sendCommand.Add(0x00);//后续字节数sendCommand.Add((byte)(baseCommand.Length / 256));sendCommand.Add((byte)(baseCommand.Length % 256));_tid++;_tid %= 65535;sendCommand.AddRange(baseCommand);return sendCommand.ToArray();}protected ModbusResultModel SendCommand(byte[] sendCommand){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel();try{//报文//TransactionId Modbus 协议标识 后续字节数 从站地址 功能码 起始寄存器地址 寄存器数量 CRC//0x00 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x06 devAddr functionCode 0x00 0x0A resultModel.SendDataStr = generateSendCommandStr(sendCommand.ToArray());_socket.Send(sendCommand.ToArray());//000002-Rx:00 00 00 00 00 06 01 03 00 01 00 05//000003-Tx:00 00 00 00 00 0D 01 03 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00// 00 00 00 00 00 0D 前6位// 01 03 0A (0,1,2)// 0A 数据长度 （0A=10）//先取前6位，固定返回var resp_bytes = new byte[6];// 00 00 00 00 00 0D 前6位_socket.Receive(resp_bytes, 0, resp_bytes.Length, SocketFlags.None);//取出下标为 ：4和5的数据[00 0D]var len_bytes = resp_bytes.ToList().GetRange(4, 2);//起始寄存器地址 的反向操作//将下标为4和5 两个字节转成10进制数int len = len_bytes[0] * 256 + len_bytes[1];//获取数据的长度//01 03 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [正常]//01 83 02 [异常，83， 异常代码 ：02]resp_bytes = new byte[len];_socket.Receive(resp_bytes, 0, len, SocketFlags.None);//检查响应报文是否正常//0x83 1000 0011//01 83 02 [异常，83， 异常代码 ：02]if (resp_bytes[1] > 0x08)//判断是否异常{//resp_bytes[2] = 异常代码 ：02//说明响应是异常报文//返回异常信息，根据resp_bytes字节进行异常关联if (Errors.ContainsKey(resp_bytes[2])){resultModel.Msg = Errors[resp_bytes[2]];//获取异常码对应的异常说明}}else{//resp_bytes[2] = 0A 数据长度 （0A=10）//正常resultModel.Datas = resp_bytes.ToList().GetRange(3, resp_bytes[2]).ToArray();resultModel.IsSucceed = true;}}catch (Exception ex){resultModel.Msg = ex.Message;}return resultModel;}/// <summary>/// 解析数据/// </summary>/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>/// <param name="datas"></param>/// <returns></returns>public List<T> AnalysisDatas<T>(byte[] datas){//data_bytes 每两个字节转成一个数字， float 4个字节转成一个数字，double 8个字节转成一个数字//2 ushort short int16 uint32 float//4 int uint int32 uint32 float//8 double//16 decimalvar resultValue = new List<T>();try{var type_len = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(T));for (int i = 0; i < datas.Length; i += type_len){var temp_bytes = datas.ToList().GetRange(i, type_len);if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian){temp_bytes.Reverse();}//反射 方法Type bitConverter_type = typeof(BitConverter);var typeMethodList = bitConverter_type.GetMethods().ToList();//找到返回类型和传入的类型一至，且方法的参数是2个的方法var method = typeMethodList.FirstOrDefault(mi => mi.ReturnType == typeof(T)&& mi.GetParameters().Length == 2);if (method == null){throw new Exception("数据转换类型出错!");}else{//由 bitConverter_type 执行找到的 method方法，注意参数数量，上面找是的两个参数的方法var value = method.Invoke(bitConverter_type, new object[] { temp_bytes.ToArray(), 0 });resultValue.Add((T)value);}}}catch (Exception ex){}return resultValue;}}
}
Modbus TCP 通讯
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net.Sockets;namespace CJH.ModbusTool.TCP
{/// <summary>/// Modbus TCP 通讯/// </summary>public class ModbusTCP : ModbusTCPBase{/// <summary>/// Modbus TCP 通讯/// </summary>/// <param name="host">主机地址</param>/// <param name="port">端口</param>public ModbusTCP(string host, int port){//_socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);//_socket.Connect(host, port);Init(host, port);}/// <summary>/// 读取保持型寄存器 03/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="count">数量</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始地址</param>//public ModbusResultModel ReadHoldingRegister(byte devAddr, ushort length, byte functionCode = 3, ushort startAddr = 0)//{// var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel();// //报文// //TransactionId Modbus 协议标识 后续字节数 从站地址 功能码 起始寄存器地址 寄存器数量 CRC// //0x00 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x06 devAddr functionCode 0x00 0x0A // try// {// ushort tid = 0;//TransactionId 最大 65535// var sendCommand = new List<byte>();// //TransactionId// sendCommand.Add((byte)(tid / 256));// sendCommand.Add((byte)(tid % 256));// //Modbus 协议标识// sendCommand.Add(0x00);// sendCommand.Add(0x00);// //后续字节数// sendCommand.Add(0x00);// sendCommand.Add(0x06);// //从站地址// sendCommand.Add(devAddr);// //功能码// sendCommand.Add(functionCode);// //起始寄存器地址// sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr / 256));// sendCommand.Add((byte)(startAddr % 256));// //寄存器数量// sendCommand.Add((byte)(length / 256));// sendCommand.Add((byte)(length % 256));// //CRC// //byte[] crc = Crc16(sendCommand.ToArray(), sendCommand.Count);// //sendCommand.AddRange(crc);// tid++;// tid %= 65535;// resultModel.SendDataStr = generateSendCommandStr(sendCommand.ToArray());// _socket.Send(sendCommand.ToArray());// //000002-Rx:00 00 00 00 00 06 01 03 00 01 00 05// //000003-Tx:00 00 00 00 00 0D 01 03 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00// // 00 00 00 00 00 0D 前6位// // 01 03 0A (0,1,2)// // 0A 数据长度 （0A=10）// //先取前6位，固定返回// var resp_bytes = new byte[6];// 00 00 00 00 00 0D 前6位// _socket.Receive(resp_bytes, 0, resp_bytes.Length, SocketFlags.None);// //取出下标为 ：4和5的数据[00 0D]// var len_bytes = resp_bytes.ToList().GetRange(4, 2);// //起始寄存器地址 的反向操作// //将下标为4和5 两个字节转成10进制数// int len = resp_bytes[4] * 256 + resp_bytes[5];// //获取数据的长度// //01 03 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 [正常]// //01 83 02 [异常，83， 异常代码 ：02]// resp_bytes = new byte[len];// _socket.Receive(resp_bytes, 0, len, SocketFlags.None);// //检查响应报文是否正常// //0x83 1000 0011// //01 83 02 [异常，83， 异常代码 ：02]// if (resp_bytes[1] > 0x08)//判断是否异常// {// //resp_bytes[2] = 异常代码 ：02// //说明响应是异常报文// //返回异常信息，根据resp_bytes字节进行异常关联// if (Errors.ContainsKey(resp_bytes[2]))// {// resultModel.Msg = Errors[resp_bytes[2]];//获取异常码对应的异常说明// }// }// else// {// //resp_bytes[2] = 0A 数据长度 （0A=10）// //正常// resultModel.Datas = resp_bytes.ToList().GetRange(3, resp_bytes[2]).ToArray();// resultModel.IsSucceed = true;// }// }// catch (Exception ex)// {// resultModel.Msg = ex.Message;// }// return resultModel;//}/// <summary>/// 读取保持型寄存器 03/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="length">数量</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始地址</param>/// <returns>返回对象</returns>public ModbusResultModel<T> ReadHoldingRegister<T>(byte devAddr, ushort length, ModbusFunctionCode functionCode = ModbusFunctionCode.ReadRegister, ushort startAddr = 0){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel<T>();try{var command = GenerateTcpCommandReadBytes(devAddr, length, functionCode, startAddr);resultModel.SendDataStr = generateSendCommandStr(command.ToArray());var receptionModel = SendCommand(command.ToArray());if (receptionModel.IsSucceed&& receptionModel.Datas != null && receptionModel.Datas.Length > 0){resultModel.Datas = receptionModel.Datas;resultModel.ResultList = AnalysisDatas<T>(receptionModel.Datas);resultModel.IsSucceed = true;}}catch (Exception ex){resultModel.Msg = ex.Message;}return resultModel;}/// <summary>/// 写入保持型寄存器 03/// </summary>/// <param name="devAddr">从站地址</param>/// <param name="datas">写入数据</param>/// <param name="functionCode">功能码</param>/// <param name="startAddr">起始地址</param>/// <returns>返回对象</returns>public ModbusResultModel WriteHoldingRegister(byte devAddr, ushort data, ModbusFunctionCode functionCode = ModbusFunctionCode.WriteRegister, ushort startAddr = 0){var resultModel = new ModbusResultModel();try{var command = GenerateTcpCommandWriteBytes(devAddr, data, functionCode, startAddr);resultModel.SendDataStr = generateSendCommandStr(command.ToArray());var receptionModel = SendCommand(command.ToArray());if (receptionModel.IsSucceed){resultModel.IsSucceed = true;}}catch (Exception ex){resultModel.Msg = ex.Message;}return resultModel;}}
}
这就是全部的代码。如有使用的问题可以给我发评论。
