0
00:00:01,190 --> 00:00:02,840
下面的内容

1
00:00:04,850 --> 00:00:06,520
接下来呢就是

2
00:00:08,180 --> 00:00:09,830
16.6.1

3
00:00:11,070 --> 00:00:13,440
项流热平衡分析

4
00:00:15,350 --> 00:00:16,730
这一节

5
00:00:18,860 --> 00:00:20,380
那这里面呢

6
00:00:20,660 --> 00:00:22,620
给出了一个参数图

7
00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:23,984

8
00:00:23,984 --> 00:00:26,450
参数图就是par这个

9
00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:28,240
参数

10
00:00:29,490 --> 00:00:32,120
你看参数图的内容

11
00:00:32,440 --> 00:00:33,990
首先这个block

12
00:00:37,170 --> 00:00:41,670
说明它是针对这个block来画的一个参数图

13
00:00:45,790 --> 00:00:49,480
当然，你也可以在包下面画参数图

14
00:00:50,280 --> 00:00:54,180
那这里是block，显然是要在block下面来画

15
00:00:55,030 --> 00:00:58,602
然后你看这个就是block的名字了

16
00:00:58,602 --> 00:01:00,270
初始蒸馏器分析

17
00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:03,435
那这个block是没有的，对不对

18
00:01:03,435 --> 00:01:05,990
之前我们没有这个block

19
00:01:06,340 --> 00:01:07,410
那显然

20
00:01:08,210 --> 00:01:09,560
要加上去

21
00:01:09,990 --> 00:01:11,160
这样一个block

22
00:01:12,730 --> 00:01:15,974
所以呢，这个图它给出来比较突兀

23
00:01:15,974 --> 00:01:16,670
就是说

24
00:01:16,970 --> 00:01:18,190
很多

25
00:01:18,920 --> 00:01:21,500
中间的东西它就没有给出来

26
00:01:21,500 --> 00:01:24,510
它直接乓就给出这样一张图

27
00:01:24,840 --> 00:01:27,290
但这张图的话，你要画出来

28
00:01:28,370 --> 00:01:31,210
需要很多很多的准备的工作

29
00:01:35,310 --> 00:01:36,360
然后呢

30
00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:38,550
框框里就是

31
00:01:39,710 --> 00:01:41,550
这个图的名字了

32
00:01:41,840 --> 00:01:43,440
恒压热平衡

33
00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:45,040
这个地方

34
00:01:49,150 --> 00:01:51,988
然后，我们来看，参数图是干嘛的

35
00:01:51,988 --> 00:01:53,610
参数图主要是定义

36
00:01:54,790 --> 00:01:59,220
属性值之间的数学关系

37
00:02:03,760 --> 00:02:04,780
因为

38
00:02:05,310 --> 00:02:08,500
属性值之间它会有一些约束嘛

39
00:02:12,050 --> 00:02:13,758
只有满足这个约束

40
00:02:13,758 --> 00:02:18,030
或者不违反这个约束的属性值才可以存在

41
00:02:24,610 --> 00:02:26,006
我们随便举个例子

42
00:02:26,006 --> 00:02:26,530
比如说

43
00:02:27,410 --> 00:02:28,655
人有身高

44
00:02:28,655 --> 00:02:29,590
有体重

45
00:02:29,870 --> 00:02:31,930
有年龄

46
00:02:32,820 --> 00:02:34,747
那现在我们假设

47
00:02:34,747 --> 00:02:37,156
我们说一个举例

48
00:02:37,156 --> 00:02:38,842
不一定合理

49
00:02:38,842 --> 00:02:41,010
我们举个例子

50
00:02:41,010 --> 00:02:43,420
假设有公司招人

51
00:02:43,700 --> 00:02:45,180
但是我要招什么

52
00:02:45,590 --> 00:02:51,970
以厘米为单位的身高，减去以千克为体重的单位

53
00:02:54,330 --> 00:02:57,250
不得少于他的年龄

54
00:02:57,940 --> 00:02:58,640

55
00:02:59,170 --> 00:03:01,803
显然这里面有个约束

56
00:03:01,803 --> 00:03:03,240
身高、体重、年龄

57
00:03:03,780 --> 00:03:05,550
之间有个什么

58
00:03:05,830 --> 00:03:07,320
有一个不等式，是吧

59
00:03:07,600 --> 00:03:09,280
a-b>c

60
00:03:10,580 --> 00:03:12,350
那这个就是一个约束

61
00:03:14,730 --> 00:03:16,230
那这个约束

62
00:03:17,500 --> 00:03:18,860
可以画在哪里

63
00:03:19,550 --> 00:03:19,773

64
00:03:19,773 --> 00:03:22,233
当然可以画在这个block上面

65
00:03:22,233 --> 00:03:22,680
对吧

66
00:03:22,680 --> 00:03:24,470
如果你是一个block的

67
00:03:25,190 --> 00:03:27,640
里面的各个部件

68
00:03:28,140 --> 00:03:30,060
各个属性的

69
00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:31,763
约束

70
00:03:31,763 --> 00:03:33,130
那可以在

71
00:03:33,650 --> 00:03:36,990
在这个block的约束那个地方

72
00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:39,180
加上这个约束

73
00:03:39,470 --> 00:03:41,866
把那个式子写a+b<c

74
00:03:41,866 --> 00:03:44,077
a-b>c，类似这样的

75
00:03:44,077 --> 00:03:45,552
当然也可以是等式

76
00:03:45,552 --> 00:03:47,764
a2+b2=c2

77
00:03:47,764 --> 00:03:48,870
也可以的

78
00:03:51,450 --> 00:03:53,620
直接在约束里面写可以

79
00:03:55,740 --> 00:03:56,910
但是的话

80
00:03:58,290 --> 00:03:59,330
往往

81
00:03:59,990 --> 00:04:02,340
我们是用什么，用约束块

82
00:04:04,500 --> 00:04:05,820
这样一个block

83
00:04:06,240 --> 00:04:07,680
它也是一个block

84
00:04:07,680 --> 00:04:09,840
但是它是一个约束block

85
00:04:11,730 --> 00:04:13,020
也就是说把

86
00:04:13,300 --> 00:04:16,090
block的约束这部分的内容

87
00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:18,390
把它单独分离出来

88
00:04:19,690 --> 00:04:22,450
放到外面变成了一个约束块

89
00:04:27,260 --> 00:04:28,023
然后呢

90
00:04:28,023 --> 00:04:29,550
再跟原来的block

91
00:04:29,830 --> 00:04:31,750
用类似组合关系

92
00:04:32,490 --> 00:04:32,716

93
00:04:32,716 --> 00:04:34,530
组合关联这样把它

94
00:04:35,190 --> 00:04:36,420
画过来

95
00:04:38,540 --> 00:04:40,880
那把这个分离出来之后

96
00:04:42,510 --> 00:04:44,010
我们就可以

97
00:04:46,020 --> 00:04:47,080
复用

98
00:04:48,570 --> 00:04:50,000
这个式子了

99
00:04:50,280 --> 00:04:50,984
对不对

100
00:04:50,984 --> 00:04:53,800
如果说这个式子

101
00:04:54,500 --> 00:04:56,920
这个关系或这个约束

102
00:04:57,570 --> 00:04:59,540
可以适用于多个地方

103
00:05:01,060 --> 00:05:03,320
比如说，你看这里

104
00:05:04,150 --> 00:05:06,975
这有个相变热传输方程

105
00:05:06,975 --> 00:05:07,540
对吧

106
00:05:07,540 --> 00:05:10,930
这是同一个方程

107
00:05:15,460 --> 00:05:17,080
是同一个约束

108
00:05:17,500 --> 00:05:21,420
但是呢，这个约束它既适用于冷凝的过程

109
00:05:22,520 --> 00:05:24,459
也适用于煮沸的过程

110
00:05:24,459 --> 00:05:26,613
都是相变嘛

111
00:05:26,613 --> 00:05:27,260
对不对

112
00:05:27,910 --> 00:05:30,950
所以它里面的热传输方程是一样的

113
00:05:34,150 --> 00:05:36,533
那我们就定义一个约束就行了

114
00:05:36,533 --> 00:05:37,083
然后呢

115
00:05:37,083 --> 00:05:38,916
在参数图上把它拖上来

116
00:05:38,916 --> 00:05:41,483
变成两个约束的实例

117
00:05:41,483 --> 00:05:42,950
你看它前面有冒号

118
00:05:42,950 --> 00:05:44,050
冒号前面有

119
00:05:44,050 --> 00:05:45,150
这是煮沸

120
00:05:45,900 --> 00:05:47,080
这是冷凝

121
00:05:48,510 --> 00:05:48,785

122
00:05:48,785 --> 00:05:50,987
一个是可以复用它

123
00:05:50,987 --> 00:05:53,740
第二个就是，分离出来就

124
00:05:54,280 --> 00:05:57,630
我们这里有更大的空间来描述

125
00:05:58,280 --> 00:06:02,980
一些细节来表达更复杂的一些

126
00:06:03,520 --> 00:06:05,440
方程式的细节

127
00:06:06,690 --> 00:06:09,962
所以这里面就有一个这样的知识点

128
00:06:09,962 --> 00:06:11,190
就是说约束块

129
00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:14,320
然后，定义好约束块之后

130
00:06:15,340 --> 00:06:17,040
我们就可以把

131
00:06:17,570 --> 00:06:20,993
各种各样的block上面的属性值

132
00:06:20,993 --> 00:06:22,420
把它绑定到

133
00:06:23,170 --> 00:06:25,425
这个约束或者参数这里来

134
00:06:25,425 --> 00:06:25,835
你看

135
00:06:25,835 --> 00:06:28,295
所以这个线是绑定的关系

136
00:06:28,295 --> 00:06:30,140
有一个绑定的关系

137
00:06:30,540 --> 00:06:31,890
绑定到这里来

138
00:06:34,050 --> 00:06:34,290

139
00:06:34,290 --> 00:06:35,730
一个个这样绑定

140
00:06:40,770 --> 00:06:44,250
所以呢，它们之间是多对一的

141
00:06:47,310 --> 00:06:50,080
同样的一个

142
00:06:50,460 --> 00:06:51,610
方程式

143
00:06:51,890 --> 00:06:54,160
它可以和很多很多的

144
00:06:54,500 --> 00:06:55,631
block绑定

145
00:06:55,631 --> 00:06:56,310
对不对

146
00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:01,650
因为很可能有很多很多种东西符合，这个方程式本身代表一个什么

147
00:07:02,530 --> 00:07:03,923
本质的规律

148
00:07:03,923 --> 00:07:04,620
对不对

149
00:07:05,150 --> 00:07:07,031
相变热传输方程

150
00:07:07,031 --> 00:07:08,677
这是本质规律

151
00:07:08,677 --> 00:07:10,794
你是炼钢、炼铁、炼什么

152
00:07:10,794 --> 00:07:13,381
还是那个蒸馏水

153
00:07:13,381 --> 00:07:16,909
不都是一样的道理嘛

154
00:07:16,909 --> 00:07:17,380

155
00:07:17,830 --> 00:07:20,030
遵循基本的规律嘛

156
00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:21,950
所以呢

157
00:07:22,990 --> 00:07:25,045
可以有很多很多个

158
00:07:25,045 --> 00:07:27,100
只要你满足这个

159
00:07:27,380 --> 00:07:28,735
符合这个规律的

160
00:07:28,735 --> 00:07:32,610
你就可以把你的相关属性值绑定到这里来

161
00:07:32,930 --> 00:07:36,430
你看，它这里绑定的就是我们前面蒸馏水这个

162
00:07:36,720 --> 00:07:38,438
这是初始蒸馏器

163
00:07:38,438 --> 00:07:38,930
这个

164
00:07:40,810 --> 00:07:43,085
这个实例的main1

165
00:07:43,085 --> 00:07:44,451
这是一个流嘛

166
00:07:44,451 --> 00:07:44,906
对吧

167
00:07:44,906 --> 00:07:47,410
然后这里有一个质量流率

168
00:07:47,760 --> 00:07:47,982

169
00:07:47,982 --> 00:07:49,985
单位，单位，这样

170
00:07:49,985 --> 00:07:52,210
然后绑定到这个地方来

171
00:07:54,980 --> 00:07:55,647
这样

172
00:07:55,647 --> 00:07:57,650
然后这个绑定到这里

173
00:07:59,370 --> 00:08:00,720
那这里的话

174
00:08:01,610 --> 00:08:04,410
刚才讲了有很多准备工作要做了

175
00:08:04,410 --> 00:08:05,410
你看这里

176
00:08:06,380 --> 00:08:08,190
首先你这个单位

177
00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:11,664
你得建立起来吧

178
00:08:11,664 --> 00:08:12,220
对吧

179
00:08:13,410 --> 00:08:15,230
像你看这个是

180
00:08:15,510 --> 00:08:20,240
质量流率，克每秒，水温是摄氏度

181
00:08:21,570 --> 00:08:23,608
然后这里有一个比热

182
00:08:23,608 --> 00:08:24,220
比热

183
00:08:25,650 --> 00:08:27,170
比热是卡

184
00:08:27,450 --> 00:08:28,620
然后克

185
00:08:30,180 --> 00:08:32,148
每摄氏度

186
00:08:32,148 --> 00:08:33,330
相当于

187
00:08:34,870 --> 00:08:42,270
每克，单位质量，单位温度变化，需要的热量，比热

188
00:08:43,840 --> 00:08:44,620
这个

189
00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:46,684
你看这里

190
00:08:46,684 --> 00:08:49,850
这里是main1

191
00:08:50,130 --> 00:08:52,199
·这个，说明main1是什么

192
00:08:52,199 --> 00:08:53,027
它是水

193
00:08:53,027 --> 00:08:53,441
对吧

194
00:08:53,441 --> 00:08:54,890
所以这个是水的

195
00:08:56,620 --> 00:08:58,289
这个也是水的

196
00:08:58,289 --> 00:08:59,680
你看这个

197
00:09:01,090 --> 00:09:03,363
比热这个，你看，它是到这里

198
00:09:03,363 --> 00:09:04,311
绑定到这里

199
00:09:04,311 --> 00:09:04,690
你看

200
00:09:05,150 --> 00:09:06,569
水的比热，对吧

201
00:09:06,569 --> 00:09:07,988
你看它是main4

202
00:09:07,988 --> 00:09:08,934
这里，是吧

203
00:09:08,934 --> 00:09:09,880
水的比热

204
00:09:10,510 --> 00:09:12,020
这也是水的

205
00:09:15,310 --> 00:09:15,622

206
00:09:15,622 --> 00:09:16,560
这里

207
00:09:16,970 --> 00:09:17,940
水的

208
00:09:18,220 --> 00:09:19,090
水的

209
00:09:20,060 --> 00:09:21,344
还有什么

210
00:09:21,344 --> 00:09:23,270
还有这个

211
00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:28,773
质量流率，还有水温

212
00:09:28,773 --> 00:09:30,930
水温和这个温度

213
00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:34,595
这个绑定，对不对

214
00:09:34,595 --> 00:09:36,100
水温，温度，绑定

215
00:09:36,380 --> 00:09:37,374
这也是水的

216
00:09:37,374 --> 00:09:38,965
你看main1这里

217
00:09:38,965 --> 00:09:39,363
对吧

218
00:09:39,363 --> 00:09:39,960

219
00:09:40,780 --> 00:09:42,555
还有一个是什么

220
00:09:42,555 --> 00:09:43,570
这个潜热

221
00:09:46,020 --> 00:09:47,317
潜热什么意思

222
00:09:47,317 --> 00:09:47,750
就是

223
00:09:48,450 --> 00:09:49,400

224
00:09:49,890 --> 00:09:51,955
没有相变的情况下

225
00:09:51,955 --> 00:09:52,730
就是

226
00:09:53,430 --> 00:09:56,471
就纯粹是加热或者是冷却

227
00:09:56,471 --> 00:09:58,960
没有相变的情况下

228
00:09:59,580 --> 00:10:00,500
那么

229
00:10:01,820 --> 00:10:03,470
单位质量

230
00:10:06,000 --> 00:10:07,510
的这个

231
00:10:11,820 --> 00:10:12,031

232
00:10:12,031 --> 00:10:14,150
说错了，说错了

233
00:10:14,430 --> 00:10:18,630
比热是没有相变的情况下

234
00:10:18,630 --> 00:10:23,390
那个单位质量，每变化一度的

235
00:10:24,020 --> 00:10:25,733
需要的热量

236
00:10:25,733 --> 00:10:27,446
潜热是什么

237
00:10:27,446 --> 00:10:29,160
相变的情况下

238
00:10:29,950 --> 00:10:31,820
在相变的情况下

239
00:10:32,170 --> 00:10:34,028
每单位质量，就是一克

240
00:10:34,028 --> 00:10:36,584
一克，多少多少卡

241
00:10:36,584 --> 00:10:39,140
单位质量的单位热量

242
00:10:39,140 --> 00:10:41,232
单位质量所需要的热量

243
00:10:41,232 --> 00:10:41,464

244
00:10:41,464 --> 00:10:44,950
你看，它是这里是main4，这也是水嘛

245
00:10:45,230 --> 00:10:47,835
所以呢，这个是水的

246
00:10:47,835 --> 00:10:49,920
这是水的，这是水的

247
00:10:50,300 --> 00:10:51,490
这是水的

248
00:10:52,540 --> 00:10:54,200
还有比热这个

249
00:10:57,280 --> 00:10:58,960
这个地方

250
00:11:00,970 --> 00:11:01,154

251
00:11:01,154 --> 00:11:02,260
你看，放这里

252
00:11:02,260 --> 00:11:03,920
这地方，这个也是水的

253
00:11:05,630 --> 00:11:08,397
水有四个属性

254
00:11:08,397 --> 00:11:09,320
对吧

255
00:11:10,360 --> 00:11:13,260
那这四个属性我们怎么表达

256
00:11:13,260 --> 00:11:16,160
我们要给它加上四个值类型

257
00:11:17,180 --> 00:11:19,000
水有四个值

258
00:11:19,300 --> 00:11:21,350
值类型作为它的属性

259
00:11:21,830 --> 00:11:23,560
那下面这个，你看

260
00:11:26,990 --> 00:11:27,970

261
00:11:28,510 --> 00:11:30,415
dQ/dt

262
00:11:30,415 --> 00:11:32,593
这是一个微分嘛

263
00:11:32,593 --> 00:11:33,410
对不对

264
00:11:34,050 --> 00:11:35,932
微分，下面是时间

265
00:11:35,932 --> 00:11:40,637
然后这个热量，相当于时间、热量一个切线

266
00:11:40,637 --> 00:11:41,343
斜率嘛

267
00:11:41,343 --> 00:11:43,931
为什么叫微分

268
00:11:43,931 --> 00:11:46,519
就是那个曲线上的斜率

269
00:11:46,519 --> 00:11:46,990
对吧

270
00:11:49,420 --> 00:11:51,861
你看这个，它就不是水的了

271
00:11:51,861 --> 00:11:53,489
你看，这不是main4

272
00:11:53,489 --> 00:11:54,710
而是整个什么

273
00:11:55,710 --> 00:11:58,400
整个这个蒸馏器的一个

274
00:11:59,960 --> 00:12:01,680
传热速率

275
00:12:02,140 --> 00:12:02,574

276
00:12:02,574 --> 00:12:05,612
每秒多少卡

277
00:12:05,612 --> 00:12:06,480
对吧

278
00:12:08,120 --> 00:12:09,146
那这个不是水的

279
00:12:09,146 --> 00:12:10,172
这是哪一个的

280
00:12:10,172 --> 00:12:11,370
这是蒸馏器的

281
00:12:12,940 --> 00:12:14,080
一个属性

282
00:12:14,360 --> 00:12:14,530

283
00:12:14,530 --> 00:12:16,410
那这个我们都要定义上去

284
00:12:16,410 --> 00:12:18,460
因为我们之前是没有这个的

285
00:12:18,740 --> 00:12:19,470
对吧

286
00:12:20,820 --> 00:12:21,020

287
00:12:21,020 --> 00:12:22,620
都得一个一个定义

288
00:12:24,930 --> 00:12:28,545
下面还有一些假设什么的，这个就不管它了

289
00:12:28,545 --> 00:12:29,630
就不管它了

290
00:12:32,360 --> 00:12:33,334
这样来

291
00:12:33,334 --> 00:12:38,450
那这个是非常啰嗦的，那我们一点点来，把这个图给

292
00:12:38,870 --> 00:12:40,090
弄出来