首先我们需要下载python，我下载的是官方最新的版本 3.8.3
其次我们需要一个运行Python的环境，我用的是pychram，需要库的话我们可以直接在setting里面安装

 代码：

# -*- codeing = utf-8 -*-
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  # 网页解析，获取数据
import re  # 正则表达式，进行文字匹配`
import urllib.request, urllib.error  # 制定URL，获取网页数据
import xlwt  # 进行excel操作
#import sqlite3  # 进行SQLite数据库操作findLink = re.compile(r'<a href="(.*?)">')  # 创建正则表达式对象，标售规则   影片详情链接的规则
findImgSrc = re.compile(r'<img.*src="(.*?)"', re.S)
findTitle = re.compile(r'<span class="title">(.*)</span>')
findRating = re.compile(r'<span class="rating_num" property="v:average">(.*)</span>')
findJudge = re.compile(r'<span>(\d*)人评价</span>')
findInq = re.compile(r'<span class="inq">(.*)</span>')
findBd = re.compile(r'<p class="">(.*?)</p>', re.S)def main():baseurl = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="  #要爬取的网页链接# 1.爬取网页datalist = getData(baseurl)savepath = "豆瓣电影Top250.xls"    #当前目录新建XLS，存储进去# dbpath = "movie.db"              #当前目录新建数据库，存储进去# 3.保存数据saveData(datalist,savepath)      #2种存储方式可以只选择一种# saveData2DB(datalist,dbpath)# 爬取网页
def getData(baseurl):datalist = []  #用来存储爬取的网页信息for i in range(0, 10):  # 调用获取页面信息的函数，10次url = baseurl + str(i * 25)html = askURL(url)  # 保存获取到的网页源码# 2.逐一解析数据soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")for item in soup.find_all('div', class_="item"):  # 查找符合要求的字符串data = []  # 保存一部电影所有信息item = str(item)link = re.findall(findLink, item)[0]  # 通过正则表达式查找data.append(link)imgSrc = re.findall(findImgSrc, item)[0]data.append(imgSrc)titles = re.findall(findTitle, item)if (len(titles) == 2):ctitle = titles[0]data.append(ctitle)otitle = titles[1].replace("/", "")  #消除转义字符data.append(otitle)else:data.append(titles[0])data.append(' ')rating = re.findall(findRating, item)[0]data.append(rating)judgeNum = re.findall(findJudge, item)[0]data.append(judgeNum)inq = re.findall(findInq, item)if len(inq) != 0:inq = inq[0].replace("。", "")data.append(inq)else:data.append(" ")bd = re.findall(findBd, item)[0]bd = re.sub('<br(\s+)?/>(\s+)?', "", bd)bd = re.sub('/', "", bd)data.append(bd.strip())datalist.append(data)return datalist# 得到指定一个URL的网页内容
def askURL(url):head = {  # 模拟浏览器头部信息，向豆瓣服务器发送消息"User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit / 537.36(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome / 80.0.3987.122  Safari / 537.36"}# 用户代理，表示告诉豆瓣服务器，我们是什么类型的机器、浏览器（本质上是告诉浏览器，我们可以接收什么水平的文件内容）request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=head)html = ""try:response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)html = response.read().decode("utf-8")except urllib.error.URLError as e:if hasattr(e, "code"):print(e.code)if hasattr(e, "reason"):print(e.reason)return html# 保存数据到表格
def saveData(datalist,savepath):print("save.......")book = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8",style_compression=0) #创建workbook对象sheet = book.add_sheet('豆瓣电影Top250', cell_overwrite_ok=True) #创建工作表col = ("电影详情链接","图片链接","影片中文名","影片外国名","评分","评价数","概况","相关信息")for i in range(0,8):sheet.write(0,i,col[i])  #列名for i in range(0,250):# print("第%d条" %(i+1))       #输出语句，用来测试data = datalist[i]for j in range(0,8):sheet.write(i+1,j,data[j])  #数据book.save(savepath) #保存# def saveData2DB(datalist,dbpath):
#     init_db(dbpath)
#     conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
#     cur = conn.cursor()
#     for data in datalist:
#             for index in range(len(data)):
#                 if index == 4 or index == 5:
#                     continue
#                 data[index] = '"'+data[index]+'"'
#             sql = '''
#                     insert into movie250(
#                     info_link,pic_link,cname,ename,score,rated,instroduction,info)
#                     values (%s)'''%",".join(data)
#             # print(sql)     #输出查询语句，用来测试
#             cur.execute(sql)
#             conn.commit()
#     cur.close
#     conn.close()# def init_db(dbpath):
#     sql = '''
#         create table movie250(
#         id integer  primary  key autoincrement,
#         info_link text,
#         pic_link text,
#         cname varchar,
#         ename varchar ,
#         score numeric,
#         rated numeric,
#         instroduction text,
#         info text
#         )
#
#
#     '''  #创建数据表
#     conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
#     cursor = conn.cursor()
#     cursor.execute(sql)
#     conn.commit()
#     conn.close()# 保存数据到数据库if __name__ == "__main__":  # 当程序执行时# 调用函数main()# init_db("movietest.db")print("爬取完毕！")

-- codeing = utf-8 --，开头的这个是设置编码为utf-8 ，写在开头，防止乱码。