在之前我们都是基于RabbitMQ控制台来创建队列、交换机。但是在实际开发时，队列和交换机是程序员定义的，将来项目上线，又要交给运维去创建。那么程序员就需要把程序中运行的所有队列和交换机都写下来，交给运维。在这个过程中是很容易出现错误的。
因此推荐的做法是由程序启动时检查队列和交换机是否存在，如果不存在自动创建。

1. 使用@Bean

@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {/*** 创建一个FanoutExchange实例，用于将消息广播到多个队列。* @return FanoutExchange实例*/@Beanpublic FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {return new FanoutExchange("springboot.fanout");}/*** 创建一个队列实例，用于接收广播的消息。* @return 队列实例*/@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueue1() {return new Queue("springboot.fanout.queue1");}/*** 创建一个Binding实例，将队列与FanoutExchange绑定。* @param fanoutExchange FanoutExchange实例* @param fanoutQueue1 队列实例* @return Binding实例*/@Beanpublic Binding bindingFanoutQueue1(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange, Queue fanoutQueue1) {return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange);}/*** 创建一个队列实例，用于接收广播的消息。* @return 队列实例*/@Beanpublic Queue fanoutQueue2() {return new Queue("springboot.fanout.queue2");}/*** 创建一个Binding实例，将队列与FanoutExchange绑定。* @param fanoutExchange FanoutExchange实例* @param fanoutQueue2 队列实例* @return Binding实例*/@Beanpublic Binding bindingFanoutQueue2(FanoutExchange fanoutExchange, Queue fanoutQueue2) {return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanoutExchange);}
}

@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {/*** 创建一个直接交换机** @return DirectExchange实例*/@Beanpublic DirectExchange directExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("springboot.direct").build();}/*** 创建一个队列** @return Queue实例*/@Beanpublic Queue directQueue1() {return new Queue("springboot.direct.queue1");}/*** 创建一个绑定队列到交换机的Binding** @param directQueue1   队列* @param directExchange 交换机* @return Binding实例*/@Beanpublic Binding bindingQueue1WithRed(Queue directQueue1, DirectExchange directExchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(directExchange).with("red");}/*** 创建一个绑定队列到交换机的Binding** @param directQueue1   队列* @param directExchange 交换机* @return Binding实例*/@Beanpublic Binding bindingQueue1WithBlue(Queue directQueue1, DirectExchange directExchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(directExchange).with("blue");}/*** 创建一个队列** @return Queue实例*/@Beanpublic Queue directQueue2() {return new Queue("springboot.direct.queue2");}/*** 创建一个绑定队列到交换机的Binding** @param directQueue2   队列* @param directExchange 交换机* @return Binding实例*/@Beanpublic Binding bindingQueue2WithRed(Queue directQueue2, DirectExchange directExchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(directExchange).with("red");}/*** 创建一个绑定队列到交换机的Binding** @param directQueue2   队列* @param directExchange 交换机* @return Binding实例*/@Beanpublic Binding bindingQueue2WithYellow(Queue directQueue2, DirectExchange directExchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(directExchange).with("yellow");}
}

2. 使用@RabbitListener

@Component
public class DirectConsumer {@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "springboot.direct.queue1"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "springboot.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),key = {"red", "blue"}))public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg) {System.out.println("消费者1接收到direct.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");}@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "springboot.direct.queue2"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "springboot.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),key = {"red", "yellow"}))public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg) {System.out.println("消费者2接收到direct.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");}
}

@Component
public class TopicConsumer {@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "springboot.topic.queue1"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "springboot.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = "china.#"))public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg) {System.out.println("消费者1接收到topic.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");}@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "springboot.topic.queue2"),exchange = @Exchange(name = "springboot.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),key = "#.news"))public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg) {System.out.println("消费者2接收到topic.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");}
}