“定时器 ”机制:
内核函数
定时器涉及函数参考内核源码:include\linux\timer.h
给定时器的各个参数赋值:
setup_timer(struct timer_list * timer, void (*function)(unsigned long),unsigned long data):
设置定时器:主要是初始化 timer_list 结构体,设置其中的函数、参数。
void add_timer(struct timer_list *timer):
- a) 向内核添加定时器。timer->expires 表示超时时间。
- b) 当超时时间到达,内核就会调用这个函数:timer->function(timer->data)。
修改定时器:
int mod_timer(struct timer_list *timer, unsigned long expires):
- a) 修改定时器的超时时间,
- b) 它等同于:del_timer(timer); timer->expires = expires; add_timer(timer);
- c) 但是更加高效。
修改定时器:
int del_timer(struct timer_list *timer)
内核定时器时间单位
编译内核时,可以在内核源码根目录下用“ls -a”看到一个隐藏文件.config
,它就是内核配置文件。打开后可以看到如下这项:
CONFIG_HZ=100
这是硬件定时器,这表示内核每秒中会发生 100 次系统滴答中断(tick),这是 Linux 系统的心跳。每发生一次 tick 中断,全局变量 jiffies 就会累加 1。CONFIG_HZ=100 表示每个滴答是 10ms。定时器的时间就是基于 jiffies 的,我们修改超时时间时,一般使用这 2种方法:
① 在 add_timer 之前,直接修改:
timer.expires = jiffies + xxx; // xxx 表示多少个滴答后超时,也就是 xxx*10ms
timer.expires = jiffies + 2*HZ; // HZ 等于 CONFIG_HZ ,2*HZ 就相当于 2 秒
② 在 add_timer 之后,使用 mod_timer 修改:
mod_timer(&timer, jiffies + xxx); // xxx 表示多少个滴答后超时,也就是 xxx*10ms
mod_timer(&timer, jiffies + 2*HZ); // HZ 等于 CONFIG_HZ ,2*HZ 就相当于 2 秒
系统滴答中断(tick)与定时器的关系
系统滴答中断是硬件中断,定时器是软件中断,每次执行完硬件中断后才执行软件中断,系统滴答中断设置为100HZ,表示10ms执行一次软件中断,判断全局变量jiffies 是否大于key_timer.expires,大于则调用对应的定时器处理函数
定时器方式的按键驱动程序(stm32mp157)(旧版本定时器)
使用定时器处理按键抖动
如果不处理抖动的话,用户只操作一次按键, GPIO 电平会反复变化,中断程序可能会上报多个数据,那么可以在 GPIO 中断中并不立刻记录按键值,而是修改定时器超时时间
,10ms 后再处理如果 10ms 内又发生了 GPIO 中断,那就认为是抖动,这时再次修改超时时间为 10ms。只有 10ms 之内再无 GPIO 中断发生,那么定时器的函数才会被调用。在定时器函数中记录按键值。
button_test.c
实现功能:首先以非阻塞的方式读取环形缓冲区十次,然后以阻塞的方式读取按键的值
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>static int fd;/** ./button_test /dev/my_gpio_key**/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{int val;struct pollfd fds[1];int timeout_ms = 5000;int ret;int flags;int i;/* 1. 判断参数 */if (argc != 2) {printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);return -1;}/* 2. 打开文件 */fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);if (fd == -1){printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]);return -1;}//非阻塞的方式读取十次for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {if (read(fd, &val, 4) == 4)printf("get button: 0x%x\n", val);elseprintf("get button: -1\n");}//修改为阻塞的方式,是休眠唤醒机制,没有数据则休眠flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags & ~O_NONBLOCK);while (1){if (read(fd, &val, 4) == 4)printf("get button: 0x%x\n", val);elseprintf("while get button: -1\n");}close(fd);return 0;
}
gpio_key_drv.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>struct gpio_key{int gpio;struct gpio_desc *gpiod;int flag;int irq;struct timer_list key_timer;//每个按键都有定时器
} ;static struct gpio_key *gpio_keys_first;/* 主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *gpio_key_class;/* 环形缓冲区 */
#define BUF_LEN 128
static int g_keys[BUF_LEN];
static int r, w;struct fasync_struct *button_fasync;#define NEXT_POS(x) ((x+1) % BUF_LEN)static int is_key_buf_empty(void)
{return (r == w);
}static int is_key_buf_full(void)
{return (r == NEXT_POS(w));
}static void put_key(int key)
{if (!is_key_buf_full()){g_keys[w] = key;w = NEXT_POS(w);}
}static int get_key(void)
{int key = 0;if (!is_key_buf_empty()){key = g_keys[r];r = NEXT_POS(r);}return key;
}static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);//定时中断函数:完成按键状态的返回
static void key_timer_expire(unsigned long data)
{/* data ==> gpio */struct gpio_key *gpio_key = data;int val;int key;val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);printk("key_timer_expire key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);key = (gpio_key->gpio << 8) | val;put_key(key);wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);kill_fasync(&button_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}/* 实现对应的open/read/write等函数,填入file_operations结构体 */
static ssize_t gpio_key_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{//printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);int err;int key;if (is_key_buf_empty() && (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK))return -EAGAIN;wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, !is_key_buf_empty());key = get_key();err = copy_to_user(buf, &key, 4);return 4;
}static unsigned int gpio_key_drv_poll(struct file *fp, poll_table * wait)
{printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);poll_wait(fp, &gpio_key_wait, wait);return is_key_buf_empty() ? 0 : POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}static int gpio_key_drv_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{if (fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &button_fasync) >= 0)return 0;elsereturn -EIO;
}/* 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations gpio_key_drv = {.owner = THIS_MODULE,.read = gpio_key_drv_read,.poll = gpio_key_drv_poll,.fasync = gpio_key_drv_fasync,
};//按键中断处理函数不会直接返回按键的状态,而是通过调用定时器中断
static irqreturn_t gpio_key_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;printk("gpio_key_isr key %d irq happened\n", gpio_key->gpio);mod_timer(&gpio_key->key_timer, jiffies + HZ/50);//使用HZ宏,定时器超时时间为20ms,如果超时时间到了,就会修改key_timer的值,导致key_timer_expire函数被调用return IRQ_HANDLED;
}/* 1. 从platform_device获得GPIO* 2. gpio=>irq* 3. request_irq*/
static int gpio_key_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{int err;struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;int count;int i;enum of_gpio_flags flag;printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);count = of_gpio_count(node);if (!count){printk("%s %s line %d, there isn't any gpio available\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);return -1;}gpio_keys_first= kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key) * count, GFP_KERNEL);for (i = 0; i < count; i++){ gpio_keys_first[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);if (gpio_keys_first[i].gpio < 0){printk("%s %s line %d, of_get_gpio_flags fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);return -1;}gpio_keys_first[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(gpio_keys_first[i].gpio);gpio_keys_first[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;gpio_keys_first[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(gpio_keys_first[i].gpio);//每个按键都注册定时中断函数setup_timer(&gpio_keys_first[i].key_timer, key_timer_expire, &gpio_keys_first[i]);gpio_keys_first[i].key_timer.expires = ~0;add_timer(&gpio_keys_first[i].key_timer);}for (i = 0; i < count; i++){err = request_irq(gpio_keys_first[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_keys_first[i]);}/* 注册file_operations */major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_key_drv); /* /dev/gpio_key */gpio_key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_gpio_key_class");if (IS_ERR(gpio_key_class)) {printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");return PTR_ERR(gpio_key_class);}device_create(gpio_key_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "100ask_gpio_key"); /* /dev/100ask_gpio_key */return 0;}static int gpio_key_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{//int err;struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;int count;int i;device_destroy(gpio_key_class, MKDEV(major, 0));class_destroy(gpio_key_class);unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");count = of_gpio_count(node);for (i = 0; i < count; i++){free_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);del_timer(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer);}kfree(gpio_keys_100ask);return 0;
}static const struct of_device_id ask100_keys[] = {{ .compatible = "100ask,gpio_key" },{ },
};/* 1. 定义platform_driver */
static struct platform_driver gpio_keys_driver = {.probe = gpio_key_probe,.remove = gpio_key_remove,.driver = {.name = "100ask_gpio_key",.of_match_table = ask100_keys,},
};/* 2. 在入口函数注册platform_driver */
static int __init gpio_key_init(void)
{int err;printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);err = platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_driver); return err;
}/* 3. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数:卸载驱动程序时,就会去调用这个出口函数* 卸载platform_driver*/
static void __exit gpio_key_exit(void)
{printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_keys_driver);
}/* 7. 其他完善:提供设备信息,自动创建设备节点 */module_init(gpio_key_init);
module_exit(gpio_key_exit);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
Makefile
# 1. 使用不同的开发板内核时, 一定要修改KERN_DIR
# 2. KERN_DIR中的内核要事先配置、编译, 为了能编译内核, 要先设置下列环境变量:
# 2.1 ARCH, 比如: export ARCH=arm64
# 2.2 CROSS_COMPILE, 比如: export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
# 2.3 PATH, 比如: export PATH=$PATH:/home/book/100ask_roc-rk3399-pc/ToolChain-6.3.1/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin
# 注意: 不同的开发板不同的编译器上述3个环境变量不一定相同,
# 请参考各开发板的高级用户使用手册KERN_DIR = /home/book/100ask_stm32mp157_pro-sdk/Linux-5.4all:make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc -o button_test button_test.c
clean:make -C $(KERN_DIR) M=`pwd` modules cleanrm -rf modules.order button_test# 参考内核源码drivers/char/ipmi/Makefile
# 要想把a.c, b.c编译成ab.ko, 可以这样指定:
# ab-y := a.o b.o
# obj-m += ab.oobj-m += gpio_key_drv.o
修改设备树文件
对于一个引脚要用作中断时,
- a) 要通过 PinCtrl 把它设置为 GPIO 功能;【ST 公司对于 STM32MP157 系列芯片,GPIO 为默认模式 不需要再进行配置Pinctrl 信息】
- b) 表明自身:是哪一个 GPIO 模块里的哪一个引脚【修改设备树】
打开内核的设备树文件:arch/arm/boot/dts/stm32mp157c-100ask-512d-lcd-v1.dts
gpio_keys_first {compatible = "first_key,gpio_key";gpios = <&gpiog 3 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW&gpiog 2 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
};
与此同时,需要把用到引脚的节点禁用
注意,如果其他设备树文件也用到该节点,需要设置属性为disabled状态,在arch/arm/boot/dts目录下执行如下指令查找哪些设备树用到该节点
grep "&gpiog" * -nr
如果用到该节点,需要添加属性去屏蔽:
status = "disabled";
编译测试
首先要设置 ARCH、CROSS_COMPILE、PATH 这三个环境变量后,进入 ubuntu 上板子内核源码的目录,在Linux内核源码根目录下,执行如下命令即可编译 dtb 文件:
make dtbs V=1
编译好的文件在路径由DTC指定,移植设备树到开发板的共享文件夹中,先保存源文件,然后覆盖源文件,重启后会挂载新的设备树,进入该目录查看是否有新添加的设备节点
cd /sys/firmware/devicetree/base
编译驱动程序,在Makefile文件目录下执行make指令,此时,目录下有编译好的内核模块gpio_key_drv.ko和可执行文件button_test文件移植到开发板上
确定一下烧录系统:cat /proc/mounts
,查看boot分区挂载的位置,将其重新挂载在boot分区:mount /dev/mmcblk2p2 /boot
,然后将共享文件夹里面的设备树文件拷贝到boot目录下,这样的话设备树文件就在boot目录下
cp /mnt/stm32mp157c-100ask-512d-lcd-v1.dtb /boot
重启后挂载,运行
insmod -f gpio_key_drv.ko // 强制安装驱动程序
ls /dev/my_gpio_key
./button_test /dev/my_gpio_key & //后台运行,此时prink函数打印的内容看不到
然后按下按键
定时器方式的按键驱动程序(stm32mp157)(新版本定时器)
高版本的定时器的函数和结构体发生变化,具体变化如下:
所以只需要修改timer_setup函数和定时器中断处理函数
修改gpio_key_drv.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/timer.h>struct gpio_key{int gpio;struct gpio_desc *gpiod;int flag;int irq;struct timer_list key_timer;//每个按键都有定时器
} ;static struct gpio_key *gpio_keys_first;/* 主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *gpio_key_class;/* 环形缓冲区 */
#define BUF_LEN 128
static int g_keys[BUF_LEN];
static int r, w;struct fasync_struct *button_fasync;#define NEXT_POS(x) ((x+1) % BUF_LEN)static int is_key_buf_empty(void)
{return (r == w);
}static int is_key_buf_full(void)
{return (r == NEXT_POS(w));
}static void put_key(int key)
{if (!is_key_buf_full()){g_keys[w] = key;w = NEXT_POS(w);}
}static int get_key(void)
{int key = 0;if (!is_key_buf_empty()){key = g_keys[r];r = NEXT_POS(r);}return key;
}static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);//定时中断函数:完成按键状态的返回
//static void key_timer_expire(unsigned long data)
static void key_timer_expire(struct timer_list *t)
{/* data ==> gpio *///struct gpio_key *gpio_key = data;//利用from_timer函数的定时器成员反算出结构体的指针,进而获得该结构体的所有信息struct gpio_key *gpio_key = from_timer(gpio_key, t, key_timer);int val;int key;val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);printk("key_timer_expire key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);key = (gpio_key->gpio << 8) | val;put_key(key);wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);kill_fasync(&button_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}/* 实现对应的open/read/write等函数,填入file_operations结构体 */
static ssize_t gpio_key_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{//printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);int err;int key;if (is_key_buf_empty() && (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK))return -EAGAIN;wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, !is_key_buf_empty());key = get_key();err = copy_to_user(buf, &key, 4);return 4;
}static unsigned int gpio_key_drv_poll(struct file *fp, poll_table * wait)
{printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);poll_wait(fp, &gpio_key_wait, wait);return is_key_buf_empty() ? 0 : POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}static int gpio_key_drv_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{if (fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &button_fasync) >= 0)return 0;elsereturn -EIO;
}/* 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations gpio_key_drv = {.owner = THIS_MODULE,.read = gpio_key_drv_read,.poll = gpio_key_drv_poll,.fasync = gpio_key_drv_fasync,
};//按键中断处理函数不会直接返回按键的状态,而是通过调用定时器中断
static irqreturn_t gpio_key_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;printk("gpio_key_isr key %d irq happened\n", gpio_key->gpio);mod_timer(&gpio_key->key_timer, jiffies + HZ/50);//使用HZ宏,定时器超时时间为20ms,如果超时时间到了,就会修改key_timer的值,导致key_timer_expire函数被调用return IRQ_HANDLED;
}/* 1. 从platform_device获得GPIO* 2. gpio=>irq* 3. request_irq*/
static int gpio_key_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{int err;struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;int count;int i;enum of_gpio_flags flag;printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);count = of_gpio_count(node);if (!count){printk("%s %s line %d, there isn't any gpio available\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);return -1;}gpio_keys_first= kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key) * count, GFP_KERNEL);for (i = 0; i < count; i++){ gpio_keys_first[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);if (gpio_keys_first[i].gpio < 0){printk("%s %s line %d, of_get_gpio_flags fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);return -1;}gpio_keys_first[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(gpio_keys_first[i].gpio);gpio_keys_first[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;gpio_keys_first[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(gpio_keys_first[i].gpio);//每个按键都注册定时中断函数//setup_timer(&gpio_keys_first[i].key_timer, key_timer_expire, &gpio_keys_first[i]);timer_setup(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer, key_timer_expire, 0);gpio_keys_first[i].key_timer.expires = ~0;add_timer(&gpio_keys_first[i].key_timer);}for (i = 0; i < count; i++){err = request_irq(gpio_keys_first[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_keys_first[i]);}/* 注册file_operations */major = register_chrdev(0, "100ask_gpio_key", &gpio_key_drv); /* /dev/gpio_key */gpio_key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "100ask_gpio_key_class");if (IS_ERR(gpio_key_class)) {printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");return PTR_ERR(gpio_key_class);}device_create(gpio_key_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "100ask_gpio_key"); /* /dev/100ask_gpio_key */return 0;}static int gpio_key_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{//int err;struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;int count;int i;device_destroy(gpio_key_class, MKDEV(major, 0));class_destroy(gpio_key_class);unregister_chrdev(major, "100ask_gpio_key");count = of_gpio_count(node);for (i = 0; i < count; i++){free_irq(gpio_keys_100ask[i].irq, &gpio_keys_100ask[i]);del_timer(&gpio_keys_100ask[i].key_timer);}kfree(gpio_keys_100ask);return 0;
}static const struct of_device_id ask100_keys[] = {{ .compatible = "100ask,gpio_key" },{ },
};/* 1. 定义platform_driver */
static struct platform_driver gpio_keys_driver = {.probe = gpio_key_probe,.remove = gpio_key_remove,.driver = {.name = "100ask_gpio_key",.of_match_table = ask100_keys,},
};/* 2. 在入口函数注册platform_driver */
static int __init gpio_key_init(void)
{int err;printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);err = platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_driver); return err;
}/* 3. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数:卸载驱动程序时,就会去调用这个出口函数* 卸载platform_driver*/
static void __exit gpio_key_exit(void)
{printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_keys_driver);
}/* 7. 其他完善:提供设备信息,自动创建设备节点 */module_init(gpio_key_init);
module_exit(gpio_key_exit);MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");