leetcode做题笔记126. 单词接龙 II

按字典 wordList 完成从单词 beginWord 到单词 endWord 转化，一个表示此过程的 转换序列 是形式上像 beginWord -> s1 -> s2 -> ... -> sk 这样的单词序列，并满足：

每对相邻的单词之间仅有单个字母不同。
转换过程中的每个单词 si（1 <= i <= k）必须是字典 wordList 中的单词。注意，beginWord 不必是字典 wordList 中的单词。
sk == endWord

给你两个单词 beginWord 和 endWord ，以及一个字典 wordList 。请你找出并返回所有从 beginWord 到 endWord 的 最短转换序列 ，如果不存在这样的转换序列，返回一个空列表。每个序列都应该以单词列表 [beginWord, s1, s2, ..., sk] 的形式返回。

思路一：BFS

char** list;
int** back;
int* backSize;void dfs(char*** res, int* rSize, int** rCsize, int* ans, int last, int retLevel){int i = ans[last];if(i == 0){res[*rSize] = (char**)malloc(sizeof(char*) * retLevel);(*rCsize)[*rSize] = retLevel;for(int j = 0; j < retLevel; j++){res[*rSize][j] = list[ans[j]];}(*rSize)++;}if(last == 0){return;}for(int j = 0; j < backSize[i]; j++){int k = back[i][j];ans[last-1] = k;dfs(res,rSize,rCsize,ans,last-1,retLevel);}
}char *** findLadders(char * beginWord, char * endWord, char ** wordList, int wordListSize, int* returnSize, int** returnColumnSizes){*returnSize = 0;int size = wordListSize+1;int wlen = strlen(beginWord);list = (char**)malloc(sizeof(char*)*size); back = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*) * size);  backSize = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);int* visited = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size); int** diff = (int**)malloc(sizeof(int*) * size);  int* diffSize = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);int endidx = 0;for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {list[i] = i == 0 ? beginWord : wordList[i - 1];visited[i] = 0;diff[i] = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);diffSize[i] = 0;back[i] = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);backSize[i] = 0;if (strcmp(endWord, list[i]) == 0) {endidx = i;}}if (endidx == 0) return 0;  // endword is not in the list// collect diff datafor (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {for (int j = i; j < size; ++j) {int tmp = 0;  // tmp is the difference between word[i] & word[j]for (int k = 0; k < wlen; ++k) {tmp += list[i][k] != list[j][k];if (tmp > 1) break;}if (tmp == 1) {diff[i][diffSize[i]++] = j;diff[j][diffSize[j]++] = i;}}}// BFSint* curr = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size); int* prev = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);  int prevSize, currSize = 1;int* currvisited = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);int level = 1;                                     curr[0] = 0;visited[0] = 1;int retlevel = 0;  while (retlevel == 0 && currSize > 0) {++level;int* tmp = prev;prev = curr;curr = tmp;prevSize = currSize;currSize = 0;for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {currvisited[i] = 0;}for (int i = 0; i < prevSize; ++i) {for (int j = 0; j < diffSize[prev[i]]; ++j) {int k = diff[prev[i]][j];  if (visited[k]) continue;back[k][backSize[k]++] = prev[i];   if (k == endidx) retlevel = level;  if (currvisited[k]) continue;       curr[currSize++] = k;currvisited[k] = 1;}}for (int i = 0; i < currSize; ++i) {visited[curr[i]] = 1;}}if (retlevel == 0) return 0;  char*** res = (char***)malloc(sizeof(char**) * size);int* ans = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * retlevel);*returnColumnSizes = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);ans[retlevel - 1] = endidx;dfs(res, returnSize, returnColumnSizes, ans, retlevel - 1, retlevel);return res;
}