桶排序是计数排序的升级版。它利用了函数的映射关系,高效与否的关键就在于这个映射函数的确定。为了使桶排序更加高效,我们需要做到这两点:
- 在额外空间充足的情况下,尽量增大桶的数量
- 使用的映射函数能够将输入的 N 个数据均匀的分配到 K 个桶中
同时,对于桶中元素的排序,选择何种比较排序算法对于性能的影响至关重要。
1. 什么时候最快
当输入的数据可以均匀的分配到每一个桶中。
2. 什么时候最慢
当输入的数据被分配到了同一个桶中。
3. 示意图
元素分布在桶中:
然后,元素在每个桶中排序:
代码实现
JavaScript
function bucketSort(arr, bucketSize) {if (arr.length === 0) {return arr;}var i;var minValue = arr[0];var maxValue = arr[0];for (i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {if (arr[i] < minValue) {minValue = arr[i]; // 输入数据的最小值} else if (arr[i] > maxValue) {maxValue = arr[i]; // 输入数据的最大值}}//桶的初始化var DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE = 5; // 设置桶的默认数量为5bucketSize = bucketSize || DEFAULT_BUCKET_SIZE;var bucketCount = Math.floor((maxValue - minValue) / bucketSize) + 1; var buckets = new Array(bucketCount);for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {buckets[i] = [];}//利用映射函数将数据分配到各个桶中for (i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {buckets[Math.floor((arr[i] - minValue) / bucketSize)].push(arr[i]);}arr.length = 0;for (i = 0; i < buckets.length; i++) {insertionSort(buckets[i]); // 对每个桶进行排序,这里使用了插入排序for (var j = 0; j < buckets[i].length; j++) {arr.push(buckets[i][j]); }}return arr;
}
Java代码实现如下:
实例
public class BucketSort implements IArraySort {private static final InsertSort insertSort = new InsertSort();@Overridepublic int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {// 对 arr 进行拷贝,不改变参数内容int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);return bucketSort(arr, 5);}private int[] bucketSort(int[] arr, int bucketSize) throws Exception {if (arr.length == 0) {return arr;}int minValue = arr[0];int maxValue = arr[0];for (int value : arr) {if (value < minValue) {minValue = value;} else if (value > maxValue) {maxValue = value;}}int bucketCount = (int) Math.floor((maxValue - minValue) / bucketSize) + 1;int[][] buckets = new int[bucketCount][0];// 利用映射函数将数据分配到各个桶中for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {int index = (int) Math.floor((arr[i] - minValue) / bucketSize);buckets[index] = arrAppend(buckets[index], arr[i]);}int arrIndex = 0;for (int[] bucket : buckets) {if (bucket.length <= 0) {continue;}// 对每个桶进行排序,这里使用了插入排序bucket = insertSort.sort(bucket);for (int value : bucket) {arr[arrIndex++] = value;}}return arr;}/*** 自动扩容,并保存数据** @param arr* @param value*/private int[] arrAppend(int[] arr, int value) {arr = Arrays.copyOf(arr, arr.length + 1);arr[arr.length - 1] = value;return arr;}}
PHP代码实现如下:
实例
function bucketSort($arr, $bucketSize = 5)
{if (count($arr) === 0) {return $arr;}$minValue = $arr[0];$maxValue = $arr[0];for ($i = 1; $i < count($arr); $i++) {if ($arr[$i] < $minValue) {$minValue = $arr[$i];} else if ($arr[$i] > $maxValue) {$maxValue = $arr[$i];}}$bucketCount = floor(($maxValue - $minValue) / $bucketSize) + 1;$buckets = array();for ($i = 0; $i < $bucketCount; $i++) {$buckets[$i] = [];}for ($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++) {$buckets[floor(($arr[$i] - $minValue) / $bucketSize)][] = $arr[$i];}$arr = array();for ($i = 0; $i < count($buckets); $i++) {$bucketTmp = $buckets[$i];sort($bucketTmp);for ($j = 0; $j < count($bucketTmp); $j++) {$arr[] = $bucketTmp[$j];}}return $arr;
}
C++代码实现如下:
#include<iterator>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
const int BUCKET_NUM = 10;struct ListNode{explicit ListNode(int i=0):mData(i),mNext(NULL){}ListNode* mNext;int mData;
};ListNode* insert(ListNode* head,int val){ListNode dummyNode;ListNode *newNode = new ListNode(val);ListNode *pre,*curr;dummyNode.mNext = head;pre = &dummyNode;curr = head;while(NULL!=curr && curr->mData<=val){pre = curr;curr = curr->mNext;}newNode->mNext = curr;pre->mNext = newNode;return dummyNode.mNext;
}ListNode* Merge(ListNode *head1,ListNode *head2){ListNode dummyNode;ListNode *dummy = &dummyNode;while(NULL!=head1 && NULL!=head2){if(head1->mData <= head2->mData){dummy->mNext = head1;head1 = head1->mNext;}else{dummy->mNext = head2;head2 = head2->mNext;}dummy = dummy->mNext;}if(NULL!=head1) dummy->mNext = head1;if(NULL!=head2) dummy->mNext = head2;return dummyNode.mNext;
}void BucketSort(int n,int arr[]){vector<ListNode*> buckets(BUCKET_NUM,(ListNode*)(0));for(int i=0;i<n;++i){int index = arr[i]/BUCKET_NUM;ListNode *head = buckets.at(index);buckets.at(index) = insert(head,arr[i]);}ListNode *head = buckets.at(0);for(int i=1;i<BUCKET_NUM;++i){head = Merge(head,buckets.at(i));}for(int i=0;i<n;++i){arr[i] = head->mData;head = head->mNext;}
}
希望你也学会了,更多编程源码模板请来二当家的素材网:https://www.erdangjiade.com