Unity 外观模式（实例详解）

文章目录

- - 示例1：初始化游戏场景中的多个子系统
  - 示例2：管理音频播放
  - 示例3：场景加载流程
  - 示例4：UI管理器
  - 示例5：网络服务通信

在Unity中使用外观模式（Facade）时，主要目的是为了简化复杂子系统间的交互，为外部提供一个更简洁、统一的接口。以下是一个简化的概念性示例，并扩展为5个不同场景下的代码实例：

示例1：初始化游戏场景中的多个子系统

// 子系统接口或类定义
public interface ISubSystemA
{void Initialize();
}public class SubSystemA : ISubSystemA
{public void Initialize(){Debug.Log("Subsystem A initialized.");}
}public interface ISubSystemB
{void Initialize();
}public class SubSystemB : ISubSystemB
{public void Initialize(){Debug.Log("Subsystem B initialized.");}
}// 外观（Facade）类
public class GameInitializerFacade
{private ISubSystemA _subSystemA;private ISubSystemB _subSystemB;public GameInitializerFacade(ISubSystemA subSystemA, ISubSystemB subSystemB){_subSystemA = subSystemA;_subSystemB = subSystemB;}public void InitializeGame(){_subSystemA.Initialize();_subSystemB.Initialize();Debug.Log("All subsystems initialized through Facade.");}
}// 使用外观模式初始化游戏
public class GameManager : MonoBehaviour
{void Start(){var initializer = new GameInitializerFacade(new SubSystemA(), new SubSystemB());initializer.InitializeGame();}
}

示例2：管理音频播放

public interface IAudioPlayer
{void PlayMusic(string track);void PlaySoundEffect(string effect);
}public class AudioPlayer : IAudioPlayer
{// 实现音频播放逻辑...
}public class AudioManagerFacade
{private IAudioPlayer _audioPlayer;public AudioManagerFacade(IAudioPlayer audioPlayer){_audioPlayer = audioPlayer;}public void PlayMainMenuMusic(){_audioPlayer.PlayMusic("MainTheme");}public void PlayJumpSound(){_audioPlayer.PlaySoundEffect("Jump");}
}// 在游戏中通过外观来控制音频
public class SceneController : MonoBehaviour
{private AudioManagerFacade _audioManager;void Start(){_audioManager = new AudioManagerFacade(new AudioPlayer());_audioManager.PlayMainMenuMusic();}void OnJump(){_audioManager.PlayJumpSound();}
}

示例3：场景加载流程

public interface ISceneLoader
{void Load(SceneName scene);void Unload(SceneName scene);
}public class SceneManager : ISceneLoader
{// 实现场景加载卸载功能...
}public class SceneLoadingFacade
{private ISceneLoader _sceneLoader;public SceneLoadingFacade(ISceneLoader loader){_sceneLoader = loader;}public void LoadMainMenu(){_sceneLoader.Load(SceneName.MainMenu);}public void LoadGameplay(){_sceneLoader.Unload(SceneName.MainMenu);_sceneLoader.Load(SceneName.Gameplay);}
}// 游戏流程控制
public class TransitionController : MonoBehaviour
{private SceneLoadingFacade _loadingFacade;void Start(){_loadingFacade = new SceneLoadingFacade(new SceneManager());_loadingFacade.LoadMainMenu();}public void OnPlayButtonClicked(){_loadingFacade.LoadGameplay();}
}

示例4：UI管理器

public interface IUIManager
{void ShowMenu(MenuType menu);void HideMenu(MenuType menu);
}public class UIManager : IUIManager
{// 实现菜单显示隐藏逻辑...
}public class UIFacade
{private IUIManager _uiManager;public UIFacade(IUIManager manager){_uiManager = manager;}public void OpenSettings(){_uiManager.ShowMenu(MenuType.Settings);}public void CloseAllMenus(){_uiManager.HideMenu(MenuType.All);}
}// 游戏中UI控制
public class MenuInteraction : MonoBehaviour
{private UIFacade _uiFacade;void Start(){_uiFacade = new UIFacade(new UIManager());}void OnSettingsButtonClick(){_uiFacade.OpenSettings();}void OnBackPressed(){_uiFacade.CloseAllMenus();}
}

示例5：网络服务通信

public interface INetworkService
{void Connect(string address);void SendData(byte[] data);void Disconnect();
}public class NetworkServiceImpl : INetworkService
{// 实现网络连接和数据发送逻辑...
}public class NetworkServiceFacade
{private INetworkService _networkService;public NetworkServiceFacade(INetworkService service){_networkService = service;}public void ConnectToServer(string ip, int port){string address = $"{ip}:{port}";_networkService.Connect(address);}public void SendGameData(GameData data){byte[] serializedData = SerializeGameData(data);_networkService.SendData(serializedData);}public void DisconnectFromServer(){_networkService.Disconnect();}
}// 游戏中网络模块调用
public class NetworkController : MonoBehaviour
{private NetworkServiceFacade _networkFacade;void Start(){_networkFacade = new NetworkServiceFacade(new NetworkServiceImpl());}void OnConnectButtonClicked(){_networkFacade.ConnectToServer("192.168.0.1", 12345);}void OnSendGameData(){GameData gameData = GetGameData();_networkFacade.SendGameData(gameData);}void OnDisconnectButtonClicked(){_networkFacade.DisconnectFromServer();}
}