文章目录
- 修改DrawType
- DrawType的调用逻辑
- 绘图逻辑
- 源代码
Python绘图系统:
- 📈从0开始的3D绘图系统📉一个3D坐标系,多个函数
- 图表类型和风格:📉极坐标绘图📊散点图和条形图📊混合类型图表📊多子图
修改DrawType
之前在添加DrawType控件的时候,不仅添加了全局控件,而且每个AxisList也都添加了,这可不是乱添加的,而是为了后续的功能,即子图绘制。如果一个窗口中有多组坐标轴,那么每个坐标轴都应该有相应的图像。
这个显然属于绘图类型的范畴,所以第一步还是更新DrawType类,添加一个sub参数,用以约束子图的位置
def __init__(self, master, types, slctType, sub='111', slctDim="xyz", slctProj='3d',ws=None, func=None, **options):
尽管添加的组件类型不同,但创建流程都是一样的,先改initVar,然后在initWidgets中添加Entry控件。
def initVar(self, sub, slctType, dim, proj):self.drawSub = tk.StringVar()self.drawSub.set(sub)# ....# 后面是类型、维度、投影def initWidgets(self, ws, sub):if ws==None: ws = [5, 5, 5, 3]eny = ttk.Entry(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawSub)eny.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2)# ...# 注意后面创建combobox时ws后移
然后再给出一个get函数
def getSub(self):return self.drawSub.get()
而且对应AxisList中也要添加get函数
def getSub(self):return self.drawTypeDim.getSub()
另外,需要补上之前未添加的getProj函数
def getProj(self):return self.drawTypeDim.getProj()
在initVar
中,几乎出现了4行一摸一样的代码,为了让其更加简洁,可以稍作修改
def initVar(self, sub, slctType, dim, proj):kv = {"sub":sub, "type":slctType, "dim":dim, "proj": proj}self.drawVars = {key:tk.StringVar() for key in kv}for key in drawVars:drawVars[key].set(kv[key])
然后把之前的注入self.drawSub, self.drawType, self.drawDim, self.drawProj等变量,均改写为self.drawVars字典调用的形式。类似getSub之类的函数非常容易修改,只要替换一下即可。而initWidgets,则和initVar一样,可以写得更加精简,具体改动较多,这里旧不贴代码了。
这里小小地声明一下,这种极致缩短代码行数的写法,在团队协作的时候并不提倡。
DrawType的调用逻辑
这一步比较繁琐,可以跳过。但文末附上的源代码中是做了这一步的更改的。
到目前为止,在DrawType中,最核心的四个参数就是子图类别、绘图类型、数据维度以及投影。换言之,只要有了这四个参数,那么理论上就可以得到一个DrawType的对象。
在DrawSystem中,除了每个AxisList有其自身的DrawType之外,还有一个全局的DrawType,但现在这两者之间并没有任何联系。一个比较好的设计逻辑是,新建AxisList的时候,以全局的DrawType为模板。
所以,可将这四个参数写成一个字典,用于参数的传递。所以首先在DrawType类中添加函数
def getDct(self):return {key:self.drawVars[key].get() for key in self.drawVars}
然后修改其初始化参数
def __init__(self, master, types, varDct = {"sub":"111", "type":'点线图', "dim":"xyz", "proj": "3d"},ws=None, func=None, **options):
相应地更改initVar
def initVar(self, varDct):self.drawVars = {key:tk.StringVar() for key in varDct}for key in self.drawVars:self.drawVars[key].set(varDct[key])
这个改动导致接口发生变化,更要命的是AxisList的初始化参数也要传给DrawType,所以牵一发而动全身,包括AxilList以及DrawSystem,所有涉及到的代码都要修改。
绘图逻辑
由于每个子图都有其自身的坐标轴,为了让绘图井然有序,需要来一个全局的坐标轴字典,并在坐标轴设置函数中调用
def setDrawAxis(self, al):sub = int(al.getSub())print(sub)if sub in self.axDct:return self.axDct[sub]p = al.getProj() if p == "None":self.axDct[sub] = self.fig.add_subplot(sub)else:self.axDct[sub] = self.fig.add_subplot(sub, projection=p)return self.axDct[sub]
绘图函数为
def btnDrawImg(self):self.fig.clf()keys = self.drawTypeDim.getDim()self.axDct = {}for al in self.als:ax = self.setDrawAxis(al)data = self.readDatas(al)draw = self.drawDct[al.getDrawType()]draw(ax, data, keys)self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)self.canvas.draw()
最后效果如下
源代码
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilenameimport matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_tkagg import (FigureCanvasTkAgg, NavigationToolbar2Tk)
from matplotlib.figure import Figureimport numpy as npclass AxisFrame(ttk.Frame):# widths 是每个控件的宽度def __init__(self, master, label, mode, widths, **options):super().__init__(master, **options)self.pack()self.label = labelself.initVar(mode)self.initWidgets(widths)def initVar(self, mode):self.MODES = ("序列化", "源代码", "外部导入", "无数据")self.mode = tk.StringVar()self.setMode(mode)def initWidgets(self, widths):tk.Label(self, text=self.label, width=widths[0]).pack(side=tk.LEFT)self.slct = ttk.Combobox(self, width=widths[1], textvariable=self.mode)self.slct['value'] = self.MODESself.slct.pack(side=tk.LEFT)self.entry = tk.Entry(self, width=widths[2])self.entry.pack(padx=5, side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X)def setText(self, text):self.entry.delete(0, "end")self.entry.insert(0, text)def get(self):return self.entry.get()def setMode(self, mode):if type(mode) != str:mode = self.MODES[mode]self.mode.set(mode)def setData(self, data=None, **txyz):if self.mode.get() == "序列化":return self.getArray()elif self.mode.get() == "外部导入":return self.loadData(data)else:return self.readPython(**txyz)def readPython(self, t=None, x=None, y=None, z=None):self.data = eval(self.get())return self.datadef loadData(self, data):if type(data) != type(None):self.data = datareturn self.datadef getArray(self):val = self.get()self.data = eval(f"np.linspace({val})")return self.dataclass AxisList(ttk.Frame):def __init__(self, master, title, mode, widths, types, typeDct, # 绘图类型Combobox的参数**options):super().__init__(master, **options)self.pack()self.afs = {}self.data = {}self.initWidgets(title, widths)self.initFeature(types, typeDct)self.initAxis(mode, widths)def initWidgets(self, title, widths):self.btn = ttk.Button(self, text=title, width=sum(widths)+5,command=self.Click)self.btn.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X, expand=tk.YES)self._c = ttk.Frame(self)self.collapsed = Trueself.Click()def initFeature(self, types, typeDct):frm = ttk.Frame(self._c)frm.pack(pady=2, side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)ttk.Button(frm, text="加载",width=5,command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, types, typeDct, func=self.dimChanged)self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2)self.vis = {L : True for L in 'txyz'}def dimChanged(self, evt):txyz = self.getDrawDim()for flag in 'txyz':self.vis[flag] = flag in txyzself.updateVisible()def updateVisible(self):for flag in 'txyz':self.afs[flag].pack_forget()for flag in 'txyz':if self.vis[flag]:self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)def getSub(self):return self.drawTypeDim.getSub()def getProj(self):return self.drawTypeDim.getProj()def getDrawType(self):return self.drawTypeDim.getType()def getDrawDim(self):return self.drawTypeDim.getDim()def initAxis(self, mode, widths):for flag in 'txyz':self.afs[flag] = AxisFrame(self._c, flag, mode, widths)self.afs[flag].pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.vis = {L : L in self.getDrawDim() for L in 'txyz'}self.updateVisible()def btnLoadData(self):name = askopenfilename()data = np.genfromtxt(name)for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):if i >= data.shape[1]:returnself.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")self.data[flag] = self.setData(flag, data[:,i])def Click(self):if self.collapsed:self._c.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES) else:self._c.pack_forget()self.collapsed = not self.collapseddef setData(self, flag, data=None, **options):return self.afs[flag].setData(data, **options)def setOneMode(self, flag, mode):self.afs[flag].setMode(mode)# 绘图类型和维度
# varDct 的格式是 {"sub":sub, "type":slctType, "dim":dim, "proj": proj}
class DrawType(ttk.Frame):# ws为两个combobox的宽def __init__(self, master, types, varDct = {"sub":"111", "type":'点线图', "dim":"xyz", "proj": "3d"},ws=None, func=None, **options):super().__init__(master, **options)self.pack()self.dimChanged = funcself.initVar(varDct)self.initWidgets(ws, types)def initVar(self, varDct):self.drawVars = {key:tk.StringVar() for key in varDct}for key in self.drawVars:self.drawVars[key].set(varDct[key])def initWidgets(self, ws, types):if ws==None: ws = [5, 5, 5, 3]slctDct = {'type':types, 'proj': ("None", "3d", "polar"), 'dim' : ("x", "xy", "xyz", "tx", "txy", "txyz")} # 绘图维度keys = ['sub', 'type', 'proj', 'dim']wDct = {} # 控件字典# 此为设置子图的Entry控件wDct['sub'] = ttk.Entry(self, width=ws[0], textvariable=self.drawVars['sub'])for i, key in enumerate(keys[1:], 1):wDct[key] = ttk.Combobox(self, width=ws[i], textvariable=self.drawVars[key])wDct[key]['value'] = slctDct[key]for key in keys:wDct[key].pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2)wDct['dim'].bind('<<ComboboxSelected>>', self.dimChanged)def getSub(self):return self.drawVars['sub'].get()def getType(self): return self.drawVars['type'].get()def getDim(self):return self.drawVars['dim'].get()def getProj(self):return self.drawVars['proj'].get()def getDct(self):return {key:self.drawVars[key].get() for key in self.drawVars}# 子图类型
class DrawTypeSub(DrawType):passclass DarwSystem():def __init__(self):self.root = tk.Tk()self.root.title("数据展示工具")self.data = {}self.als = []self.initConst()self.setFrmCtrl()frmFig = ttk.Frame(self.root)frmFig.pack(side=tk.LEFT,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)self.setFrmFig(frmFig)self.root.mainloop()def initConst(self):self.TYPES = ("点线图", "散点图", "条形图")self.drawDct = {"点线图" : self.drawPlot,"散点图" : self.drawScatter,"条形图" : self.drawBar}def setFrmCtrl(self):frmCtrl = ttk.Frame(self.root,width=320)frmCtrl.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)frm = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl, width=320)frm.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.setCtrlButtons(frm)self.frmAxis = ttk.Frame(frmCtrl)self.frmAxis.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.addLast(None)# ! 工具栏def setCtrlButtons(self, frm):self.drawTypeDim = DrawType(frm, self.TYPES)self.drawTypeDim.pack(side=tk.LEFT)ttk.Button(frm, text="📈",width=3,command=self.btnDrawImg).pack(side=tk.LEFT)ttk.Button(frm, text="📂",width=3,command=self.btnLoadData).pack(side=tk.LEFT)btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="+", width=3)btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.addLast)btn = ttk.Button(frm, text="-", width=3)btn.pack(side=tk.LEFT)btn.bind("<Button-1>", self.deleteLast)def addLast(self, evt):title = f"坐标{len(self.als)}"al = AxisList(self.frmAxis, title, 1, [5,10,30], self.TYPES, self.drawTypeDim.getDct())al.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)self.als.append(al)def deleteLast(self, evt):self.als[-1].pack_forget()del self.als[-1]def btnLoadData(self):name = askopenfilename()data = np.genfromtxt(name)for i, flag in enumerate('xyz'):if i >= data.shape[1]:returnself.AL.setOneMode(flag, "外部导入")self.data[flag] = self.AL.setData(flag, data[:,i])def readDatas(self, al):dct = {}data = {}for flag in self.drawTypeDim.getDim():data[flag] = al.setData(flag, **dct)dct[flag] = data[flag]return datadef setDrawAxis(self, al):sub = int(al.getSub())print(sub)if sub in self.axDct:return self.axDct[sub]p = al.getProj() if p == "None":ax = self.fig.add_subplot(sub)else:ax = self.fig.add_subplot(sub, projection=p)return axdef btnDrawImg(self):self.fig.clf()keys = self.drawTypeDim.getDim()self.axDct = {}for al in self.als:ax = self.setDrawAxis(al)data = self.readDatas(al)draw = self.drawDct[al.getDrawType()]draw(ax, data, keys)self.fig.subplots_adjust(left=0.1, right=0.95, top=0.95, bottom=0.08)self.canvas.draw()def drawBar(self, ax, data, keys):ax.bar(data['x'], data['y'])def drawPlot(self, ax, data, keys):ax.plot(*[data[key] for key in keys])def drawScatter(self, ax, data, keys):ax.scatter(*[data[key] for key in keys])def setFrmFig(self, frmFig):self.fig = Figure()self.canvas = FigureCanvasTkAgg(self.fig,frmFig)self.canvas.get_tk_widget().pack(side=tk.TOP,fill=tk.BOTH,expand=tk.YES)self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar2Tk(self.canvas,frmFig,pack_toolbar=False)self.toolbar.update()self.toolbar.pack(side=tk.RIGHT)if __name__ == "__main__":test = DarwSystem()